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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Let's start at the beginning the relationship between entrance narratives and adoptees' self concepts /

Kranstuber, Haley Ann. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Communication, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-79).
12

Let's Start at the Beginning: The Relationship between Entrance Narratives and Adoptees' Self Concepts

Kranstuber, Haley Ann 06 August 2008 (has links)
No description available.
13

Ethnic identity and generalized trust in heterogenous environments : A comparative study in the Gothenburg region

Bralic, Nikola January 2012 (has links)
This thesis has studied two things, the first thing is to see if contact between different ethnic minorities but were the ethnic majority is absent has the same alleged positive effect on generalized trust as contact between ethnic minorities and the ethnic majority. The second issue is to see if people that have contact with people with other ethnic origin than themselves changed their perception of their ethnic identity and if that effects generalized trust. This was done by using theories of social constructivism and social capital were I had an inductive theoretical approach. The research design was comparative research design, comparing heterogeneous environments were there were different ethnic minorities but were the ethnic majority was absent to ethnic heterogeneous environments were there were different ethnic minorities but were the ethnic majority was present using semis structured interviews. What I found out is that contact did in deed effect how people perceived their ethnic identity but not always in the way that the theories suggested that they should. Age seemed to have an bigger effect on generalized trust then ethnic heterogeneity. Also ethnic identity did not directly effect generalized trust but that contact and ethnic identity did in some indirect way effect generalized trust because contact led people to believe that all people are the same no matter their ethnic identity.
14

Social capital in the production gap: social networking services and their transformative role in civic engagement

McQuiston, James M. 24 July 2013 (has links)
No description available.
15

Ancient wisdom, modern choices : the confucian influences on political attitudes and behaviors

Liang, Baowen 02 1900 (has links)
La recherche sur le comportement politique a souvent privilégié les données provenant des cultures occidentales, mais cette approche risque d’occulter les subtilités du comportement humain en dehors de ce cadre. Les chercheurs risquent ainsi de tomber dans le piège de généraliser à partir de contextes spécifiques, ce qui peut conduire à des conclusions erronées. Cette thèse aborde cette problématique en examinant les attitudes et les comportements politiques en Asie de l’Est à travers le prisme de la culture confucéenne. Son objectif principal est d’interroger certaines idées établies sur le comportement politique afin d’évaluer leur pertinence au-delà des frontières occidentales. Cette thèse est composée de trois chapitres empiriques distincts. Chacun d’entre eux aborde un domaine spécifique où la culture peut exercer son influence. Le premier chapitre empirique (chapitre 2) se penche sur le biais de négativité dans les attitudes des citoyens envers l’autorité politique. Il est bien établi que les évaluations politiques des citoyens sont plus fortement influencées par des perceptions négatives que positives des caractéristiques, des événements et des résultats politiques. Dans ce chapitre, j’avance l’idée que la culture joue un rôle crucial mais souvent sous-estimé dans ces biais de négativité. Une analyse multiniveau utilisant la World Values Survey (WVS) met en lumière que le biais de négativité dans la satisfaction à l’égard des gouvernements nationaux diminue à mesure que le niveau de collectivisme dans une société augmente. En outre, j’explore l’impact des valeurs culturelles au niveau individuel en m’appuyant sur les données de l’Asian Barometer Survey (ABS). En accord avec les résultats de la WVS, je constate que le collectivisme atténue l’asymétrie négative-positive lorsque les citoyens évaluent l’autorité politique en fonction des performances gouvernementales. Ces découvertes soulignent l’importance de la prudence lorsqu’il s’agit de généraliser le biais de négativité comme un modèle décrivant uniformément les attitudes des citoyens envers l’autorité politique à travers le monde. Le deuxième chapitre empirique (chapitre 3) plonge dans le phénomène du biais de négativité dans la construction de la confiance généralisée, soit la confiance que les individus accordent aux membres de la société. Les études antérieures ont démontré que la confiance est relativement facile à ébranler, mais difficile à instaurer. Toutefois, je soutiens dans ce chapitre que la littérature sur le biais de négativité est ancrée dans des hypothèses individualistes et néglige les contextes collectivistes. À travers une expérience en ligne préenregistrée réalisée en Chine, je constate que l’exposition à des informations négatives sur le manque de fiabilité d’autres membres de la société a un impact plus marqué sur la confiance généralisée que l’exposition à des informations positives équivalentes sur la fiabilité de ces individus. Cependant, l’effet asymétrique de l’information sur la confiance est conditionné par les valeurs culturelles auto-attribuées par les participants. Les individus aux valeurs collectivistes élevées montrent moins de biais de négativité dans le processus de formation de la confiance. Ces résultats éclairent le rôle de la culture dans la compréhension de la dynamique de la confiance et appellent à une exploration plus approfondie des influences culturelles sur le biais de négativité. Le troisième chapitre empirique (chapitre 4) explore l’écart de participation électorale entre hommes et femmes. En Asie de l’Est, la participation politique des femmes n’a pas évolué au même rythme que le développement économique de la région. Cet écart est souvent imputé à l’influence de la culture confucéenne qui met l’accent sur la hiérarchie, l’ordre et l’obéissance. Toutefois, ce chapitre nuance cette perspective en mettant en avant comment certains aspects du Confucianisme, tels que la méritocratie, peuvent en réalité renforcer le rôle des femmes dans la société moderne en Asie de l’Est. Centré sur le contexte chinois, notamment sur l’institution historiquement significative du système d’examen civil (keju) basée sur Confucius, ce chapitre met en lumière l’impact durable des héritages méritocratiques sur les comportements contemporains. À l’aide de données provenant d’archives historiques et de la China General Social Survey, je découvre une corrélation négative entre les performances des ancêtres d’une préfecture aux examens keju et l’écart entre les sexes dans la participation aux élections villageoises contemporaine. Cette thèse contribue à notre compréhension de la relation entre la culture et l’engagement politique des citoyens. En se concentrant spécifiquement sur l’Asie de l’Est, cette étude représente l’une des rares investigations visant à étudier empiriquement l’influence culturelle sur les attitudes et les comportements politiques dans cette région. En plaidant en faveur d’une recherche qui va au-delà des échantillons “WEIRD”, elle ouvre la voie à de futures investigations dans des contextes globaux, ce qui permettra de développer des perspectives plus inclusives et nuancées dans le domaine de la recherche sur le comportement politique. / The political behavior literature has traditionally centered on data from Western cultures, but this tendency risks overlooking the complexities of human behavior outside the Western sphere. Researchers might fall into the trap of the exception fallacy when they propose generalized theory based on specific contexts. This dissertation addresses this issue by examining political attitudes and behaviors in East Asia through the lens of the Confucian culture. Its primary aim is to interrogate established theories of political behavior to determine their applicability beyond Western contexts. This dissertation is composed of three distinct empirical chapters. Each examines a specific domain where culture may exert its influence. The first empirical chapter (Chapter 2) investigates the negativity biases in citizens’ attitudes toward the political authority. In particular, we know that citizens’ political evaluations tend to be more strongly influenced by negative than positive perceptions of traits, events and policy outcomes. In this chapter, I argue that culture is a significant yet understudied correlate of negativity biases. A multilevel analysis using the World Values Survey (WVS) demonstrates that the negativity bias in national government satisfaction weakens as a society’s level of collectivism is higher. Next, I explore the effect of cultural values at the individual level with data from the Asian Barometer Survey (ABS). In line with the results from the WVS, I find that collectivism reduces the negative-positive asymmetry when citizens evaluate the incumbent authority on the basis of government performance. These results invite more caution when taking negativity biases as a general pattern that describes citizens’ attitudes toward political authority everywhere. The second empirical chapter (Chapter 3) examines the phenomenon of negativity bias in the formation of generalized trust, the trust that individuals have in the members of society. Previous research demonstrates that generalized trust is relatively easy to destroy but challenging to create. In this chapter, I argue that the negativity bias literature is based on individualist assumptions and overlooks collectivist contexts. Using a preregistered online experiment conducted in China, I find that receiving negative information about the untrustworthiness of other social members has a more profound impact on generalized trust than receiving comparable positive information about their trustworthiness. Nevertheless, the asymmetric effect of information on trust is contingent on participants’ self-rated cultural values. Individuals with higher collectivist values tend to exhibit less negativity bias in trust development. These results shed light on the role of culture in understanding the dynamics of trust formation and call for further exploration of cultural influences on negativity biases. The third empirical chapter (Chapter 4) explores the gender gap in electoral participation. East Asian women’s political participation has not kept pace with the region’s economic development. This discrepancy is often attributed to the influence of Confucian culture, which emphasizes hierarchy, order, and obedience. This chapter nuances this perspective by highlighting how certain elements of Confucianism, such as meritocracy, may actually empower modern-day East Asian women. This chapter focuses on the Chinese context, particularly the historically significant Confucian-based meritocratic institution known as the civil examination system (keju). I argue that historical meritocratic legacies can have a lasting impact on contemporary behavior, specifically by reducing the gender gap in political participation in local village elections. Using data from historical archives and the China General Social Survey, I find a negative correlation between the performance of a prefecture’s ancestors in the keju exams and the gender gap in village election turnout among present-day respondents. This dissertation contributes to the understanding of the relationship between culture and political attitudes and behavior. In particular, this study represents one of the few investigations aimed at empirically studying the cultural influence on political attitudes and behaviors in this region. By advocating for research beyond “WEIRD” samples, it sets the stage for future endeavors that embrace global contexts and fosters more inclusive and nuanced perspectives in political behavior research.
16

Essays on choices, beliefs and adaptive behavior

Kühne, Regina 02 February 2015 (has links)
Diese Dissertation umfasst drei Aufsätzen, die sich mit Erwartungen, Entscheidungen und deren Rückwirkung auf die Umgebung beschäftigen. Der erste Aufsatz untersucht die Binnenwanderung von Ost- nach Westdeutschland. Dabei wird der Zusammenhang von Variation in ökonomischen Disparitäten zwischen der Ursprungs- und der Zielregion und Bildungsniveau, Alter und Arbeitsmarktstatus der wandernden Bevölkerung untersucht. Mit Hilfe der SOEP Daten von 1993 bis 2011 gelangt die Untersuchung zu dem Ergebnis, dass regionale Disparitäten in Verbindung mit der Selbstselektion der Wandernden stehen. Während die Wandernden im Durchschnitt jünger und besser ausgebildet als die Bleibenden sind, verringert sich dieser Unterschied, wenn die Differentiale in den Arbeitslosenquoten zwischen den Regionen steigen. Im zweiten Aufsatz entwickle ich ein Modell zur Untersuchung von prosozialem Verhalten in Begegnungen mit Fremden. Durch das Abstrahieren von Möglichkeiten der Reputationsbildung oder des Bestraftwerdens, entfallen die wesentlichen strategischen Motive für prosoziales Verhalten. Die Entscheidung prosozial zu Handeln ist dann nicht mehr strategisch vorteilhaft sondern intrinsisch motiviert durch Altruismus und einer Neigung sich an das Verhalten anderer anzupassen. In einem zweiten Schritt untersuche ich, ob die Erkenntnisse des Modells mit dem empirisch beobachteten Verhalten übereinstimmen. Der dritte Aufsatz skizziert eine (mögliche) Verhaltensstruktur und notwendige Bedingungen auf Mikroebene, die zu den beobachteten Verhaltensunterschieden in prosozialem Verhalten zwischen dem ländlichen und städtischen Raum führen. Den Rahmen des hier entwickelten Modells bildet das bekannte Gefangenen Dilemma, das wiederholt mit zufällig zugeordneten Partnern einer großen Gesellschaft gespielt wird. Das Modell bezieht Merkmale ein, die sich häufig in realen Begegnungen wiederfinden: imperfekte Information, freiwillige Teilnahme und eine Neigung sich dem Verhalten anderer anzupassen. / This thesis consists of three essays that analyze choices and beliefs to explore how both lead to adaptive behavior. The first essay examines the positive net migration flow from the eastern to western parts of Germany. The migration decision is substantially based on expectations about future developments. With economic conditions changing substantially over the past 20 years in the eastern part of Germany, the incentives to migrate have also altered, so changing the composition of the east-to-west migrant body. This essay explores variations in economic disparities between the region of origin and region of destination, relating them to changes in the skill level, age and labor force status of the migrant population. Analyzing SOEP data from 1993-2011, the findings suggest that, with falling wage differentials, older migrants are less frequent job-to-job movers and are more likely to be non-working prior to migration. Furthermore, while migrants tend to be younger and better educated than stayers, the group of movers becomes partly less distinct from the group of stayers with respect to the skill and age composition when regional disparities in employment opportunities increase. The second and the third essay of this thesis model the decision making process in social interactions between strangers. In these situations, choices are often affected by beliefs about others behavior. In the second essay of this work, I develop a simple model of prosocial behavior for encounters between strangers. By abstracting from the possibility of reputation building and punishment between anonymous partners, I remove the main strategic motives for prosocial behavior so reducing it to a simple non-strategic decision. The principal motivation to behave prosocially is then intrinsic, based on altruism, with a taste for conforming to the behavior of others. In this way, individual decisions are conditional on the behavior of others. Emerging equilibria will then explain the occurrence of prosocial or cooperative behavior within a given society. In a second step, I analyze whether the model’s predictions are consistent with the empirical evidence on the link between beliefs and prosocial behavior using data on blood donations. The third essay outline a (possible) micro-structure and conditions which lead to the observed urban-rural differences in cooperative behavior using agent-based modeling. The model presented here adapts the familiar framework of a prisoners dilemma which is played repeatedly with randomly matched members of a large population. I introduce features that are often found in real world interactions: imperfect information, voluntary participation and a taste for conforming to majority behavior. In this analysis, peoples beliefs about the level of cooperation in the population and their resulting behavior are determined endogenously. Both are governed principally by the experience that they derive from interactions. I present results of an agentbased simulation in order to study the emerging dynamic relationships, to examine how cooperative behavior evolves over time under different circumstances, and to determine how urban-rural differences in behavior emerge. The factors that give rise to rural-urban differences are heterogeneity in individual loss aversion or risk taking, and limited migration possibilities between rural and urban areas.

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