<p>The purpose of this essay is to investigate and analyze how widely and intensive gender</p><p>equality issues are considered within Swedish companies. Qualitative interviews were</p><p>arranged with personnel managers within each company, and complemented with a</p><p>questionnaire amongst the employees. The collected information was analysed on the basis of</p><p>gender theory, organization and change theory, theory of equal opportunities and historical</p><p>statistics. The outcome of the analysis indicates that companies find gender equality of high</p><p>interest, and important to address within the daily work. However the analysis also shows that</p><p>even though the companies find gender equality important it is only adopted within few areas,</p><p>and not across all departments. Much of the work done on gender equality is done</p><p>unconsciously by the company. They do not reflect on why they need to work with gender</p><p>equality issues. The companies are unaware of and have not reflected over the majority of the</p><p>intense work within gender equality.</p> / <p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur brett och intensivt tre privata företag i Sverige bedriver jämställdhetsarbete. För att närma oss undersökningsområdet genomförde vi en djupintervju med ansvarig chef på varje företag samt delade ut en enkät till de anställda. Vi analyserade det insamlade materialet med hjälp av genusteori, organisations- och förändringsteori, teorier kring jämställdhetsarbete och med hjälp av statistik från tidigare forskning. Det resultatet visar på i studien är att alla företagen anser att jämställdhet är viktigt och det är viktigt att arbeta med jämställdhet. Företagen arbetar intensivt med jämställdhet inom några få områden men de saknar en bredd i jämställdhetsarbetet. Mycket av det intensiva arbete som bedrivs är idag omedvetet och företagen reflekterar inte över varför ett jämställdhetsarbete ska bedrivas.</p>

The purpose of this essay is to investigate and analyze how widely and intensive gender equality issues are considered within Swedish companies. Qualitative interviews were arranged with personnel managers within each company, and complemented with a questionnaire amongst the employees. The collected information was analysed on the basis of gender theory, organization and change theory, theory of equal opportunities and historical statistics. The outcome of the analysis indicates that companies find gender equality of high interest, and important to address within the daily work. However the analysis also shows that even though the companies find gender equality important it is only adopted within few areas, and not across all departments. Much of the work done on gender equality is done unconsciously by the company. They do not reflect on why they need to work with gender equality issues. The companies are unaware of and have not reflected over the majority of the intense work within gender equality. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur brett och intensivt tre privata företag i Sverige bedriver jämställdhetsarbete. För att närma oss undersökningsområdet genomförde vi en djupintervju med ansvarig chef på varje företag samt delade ut en enkät till de anställda. Vi analyserade det insamlade materialet med hjälp av genusteori, organisations- och förändringsteori, teorier kring jämställdhetsarbete och med hjälp av statistik från tidigare forskning. Det resultatet visar på i studien är att alla företagen anser att jämställdhet är viktigt och det är viktigt att arbeta med jämställdhet. Företagen arbetar intensivt med jämställdhet inom några få områden men de saknar en bredd i jämställdhetsarbetet. Mycket av det intensiva arbete som bedrivs är idag omedvetet och företagen reflekterar inte över varför ett jämställdhetsarbete ska bedrivas.

Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjama mokslinė literatūra, siekiant atskleisti lyčių lygybės principų įgyvendinimą: sampratą ir taikymo sritis, apžvelgiant istorines jų įgyvendinimo prielaidas bei reglamentavimą Lietuvoje. Buvo atlikta lygių galimybių principų įgyvendinimo analizė, atskleidžianti pozityviuosius veiksmus bei lygių galimybių principų įgyvendinimo institucinius aspektus. / This thesis analyses scientific literature with a purpose to unveil the implementation of the principles of gender equality: that is, it analyses the meaning and application of gender equality principles while taking its historical implementation prerequisites together with legal regulation into account within the scope of Lithuania. This paper is based on the analysis of the implementation of equal opportunities principle. Such analysis unfolds the potential positive outcomes together with some institutional aspects that are essential to the implementation of the principle of equal opportunities.

Sweden has made enormous progress when it comes to gender equality hence its ranking as first among other states with a score of 83.9 percent. Despite all the progress, there are still challenges that create a huge gender gap in gender-based professions where some professions are considered male whereas others are termed female. It is obvious that gender segregation still prevails in occupations that are traditionally gendered. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers within the construction industry that are maintaining the gender gap and frustrating Sweden's efforts to steer towards a complete gender equality. The study was analysed based on three theories, glass ceiling (Blackwell ,2017), gender theory (Connell (1996) Simone de Beauvoir, 1949) and gender system (Yvonne Hirdman, 1988) as the main theory. Seven interviews with five women in the construction industry were conducted. Discrimination in working hours, pay gap, sexual harassment, lack of role models are some of the barriers that this report highlights. The findings show that the gender gap is generated by macho culture, male superiority and firmly ingrained masculine norms as well as beliefs.

This thesis explores the causal relationship between economic distress and the demand for gender equality policies using survey data from Sweden and the EU. By employing Bartik instru- ments to address endogeneity concerns, the study estimates the effect of economic distress on the demand for gender equality policies. The findings indicate that negative economic shocks have no significant effect on the demand for gender equality policies in Sweden, while in the EU, the effect is statistically insignificant and slightly positive. Additionally, the analysis suggests that individuals’ political preferences might not only be shaped during individuals’ formative years but can also evolve beyond impressionable ages. These results contribute to the existing literature by shedding light on the intricate dynamics between economic circumstances, political preferences, and gender equality policies. Further research is needed to fully understand the variation in the relationship across different political and geographical contexts.

Yes / This study argues for recognition of the constitutive role of context in shaping the dynamics of the policy‐practice interface in the field of gender equality in universities. Using a comparative and reflective case‐study approach, we draw on our experiences, as action‐researchers, of developing and implementing Gender Equality Action Plans (GEAPs) in four universities in four different European countries and we explore the role of national and local context in the mediation and translation of the GEAP model. Drawing on the concepts of gendered organizations, dialogic organizational change, and policy mobilities, we argue for the need to be critical of approaches to gender equality in higher education (HE) that presume policy measures and good practice models transfer unproblematically to different HE organizations in different international contexts; instead, we draw attention to the contingent ways in which uneven gender relations articulate and manifest in different contexts, shaping possibilities for, and obstacles to, gender equality intervention. Thus, we argue that context plays a crucial constitutive role in the interpretation, enactment, and impact of gender equality policy in HE. / FP7 Science in Society. Grant Number: 321378

<p>The essay discusses how to look at a equality plan of a academic department experiences the, gender equality in general and how power is portrayed from a gender perspective in the academic department. Through the use of qualitative interviews and a short survey the results have shown that few of the staff members have knowledge about the equality plan and few are familiar with its contents. Furthermore results show that the academic department is run hierarchyilly and that both vertical and horizontal gender segregation exists.</p><p>The climate at the academic department is characterized by the will to work with gender equality but so far there have only been few exercised or planned efforts to do so. The gap between theory and practise is wide, the will to be seen as an equal academic department concerning equality of men and women seems important. The conscious or unconscious strategy of covering up the real gender equality seems to be done by focusing on the numerical equality.</p> / <p>Syftet i uppsatsen är att se på hur jämställdhetsplanen, jämställdhet upplevs och hur makt yttrar sig på institutionen ur ett genusperspektiv. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer och en kortare enkät visade det sig att institutionen har problem med att jämställdhetsplanen är ointegrerad och att ytterst få i personalen har kunskap om den eller är insatta i dess innehåll. Vidare visade det sig att institutionen är väldigt hierarkiskt styrd och att vertikal och horisontell könssegregering finns.</p><p>Klimatet på institutionen präglas av en vilja till jämställdhetsarbete men med hittills endast ett fåtal utförda eller planerade punktinsatser. Glappet mellan teori och praktik verkar existera och att vilja vara numeriskt jämställda utåt sett förefaller vara av stor vikt. Att täcka upp den reella ojämställdheten med en jämn könsfördelning verkar vara en medveten eller omedveten strategi.</p>

The essay discusses how to look at a equality plan of a academic department experiences the, gender equality in general and how power is portrayed from a gender perspective in the academic department. Through the use of qualitative interviews and a short survey the results have shown that few of the staff members have knowledge about the equality plan and few are familiar with its contents. Furthermore results show that the academic department is run hierarchyilly and that both vertical and horizontal gender segregation exists. The climate at the academic department is characterized by the will to work with gender equality but so far there have only been few exercised or planned efforts to do so. The gap between theory and practise is wide, the will to be seen as an equal academic department concerning equality of men and women seems important. The conscious or unconscious strategy of covering up the real gender equality seems to be done by focusing on the numerical equality. / Syftet i uppsatsen är att se på hur jämställdhetsplanen, jämställdhet upplevs och hur makt yttrar sig på institutionen ur ett genusperspektiv. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer och en kortare enkät visade det sig att institutionen har problem med att jämställdhetsplanen är ointegrerad och att ytterst få i personalen har kunskap om den eller är insatta i dess innehåll. Vidare visade det sig att institutionen är väldigt hierarkiskt styrd och att vertikal och horisontell könssegregering finns. Klimatet på institutionen präglas av en vilja till jämställdhetsarbete men med hittills endast ett fåtal utförda eller planerade punktinsatser. Glappet mellan teori och praktik verkar existera och att vilja vara numeriskt jämställda utåt sett förefaller vara av stor vikt. Att täcka upp den reella ojämställdheten med en jämn könsfördelning verkar vara en medveten eller omedveten strategi.

Background: Despite the fact that organizations have been working to promote gender equality for several decades, the working environment in Sweden is not yet equal. However, problems often arise during the integration of gender equality in organizations, and too often organizations' gender equality work fails in practice. One way to deal with this is to set goals for gender equality, strategies for achieving these and then convey the strategies through policies. Statistics show that the auditing industry is an industry that is far from being equal, where men dominate at higher levels. At the same time, researchers argue that there are structures and methods in the auditing industry that are not gender neutral. Earlier research also shows that in organizations internal processes it turns out that it surprisingly often occur gender divisions and segregation between the sexes. The authors found a gap in previous research about how the gender equality strategies are reflected in the internal processes of audit firms and how gender equality is perceived by the employees and therefore considered it essential to study this more closely. Purpose: The essay aims to provide an insight into how audit firms work to achieve gender equality, if there are better or worse ways to handle inequality in the auditing industry, and how the perception of gender equality in the companies differs among employees Method: In this multiple-case study, a qualitative research method with a deductive approach is used. The empirical data has been collected through semi-structured interviews and then linked to the theory and analyzed with a comparative approach Conclusion: There are both advantages and disadvantages with the audit firms' gender equality strategies. The audit firm that handles the problem most effectively examines and analyzes the entire organization's structures and processes to find what causes inequality, thus promoting equality in the company. The authors also observe a difference in how the employees perceive the inequality in the workplace, which was that position and length of employment seemed to have an impact on how big a problem they experienced in the inequality at partner level in the auditing industry. Those with a higher position and a longer employment period show greater awareness and insight into the problem of an unequal distribution of gender at the partner level.

In Uganda, the constitution provide protection for women´s rights. However, progress is still slow and the situation on household levels are largely unknown. Many focus on the challenges for women when it comes to gender equality, but as there is now a general recognition of the importance to include men in this work, this study aims to focus on men's perceptions and thoughts regarding gender equality, women empowerment, gender roles and social change, to contribute valuable information on this matter. Previous studies have shown signs of male resistance towards gender equality. To best understand the underlying reasons for this resistance, the theory of Hegemonic Masculinities by Connell and Messerschmidt was chosen to analyse the findings. This theory suggests that hierarchies between men, and notions of male ideals, can have an impact on men´s behaviour. A field study was conducted in rural Uganda which used the methods of individual interviews and focus group discussions, targeting men in different ages and socio-economic backgrounds. The questions asked regarded the roles for men and women, how the roles are changing, their perception of gender equality and the impact of women empowerment on gender relations, all with a focus on house hold level. These answers were complemented by key respondents on both local and national level. The main results of this study shows that there seems to be a general change in the role for women, but the male ideal is still tied to being the provider and leader in the family. Gender equality was in somewhat contradictory viewed as something good that could lead to development, as long as the men could remain higher in status than women. Lastly, many men seemed worried about women empowerment leading to disrespect, arguments and divorce, even though some benefits also were recognized. These findings indicate that “universal ideas” of gender equality have a wide range of local interpretations that needs to be taken into consideration when promoting gender equality in a development context.