This essay has tried to find attitudes and experiences regarding involved fatherhood and parental leave. This has been accomplished through qualitative interviews with five fathers in Uppsala, Sweden. All the respondents were already on or were supposed to go on parental leave. In accordance with the aim of the study the interviews and the analysis proceeded from three topics: fatherhood and family situation; impacts from the daily environment; and effects based on their own fatherhood. These topics were constructed from the two theories that were used to frame the purpose of the study; the theories that were used were the modernistic gender contract (modernistiskt genuskontrakt) and hegemonic masculinity. The study mainly focused on finding what inspired the respondents to go on parental leave and how this differed between them. Apart from that, the study was supposed to find how and if the attitude of the respondents were affected by their local environment. Furthermore, the study intended to find how parental leave could change the attitudes of the respondents towards work versus family relations. The results of the qualitative interviews compared to the literature review showed that the respondents mainly chose to go on parental leave to strengthen the gender equality in the family and to build a stronger relationship between themselves and their children. The division of parental leave between the partners was mainly chosen due to practical reasons. Furthermore, the interviewed fathers got their largest influence from their own fathers and discussions within the family. Lastly, the parental leave gave the fathers a stronger connection to their children and a deeper understanding of having the primary responsibility for their children.

That women and men have different travel patterns has been known for a long time, and previous research argues that gender inequality is the reason for the different travel patterns. Thus, integrating a gender equality perspective into transportation planning has been a relevant topic for quite some time. However, it has been proven to be easier said than done. Gender equality has not been given much attention within transportation planning and planners find it difficult to know how to implement a gender equality perspective. By studying two County Transportation Plans developed by regions in northern Sweden and interviewing infrastructural planners as well as gender equality experts, this thesis will investigate how gender equality is managed and integrated in transport planning on a regional level, and how it could be integrated. How gender equality relates to sustainable transportation on a regional level is another research question. The results show that the planners are aware of women’s and men’s different travel patterns, but they have experienced the difficulties of how gender equality can be integrated in the plans, and integration has previously been made with modesty. This is partly due to lack of competence among the planners and because it has not been prioritized. The result also indicates that gender equality can be beneficial for sustainable transportation, but some goal conflicts were found as well. A conclusion it that there seems to exist a paradox among the respondents where they are unsure of if the transportation should adjust to the current travel needs, or promote change. It is seemingly not either the lack of competence that is the reason gender equality has not been prioritized, but the fact that other areas, such as the need of functional connections due to long distances between places has been seen as more important. The competence and knowledge exists, but need to increase among the planners, and gender equality within transportation planning has to be given more attention on a national level and in the directives from the government.

To create a successful development in sports, gender equality is required. The lack of gender equality within the sport as an organization is therefore a problem and historically, sports is characterized by a gender structure where women is subordinate to men. The purpose of this essay is therefore to increase the knowledge of  the position of women within the field of ice hockey, and to open up for an analyzis of the gender equality within the rules of ice hockey using the theory of social constructionism. The theory makes it possible to highlight the meaning of commonly used concepts within the gender equality debate such as masculinity and femininity as social constructions depending on culture and history and how they change over time. This leads to the question of how the level of gender equality in the rules of ice hockey can be understood by using a social constructive theory. In order to achieve the purpose, the essay has the legal analyzis method as a basis to make the analyzis more nuanced. Interwiew as a method has also been used to create additional support for the conclusions. The study shows that there are significant differences in the rules of ice hockey that causes a problem with gender equality, but if you look under the surface, you could find that what seems to be natural, really is not. The rules of ice hockey, and the problem of gender equality are social constructions that changes under influence by the social environment.

The purpose of this study is to find out whether and to what extent there has been a change in how boys/men and girls/women are represented in textbooks which are used for teaching English in the third grade of primary school. The study compares six textbooks published between the years 2002 and 2017 to investigate the purpose of this study. The theoretical framework of the study is Hirdman’s (1988) two gender principles (separation and hierarchy) and terms such as equality, male and female. The study uses a quantitative research method to analyze texts and images in the textbooks. To fulfill the purpose of this study, the following questions are investigated: - Are girls/women and boys/men represented to the same extent in the texts and images in the textbooks used for teaching English in the third grade? Has this changed over time? - What characteristics are associated with girls/women and boys/men in the texts and images in the textbooks used for teaching English in the third grade? Has this changed over time? The results of the study show that men are represented more often in text and images overall, especially in the books that are published in 2017. However, in one of the books, which was published in 2003, men and women are represented equally frequently (50% men and 50% women) in the images. For the categories active and passive, men are more often portrayed as active and women are more often as passive both in the text and in the images. However, in the books from 2002 and 2003, men and women are portrayed as active almost equally often in the text and the images. Furthermore, while the frequencies are relatively low, the results show that men are often portrayed as being strong. Nevertheless, in three of the six analyzed books, the same number of men and women are portrayed as being strong. For the category beautiful, only men are portrayed as beautiful and no woman is portrayed as beautiful in the six analyzed books. The last category that is analyzed is sport. The results show that the number of men shown to be doing some sport activity is higher than for women. One general conclusion that can be drawn regarding whether the representation of men and women has changed over time is that the most recent books show gender inequality when subjected to closer scrutiny.

The Islamic legislative drafting methodology is meant to bring the family law of Islamic countries into line with current conceptions of gender equality found not only in the West but in Islamic law (the shari’a) as well. The methodology involves identifying the fundamental principles of shari’a and recognizing that they must be adapted to the socio-economic conditions in which they are to be applied.

Disaster vulnerability and health status are determined by the intersecting social identities individuals possess in a given context. Based on two months fieldwork in Bangladesh, this study employs a comparative exploratory case study methodology to understand the way in which the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), Oxfam and Gonoshasthaya Kendra construct and deploy the concepts of gender, empowerment and women’s health within their disaster management policies and programs. It finds that disaster management interventions that fail to understand the intersectional nature of women’s vulnerability risk entrenching or creating forms of both privilege and oppression. Combining intersectionality, Moser’s Practical and Strategic Gender Needs and Sen’s Capability Approach, this study aims to deconstruct the embedded view of women in disaster management by suggesting that a social determinants of health approach, paired with intersectionality, could provide important insights into disaster management interventions and their effectiveness in addressing the gendered realities of women facing disasters.

ABSTRACT   As the population across the world steadily increases, we become more globalized and travel more extensively. This burdens the environment and causes a decrease in safety, and increases congestion and pollution in both rural and urban areas. It is therefore vital to reduce these impacts and thus encourage more sustainable transport solutions. Studies show that men in general travel less sustainably than women, as they use cars for transportation more often. Women, however, use public transport to a greater extent. To be able to encourage a modal shift towards sustainable alternatives – thus creating an attractive public transport system for both women and men – it is essential to understand the underlying causes for these differences in attitudes and travel behaviour between men and women. The purpose of this thesis is to examine gender equality in relation to public transport. More specifically, the thesis will investigate how focusing on gender issues is significant in order to create and develop a sustainable public transport system. The method for this thesis is based on interviews, in which both frequent and less frequent bus travellers have shared their current notions and perceptions on public transport. Part of the aim has been to identify any differences between men and women’s answers and the way they discuss these issues. Furthermore, thematic coding analysis was used to analyse the results that led to five different themes being identified as most frequently mentioned during the interviews. The results were subsequently put into context with related academic research concerning gender equality, mobility, transportation and sustainability. Conclusively, the results show that there are tendencies for gender inequality within public transport in Västerbotten, which is expressed in several different ways by the respondents.

This diploma thesis explores the topic of gender equality and places it into context of international relations and international security. The aim of the diploma thesis is to evaluate potential impacts of higher representation of women in decision-making on international security, with particular attention being given to the specific security situation of women. The diploma thesis treats the theoretical framework of feminist discourse in international relations and international security, with the last chapter presenting a case study of the sanction regime imposed against Iraq by the UN Security Council following the Gulf War.

The thesis is mainly focused on the effects of the new Civil Code on insurance products and insurance industry as a whole. The emphasis is on change and impacts for insurance companies and their clients in liquidation of damages to property and damages to health from liability insurance of the vehicle and changes during interruption of insurance. One chapter is devoted to gender equality when calculating insurance premiums, which will take effect from 21.12.2012. This equality is based on the European Court of Justice and for the insurance market have a significant impact. At the end of the thesis,I summarize the basic legal standards in the insurance industry and their brief development.

This Master's Thesis is about the topic gender equality and diversity management in business in general as well as in the banking industry specifically. The hermeneutical review of the topic is followed by an empirical research which was conducted in the Czech Bank Česká spořitelna. In particular, its diversity and inclusion program Diversitas, which was implemented a few years ago, is examined and evaluated in terms of impact and caused changes. For this purpose, the author conducted qualitative expert interviews with managers (both female and male) of the bank who were all at least to some extent (directly or indirectly) involved in the process of the project implementation and could keep track of the program development. The results of this research showed that diversity management programs like Diversitas have very positive effects on the company in general but that their impact in terms of bringing about gender balance in top management and board positions is to some extent limited.