Background: To reduce the increasing cost for pharmaceuticals on prescription in Sweden, the generic drug exchange was introduced in 2002. According to the law (2002:160) of drug benefits all pharmacies are forced to exchange the brand-name product/original for a generic drug, i.e. a drug that is covered by the Swedish drug benefit system and in addition has been found by The Swedish Medical Products Agency (MPA) to be equivalent to the brand-name product/original in question. The Dental and Pharmaceutical Benefits Agency, TLV, determines which available drug is the lowest price, "the product of the period". The reform has led to major economic savings for both the individual and the society. For some patients the generic drug exchange has resulted in increased safety problems in the form of medication errors, lack of drug effects, and new unwanted side effects. Insufficient information from prescribers and pharmacists and different names of drugs has led to confusion among patients. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the customers' experience of the generic drug exchange at pharmacies, the potential problems of generic exchange, and whether any differences in how the generic drug exchange is experienced can be explained by the customer's level of education. Method: The investigation was conducted as a survey, which consisted of 10 different multiple choice questions where the respondent was able to choose the answer best in line with their perception. Results and discussion: The majority (87%) of the participants stated that they had accepted the generic exchange. In general, there was no apparent difference in regards to the different levels of education. Nevertheless, among those with university/college as the highest level of education, there was a greater proportion of women (45%) than men (29%). A small percentage (22%) of the participants had experienced problems in connection with or after the exchange. Among the problems mentioned were, among other things, unknown name, tablet, or packaging; and new side effects. 42% of the participants had received information about the generic drug exchange from the medical doctors while 90% of the participants had received information at the pharmacy. No difference between different groups could be detected. The overall experience with the generic exchange showed that 81% of participants were satisfied with the exchange. No difference between different groups could be detected. Conclusion: The study showed that the main part of the (survey) participants has a positive attitude towards generic exchange. The majority of the participants felt that they had gotten adequate information regarding the exchange at the pharmacy (from the pharmacist), whilst the survey revealed that the medical doctors was insufficient in informing their patients about the possibility of generic exchange. There was no apparent difference amongst different groups when it comes to acceptance and general perception of the generic drug exchange.

This thesis explores the generic interaction between Virgilian pastoral and Ovidian epic. My primary goal is to bring pastoral, substantially enriched by important critical work thereupon in recent decades, more energetically into the scholarly discussion of the Metamorphoses, whose multifaceted generic interplay is often limited to the study of its interaction with elegy. Secondarily, I hope to show how the Metamorphoses plays a pivotal role in the re-reading of the Eclogues. The fact that both epic and pastoral are written in hexameters facilitates the interaction between the two and enables the Metamorphoses’ repeated short-term transformations into pastoral poetry, which often end abruptly. I will try to show that although the engagement with pastoral occasionally appears to threaten the epic code of the poem, pastoral is ultimately integrated in the Metamorphoses’ generic self-definition as epic and partakes in Ovid’s dynamic recreation of the genre. My primary method is that of intertextuality, resting on the premise that all readings of textual relationships, as the one suggested here, are acts of interpretation. I also explore pastoral in the Metamorphoses intratextually by joining together various pastoral episodes of the Metamorphoses and arguing how similar thematics are replayed and rewritten throughout the poem. The main perspectives from which I examine pastoral in the Ovidian epic are those of fiction and the development of the thematics of the Golden Age. In the first part, I explore instances of song performances in the Metamorphoses, i) musical contests, ii) solo performances and iii) laments, in which I argue that pastoral is extensively at work. I suggest that the Metamorphoses employs pastoral’s overriding generic self-obsession and its tendency to create its own fiction internally, significantly through the means of singing performance and repetition. I argue that the mythopoetic means of pastoral are applied and reworked in the Metamorphoses for the creation of its epic world and heroes. In the second part, I explore the repeated occurrences of the Golden Age theme in the Metamorphoses and suggest that the remarkable engagement with pastoral is employed both to invite a political reading of the Golden Age, as set by Eclogue 4 and its post-Eclogues occurrences, and to recap the introversion of the pastoral enclosure and its seclusion from politics.

A partir do início da década de 90 a indústria farmacêutica brasileira vem passando por grandes transformações, que originaram modificações na produção da indústria farmacêutica. O presente trabalho propõe-se apresentar a evolução da indústria farmacêutica brasileira apresentando as mudanças ocorridas no setor originadas, principalmente, pela lei de medicamentos genéricos. Antes da lei do medicamento genérico ser aprovada no Brasil o capital estrangeiro era dominante nas indústrias. O Brasil não detinha conhecimento dos primeiros estágios da produção, que eram todos realizados nos país de origem das empresas, deixando cada vez mais frágil as indústrias nacionais. A lei de medicamentos genéricos, que teve origem através das políticas publica de integração dos setores da saúde e da indústria farmacêutica, desempenhou um papel importante, proporcionando a ampliação da oferta de medicamentos, a redução do preço dos medicamentos através da concorrência no mercado. Mas, principalmente, a mudança no capital da indústria farmacêutica nacional. Com a implantação dos genéricos, a indústria passou a ter mais participação do capital nacional. Ao mesmo tempo em que ocorreu a ampliação do número de indústrias no país. Gerando uma base mais forte para o crescimento do setor, e possibilitando a criação de políticas para tentar reduzir a dependência de importações. / From the beginning of the 90s the Brazilian pharmaceutical industry is undergoing major changes, which cause changes in the production of the pharmaceutical industry. This paper intends to present the evolution of the Brazilian pharmaceutical industry and presents the changes in the industry originated mainly by the law of generic drugs. Before the law of the generic drug be approved foreign capital in Brazil was dominant in the industry. Brazil had no knowledge of the early stages of production, which was conducted throughout the country of origin of companies, leaving increasingly fragile domestic industries. The law of generic drugs, which originated through the policies of integration of public health sectors and the pharmaceutical industry, played an important role in providing the increased supply of drugs, reducing drug prices through market competition. But mostly, the change in the capital of the domestic pharmaceutical industry. With the implementation of generics, the industry began to have more participation of the national capital. At the same time it was increasing the number of industries in the country. Building a stronger foundation for growth in the sector and enabling the creation of policies to try to reduce dependence on imports.

Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T19:01:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ACF153.pdf: 634361 bytes, checksum: c975e48fd56b71e0f5c55c6d73447167 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / The pharmaceutical industry is a segment that is dominated by transnational companies. This characteristic is visible in Brazil, where there are only three domestic laboratories in the top ten pharmaceutical companies list. From the 1970s onwards, the world pharmaceutical market went through deep changes caused mainly to the increase of regulatory control and patent expiration that led to the advent of generic medicaments. In 1999, it was published the law that allowed the introduction of generic medicaments in Brazil, creating a new market that is currently dominated by domestic laboratories. This dissertation proposes to identify the reasons for a subsidiary of foreign laboratory does not achieve the leadership of this market. The literature is based on international political economy and international business concepts that means, relations between subsidiary and head office, domestic and foreign companies and government. Four propositions are presented and tested through multiple sources of evidences. The empirical research was mainly grounded in interviews with key persons and participant observation that allowed access to information, which would be not available for scientific investigation. The results indicate that the relationships considered in this study affect the subsidiary performance in generic medicament market in regard to its ability to make decisions, price competitiveness and wide portfolio creation. The respondents considered those three aspects as success critical factors. The results can be used for future research, aiming to wide the focus of the study about domestic laboratory dominance in generic medicament markets. Another suggestion is to follow this market evolution regarding to the internationalization process of domestic laboratories. / A indústria farmacêutica é um segmento dominado por grandes empresas transnacionais, sendo que esse domínio é particularmente visível no Brasil, onde apenas três empresas nacionais figuram no ranking das dez maiores do setor. A partir de 1970, o mercado farmacêutico mundial sofreu profundas mudanças causadas pela elevação dos marcos regulatórios e pela queda das patentes, que levou à entrada dos medicamentos genéricos no mercado. Em 1999, foi publicada a lei que permitiu a introdução dos medicamentos genéricos no Brasil criando um novo mercado, que é, atualmente, liderado por laboratórios nacionais. A proposta do presente estudo é identificar os motivos que levaram uma subsidiária de um laboratório estrangeiro a não obter a liderança nesse mercado. O referencial teórico aborda a questão nos âmbitos da economia política internacional e dos negócios internacionais, ou seja, nas relações entre matriz e subsidiária, entre empresas nacionais e transnacionais, e entre ambas e o governo. A pesquisadora, com base na literatura disponível, apresenta quatro proposições cujas validades foram testadas a partir de múltiplas fontes de dados. A base da pesquisa empírica foi as entrevistas realizadas com representantes dos diversos atores envolvidos no processo, além da observação participante, que permitiu o acesso a informações que usualmente não estariam abertas à investigação científica. As conclusões indicam que as relações analisadas têm impacto direto no desempenho da subsidiária ao afetarem a sua agilidade no processo de tomada de decisão, sua competitividade em preços e a criação de um portfólio amplo de medicamentos, sendo todos esses aspectos considerados fatores críticos de sucesso pelos respondentes. Os resultados do trabalho podem ser utilizados em pesquisas futuras, visando ampliar o foco do estudo a respeito da dominância dos laboratórios nacionais no mercado de medicamentos genéricos. Além disso, é sugerido o acompanhamento da evolução dos laboratórios nacionais sob a ótica do processo de internacionalização.

O ensino de inglês em uma escola técnica é voltado para atender às necessidades dos alunos e do curso. Atuando como professora de inglês para fins específicos no CEFET UnED Itaguaí, deparei-me com um curso novo no estado do Rio de Janeiro, o Curso Pós-Médio Técnico em Portos. Em vista disto, este estudo propõe-se a investigar como o documento portuário, NOR, Notice of Readiness, ou ainda, Aviso de Prontidão, fundamental em uma operação portuária e, consequentemente, material importante para o curso de Portos, se estrutura em estágios para transmitir significados. Objetivamente, este trabalho responde as seguintes questões: em que situação o gênero NOR se constitui? e que linguagem medeia a atividade social nessa situação?. Para tanto, no desenvolvimento da pesquisa, são utilizados os pressupostos da Linguística Sistêmico-funcional (HALLIDAY, 1985; HALLIDAY; HASAN, 1989), que tem a função e a semântica como base da linguagem e da atividade comunicativa, sendo a língua influenciada pelo contexto social. Dessa forma, adota-se uma concepção de gênero a partir de uma perspectiva funcionalista: o gênero é visto como uma atividade direcionada por objetivos e propósitos, realizada em estágios e na qual os falantes são engajados como membros da nossa cultura (MARTIN, 1992). Adota-se, ainda, a noção de configuração contextual (CC) de um gênero, que faz referência às variáveis de registro localizadas no contexto situacional: o campo, a relação e o modo, que possibilitam perceber os elementos obrigatórios e opcionais que compõem a estrutura potencial de um gênero (EPG), assim como verificar seus traços estruturais, lexicais, gramaticais e semânticos (HALLIDAY; HASAN, 1989). O corpus desta pesquisa é constituído de dez exemplares do documento NOR, coletados em duas empresas que possuem terminais portuários na região da Costa Verde, no Rio de Janeiro. A fim de analisar os exemplares do documento, fizemos uma pesquisa de base qualitativa para identificar os seus estágios obrigatórios e opcionais a partir das marcas léxico-gramaticais no texto, mapeando suas funções, conforme a proposta de Hasan (1989). Os resultados da análise dos dez documentos sugere que há quatro estágios obrigatórios nestes textos, ou seja, o documento NOR possui quatro estágios que cumprem certas funções importantes na atividade social em que se insere. Estes estágios ocorreram em todos os exemplares pesquisados e são portanto determinantes para caracterizar o gênero NOR. Nestes estágios, foram identificados padrões da léxico-gramática que sinalizam as respectivas funções dos segmentos textuais que compõem o NOR, mostrando a estreita relação entre texto (representado por suas características lexico-gramaticais) e contexto (representado pela configuração contextual postulada para o NOR). Assim, esta análise aponta vantagens para o contexto portuário uma vez que propõe um modelo para facilitar a leitura e escrita do documento NOR, levando o profissional da área a se tornar um participante mais competente. Além do aporte à área portuária, esta dissertação pode auxiliar na análise de outros gêneros, nos quais seus pesquisadores tenham como premissa um modelo que considera o meio social onde o texto é produzido / The teaching of English as a foreign language in a technical school is designed to meet students' and the courses needs. Acting as a teacher of English for Specific Purposes at CEFET Itaguaí, I came across a new course in Rio de Janeiro state, the Technical Course of Cargo shipping. Considering this, the present study aims to investigate how the cargo shipping document, NOR, or Notice of Readiness, which is a crucial cargo shipping operation and, consequently, an important material for the course at CEFET, is structured in stages to transmit meanings. Objectively, this paper answers the following research questions: "what is the situation in which the NOR is produced? " and "what are the main features of the language that mediates social activity in this situation?". To answer these questions the theoretical assumptions of Systemic functional linguistics (SFL) (HALLIDAY, 1985, HALLIDAY; HASAN, 1989) were drawn upon: SFL sees function and semantics as the basis of language and of communicative activity, and thus considers language to be influenced by social context. The concept of gender adopted comes from the same functionalist perspective: genre is here seen as an activity driven by goals and purposes, held in stages and in which speakers are engaged as members of a particular culture (MARTIN, 1992). The notion of a contextual configuration (CC) for a genre is also adopted, and it refers to the variables located in the situational context (field, tenor and mode) that enable one to realize the obligatory and optional elements that make up a genres structure potential (GSP), as well as investigate their structural features, lexical, grammatical and semantic (HASAN, 1989). The corpus for this study consists of ten exemplars of the document NOR, collected in two companies with cargo shipping terminals in the region of Costa Verde in Rio de Janeiro. In order to examine these documents, a qualitative research was carried out to identify their obligatory and optional stages on the basis of the identification of lexico-grammatical signals in the text, thus mapping their functions, as Hasan (1989) proposed. The results of the analysis of the ten documents suggest that there are four obligatory stages in these texts: the NOR document has four stages that fulfill certain important functions in the social activity in which it operates. These stages occurred in all samples studied and are therefore crucial to characterizing the genre. This research contributes to the pedagogy in the area of cargo shipping negotiations as it establishes a suggested model to facilitate the reading and writing of the document NOR, which might lead to professionals in the field becoming more competent participants in the social activity under discussion. Apart from its contribution to the area of cargo shipping , this research may help in the analysis of other genres, in which researchers adopt a model that considers the social environment in which the text is produced

Magister Legum - LLM (Mercantile and Labour Law) / Traditional knowledge has been around for centuries and has gained over the centuries and adapted to the local culture and environment, traditional knowledge is transmitted orally from generation to generation. It tends to be collectively owned and takes the form of stories, songs, folklore, proverbs, cultural values, beliefs, rituals, community laws, local language, and agricultural practices, including the development of plant species and animal breeds. The Swakopmund Protocol has been one of the legislations that has been put in place to protect Traditional knowledge and has to be reviewed. With Traditional communities playing a huge role at the in the Namibian communities, the aim of the protocol is to protect them by establishing its effectiveness. The mini thesis aims to study the intellectual property system in Namibia as a system of protection which is inadequate for protecting Traditional knowledge, and as a result there is a huge need for Namibia to develop its national sui generis system for protecting TK. There are so many gaps existing in Namibia with regards to the existing intellectual property laws that need to be filled with all the results from the research this mini this will provide, it could provide the direction the country needs to go in. The research focuses on the effectiveness of the Swakopmund Protocol that was implemented in 2010. Questions in the paper to be answered are such as what the protocol has achieved in the time that it has been in place, but more importantly how effective the Protocol is in protecting TK within the country and ways forward to protecting TK and making the protection as efficient as possible to extending necessary protection for TK and allow the next generations of people to have access to such knowledge. The mini thesis will be a desk-based research focusing on the Swakopmund Protocol. There is today a growing appreciation of the value of traditional knowledge. This knowledge is valuable not only to those who depend on it in their daily lives, but to modern industry and agriculture as well. Many widely used products, such as plantbased medicines, health products and cosmetics, are derived from traditional knowledge. Other valuable products based on traditional knowledge include agricultural and non-wood forest products as well as handicraft.

Em 1999, o mercado de medicamentos genéricos foi criado no Brasil. Com isso, iniciou-se uma nova fase do mercado farmacêutico brasileiro. Através de dados cedidos pela ANVISA sobre o mercado varejista brasileiro, objetivou-se testar em até que ponto a política de medicamentos genéricos tem logrado êxito. Foram utilizados dados em painel para analisar o impacto da entrada dos medicamentos genéricos sobre a estrutura do mercado, assim como o impacto nos preços e na quantidade vendida entre 2003 e 2007. Os resultados foram favoráveis à diminuição da concentração dos mercados relevantes da amostragem e também ao aumento da quantidade comercializada. Em relação aos preços, o modelo se mostrou pouco significativo, provavelmente pela política de medicamentos genéricos ser um instrumento indireto de controle de preços. De qualquer forma, os resultados encontrados parecem sugerir o bom andamento da política de medicamentos genéricos, o que é um alívio em se tratando de um mercado tão essencial para o bem-estar da população. / In 1999, the generic medicines market was created in Brazil. Thus, a new phase of the Brazilian pharmaceutical market began. Through data provided by ANVISA on the Brazilian retail market, aimed to test in how far the generic drug policy has been successful, we used panel data to analyze the impact of the entry of generic drugs on the market structure, as well as the impact on prices and quantities sold between 2003 and 2007. The results were favorable to the policy as they show decrease of the concentration level in the relevant markets of the sample and also increase of the quantity sold. Regarding prices, the model was negligible, probably due to generic drug policy being an instrument of indirect price control. Anyway, the results seem to suggest the progress of the generic drug policy, which is a relief when it comes to a market as essential for the welfare of the population.

O ensino de inglês em uma escola técnica é voltado para atender às necessidades dos alunos e do curso. Atuando como professora de inglês para fins específicos no CEFET UnED Itaguaí, deparei-me com um curso novo no estado do Rio de Janeiro, o Curso Pós-Médio Técnico em Portos. Em vista disto, este estudo propõe-se a investigar como o documento portuário, NOR, Notice of Readiness, ou ainda, Aviso de Prontidão, fundamental em uma operação portuária e, consequentemente, material importante para o curso de Portos, se estrutura em estágios para transmitir significados. Objetivamente, este trabalho responde as seguintes questões: em que situação o gênero NOR se constitui? e que linguagem medeia a atividade social nessa situação?. Para tanto, no desenvolvimento da pesquisa, são utilizados os pressupostos da Linguística Sistêmico-funcional (HALLIDAY, 1985; HALLIDAY; HASAN, 1989), que tem a função e a semântica como base da linguagem e da atividade comunicativa, sendo a língua influenciada pelo contexto social. Dessa forma, adota-se uma concepção de gênero a partir de uma perspectiva funcionalista: o gênero é visto como uma atividade direcionada por objetivos e propósitos, realizada em estágios e na qual os falantes são engajados como membros da nossa cultura (MARTIN, 1992). Adota-se, ainda, a noção de configuração contextual (CC) de um gênero, que faz referência às variáveis de registro localizadas no contexto situacional: o campo, a relação e o modo, que possibilitam perceber os elementos obrigatórios e opcionais que compõem a estrutura potencial de um gênero (EPG), assim como verificar seus traços estruturais, lexicais, gramaticais e semânticos (HALLIDAY; HASAN, 1989). O corpus desta pesquisa é constituído de dez exemplares do documento NOR, coletados em duas empresas que possuem terminais portuários na região da Costa Verde, no Rio de Janeiro. A fim de analisar os exemplares do documento, fizemos uma pesquisa de base qualitativa para identificar os seus estágios obrigatórios e opcionais a partir das marcas léxico-gramaticais no texto, mapeando suas funções, conforme a proposta de Hasan (1989). Os resultados da análise dos dez documentos sugere que há quatro estágios obrigatórios nestes textos, ou seja, o documento NOR possui quatro estágios que cumprem certas funções importantes na atividade social em que se insere. Estes estágios ocorreram em todos os exemplares pesquisados e são portanto determinantes para caracterizar o gênero NOR. Nestes estágios, foram identificados padrões da léxico-gramática que sinalizam as respectivas funções dos segmentos textuais que compõem o NOR, mostrando a estreita relação entre texto (representado por suas características lexico-gramaticais) e contexto (representado pela configuração contextual postulada para o NOR). Assim, esta análise aponta vantagens para o contexto portuário uma vez que propõe um modelo para facilitar a leitura e escrita do documento NOR, levando o profissional da área a se tornar um participante mais competente. Além do aporte à área portuária, esta dissertação pode auxiliar na análise de outros gêneros, nos quais seus pesquisadores tenham como premissa um modelo que considera o meio social onde o texto é produzido / The teaching of English as a foreign language in a technical school is designed to meet students' and the courses needs. Acting as a teacher of English for Specific Purposes at CEFET Itaguaí, I came across a new course in Rio de Janeiro state, the Technical Course of Cargo shipping. Considering this, the present study aims to investigate how the cargo shipping document, NOR, or Notice of Readiness, which is a crucial cargo shipping operation and, consequently, an important material for the course at CEFET, is structured in stages to transmit meanings. Objectively, this paper answers the following research questions: "what is the situation in which the NOR is produced? " and "what are the main features of the language that mediates social activity in this situation?". To answer these questions the theoretical assumptions of Systemic functional linguistics (SFL) (HALLIDAY, 1985, HALLIDAY; HASAN, 1989) were drawn upon: SFL sees function and semantics as the basis of language and of communicative activity, and thus considers language to be influenced by social context. The concept of gender adopted comes from the same functionalist perspective: genre is here seen as an activity driven by goals and purposes, held in stages and in which speakers are engaged as members of a particular culture (MARTIN, 1992). The notion of a contextual configuration (CC) for a genre is also adopted, and it refers to the variables located in the situational context (field, tenor and mode) that enable one to realize the obligatory and optional elements that make up a genres structure potential (GSP), as well as investigate their structural features, lexical, grammatical and semantic (HASAN, 1989). The corpus for this study consists of ten exemplars of the document NOR, collected in two companies with cargo shipping terminals in the region of Costa Verde in Rio de Janeiro. In order to examine these documents, a qualitative research was carried out to identify their obligatory and optional stages on the basis of the identification of lexico-grammatical signals in the text, thus mapping their functions, as Hasan (1989) proposed. The results of the analysis of the ten documents suggest that there are four obligatory stages in these texts: the NOR document has four stages that fulfill certain important functions in the social activity in which it operates. These stages occurred in all samples studied and are therefore crucial to characterizing the genre. This research contributes to the pedagogy in the area of cargo shipping negotiations as it establishes a suggested model to facilitate the reading and writing of the document NOR, which might lead to professionals in the field becoming more competent participants in the social activity under discussion. Apart from its contribution to the area of cargo shipping , this research may help in the analysis of other genres, in which researchers adopt a model that considers the social environment in which the text is produced

A partir do início da década de 90 a indústria farmacêutica brasileira vem passando por grandes transformações, que originaram modificações na produção da indústria farmacêutica. O presente trabalho propõe-se apresentar a evolução da indústria farmacêutica brasileira apresentando as mudanças ocorridas no setor originadas, principalmente, pela lei de medicamentos genéricos. Antes da lei do medicamento genérico ser aprovada no Brasil o capital estrangeiro era dominante nas indústrias. O Brasil não detinha conhecimento dos primeiros estágios da produção, que eram todos realizados nos país de origem das empresas, deixando cada vez mais frágil as indústrias nacionais. A lei de medicamentos genéricos, que teve origem através das políticas publica de integração dos setores da saúde e da indústria farmacêutica, desempenhou um papel importante, proporcionando a ampliação da oferta de medicamentos, a redução do preço dos medicamentos através da concorrência no mercado. Mas, principalmente, a mudança no capital da indústria farmacêutica nacional. Com a implantação dos genéricos, a indústria passou a ter mais participação do capital nacional. Ao mesmo tempo em que ocorreu a ampliação do número de indústrias no país. Gerando uma base mais forte para o crescimento do setor, e possibilitando a criação de políticas para tentar reduzir a dependência de importações. / From the beginning of the 90s the Brazilian pharmaceutical industry is undergoing major changes, which cause changes in the production of the pharmaceutical industry. This paper intends to present the evolution of the Brazilian pharmaceutical industry and presents the changes in the industry originated mainly by the law of generic drugs. Before the law of the generic drug be approved foreign capital in Brazil was dominant in the industry. Brazil had no knowledge of the early stages of production, which was conducted throughout the country of origin of companies, leaving increasingly fragile domestic industries. The law of generic drugs, which originated through the policies of integration of public health sectors and the pharmaceutical industry, played an important role in providing the increased supply of drugs, reducing drug prices through market competition. But mostly, the change in the capital of the domestic pharmaceutical industry. With the implementation of generics, the industry began to have more participation of the national capital. At the same time it was increasing the number of industries in the country. Building a stronger foundation for growth in the sector and enabling the creation of policies to try to reduce dependence on imports.

It might seem obvious to state that Paisajes peruanos, one of José de la Riva-Agüero’s threegreat books, should be a travel book, as it is , in effect, the wording of a trip really made. Not whithstandingly, not every trip finishes in the form of a textual genre know as a “travel book”. Using the three dicothomies proposed by Luis Alburquerque for identifying a travel book (“factual” as opposed to “fictional”, “descriptive” as opposed to “narrative”, and “objective” as opposed to “subjective”), this paper proves the generic filiation of Paisajes peruanos. What this paper does not prove is why Riva-Agüero used specifically this particular genre tocristalize his idea of “integral Peruanity”. / Parece obvio que Paisajes peruanos, uno de los tres textos más importantes de José dela Riva-Agüero, sea un “libro de viajes”, al ser, en efecto, el registro de un viaje realmente acontecido. Sin embargo, no todos los viajes se expresan en el género textual denomina- do “libro de viajes”. Mediante su determinación como “factual” frente a “ficcional”, como “descriptivo” frente a “narrativo” y como “objetivo” frente a “subjetivo” –los tres grandes binomios establecidos por Luis Alburquerque para el género– se prueba la filiación genérica de Paisajes peruanos. No se responde totalmente, sin embargo, a la pregunta de por quéescoge Riva-Agüero un “libro de viajes” para cristalizar su idea de la peruanidad integral.