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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Investigation of the Effects of Genistein and Fenretinide on Ovarian Cancer Cells

Azadi, Behnam 10 January 2012 (has links)
The effects of the fenretinide and genistein as single or combined drugs on ovarian cancer proliferation and viability were investigated. Hypothesis: Co-treatment with genistein will enable a lower dose of fenretinide to be effective in inhibiting the proliferation and survival of ovarian cancer cells. Methods: Low and high doses of genistein and fenretinide were tested on A2780s and A2780cp cells using trypan blue viable cell count, MTS assay. Results and conclusions: Unlike low doses of fenretinide, genistein had anti-proliferative effects on both cell lines. There were no additive or synergistic effects of the two compounds. Higher dose treatments induced anti-proliferative effects and apoptotic cell death in both A2780s and A2780cp cells, with a greater sensitivity of A2780s cells to both test compounds. Overall Conclusion: Genistein and higher doses of fenretinide similarly impair cell cycle progression and induce apoptosis. The anti-proliferative effects of genistein can be affected by co-treatment with fenretinide
12

Transdermal delivery of genistein as a chemoprotective drug for melanoma

Chadha, Gurkishan S. Parsons, Daniel L., Ramapuram, Jayachandra B., January 2009 (has links)
Thesis--Auburn University, 2009. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-69).
13

Investigation of the Effects of Genistein and Fenretinide on Ovarian Cancer Cells

Azadi, Behnam January 2012 (has links)
The effects of the fenretinide and genistein as single or combined drugs on ovarian cancer proliferation and viability were investigated. Hypothesis: Co-treatment with genistein will enable a lower dose of fenretinide to be effective in inhibiting the proliferation and survival of ovarian cancer cells. Methods: Low and high doses of genistein and fenretinide were tested on A2780s and A2780cp cells using trypan blue viable cell count, MTS assay. Results and conclusions: Unlike low doses of fenretinide, genistein had anti-proliferative effects on both cell lines. There were no additive or synergistic effects of the two compounds. Higher dose treatments induced anti-proliferative effects and apoptotic cell death in both A2780s and A2780cp cells, with a greater sensitivity of A2780s cells to both test compounds. Overall Conclusion: Genistein and higher doses of fenretinide similarly impair cell cycle progression and induce apoptosis. The anti-proliferative effects of genistein can be affected by co-treatment with fenretinide
14

Investigation of the pleiotrophic effects of a series of isoflavonoid analogues in hormone dependent and hormone independent breast cancer cells

Davis, Danyetta Denise 22 June 2007 (has links)
No description available.
15

Entwurf und Verwendung eines Microarrays zur Untersuchung des Genistein-Stimulons bei Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Thieme, Sebastian 08 October 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Das Bakterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum ist wie andere Rhizobien in der Lage mit Pflanzen der Familie Fabales (Leguminosen) eine Symbiose einzugehen. Im symbiontischen Zustand fixieren die Mikrosymbionten atmosphärischen, molekularen Stickstoff und stellen diesen den Pflanzen in verwertbarer Form zur Verfügung. Im Gegenzug erhalten die Bakterien von den Pflanzen verschiedene Verbindungen als Kohlenstoff- und Energiequelle. Dem geht ein komplexer Signalaustausch voraus um die gegenseitige Erkennung der Partner und die Spezies-spezifische Symbiose zu ermöglichen. Auf Seite der Bakterien erfolgt die Reaktion auf die Gegenwart pflanzlicher Signalmoleküle. In B. japonicum induziert das Flavonoid Genistein die Transkription einer Reihe von Genen. Durch die Expression der nod-Gene erfolgt eine Synthese von Lipochitooligosacchariden. Diese sogenannten Nodulationsfaktoren rufen wiederum eine Reaktion in der Wirtspflanze hervor. Um die zugrunde liegende Genexpression und deren Regulationsmechanismen zu erforschen, standen bis dato nur Methoden für die Untersuchung einzelner Gene zur Verfügung. Die erstmals 1995 publizierte Microarraytechnologie eröffnete die Möglichkeit zu einem Zeitpunkt die Gentranskription eines gesamten Organismus zu untersuchen (Schena et al. 1995). Um mit dieser Technologie die Gentranskription bei B. japonicum zu untersuchen, wurde ein auf PCR-Produkten basierender Microarray hergestellt. Grundlage für die Synthese genspezifischer PCR-Produkte war die symbiontische Region von B. japonicum und andere zu diesem Zeitpunkt bekannte Gensequenzen (Göttfert et al. 2001). Nach der 2002 erfolgten Veröffentlichung des Genoms von B. japonicum erfolgte ein Abgleich der bisher verwendeten Sequenzen mit der vollständigen Sequenzinformation (Kaneko et al. 2002a). Nach Synthese der PCR-Produkte und deren Kontrolle durch Sequenzierung erfolgte die Herstellung des Microarrays unter Einsatz eines Microarrayspotters. Geeignete Techniken der cDNA-Markierung und die Microarray-Hybridisierung wurden mit Total-RNA von B. japonicum-Kulturen ausgetestet und etabliert. Eine differentielle Expremierung war eine Stunde nach Genistein- bzw. Methanolgabe zum Kulturmedium nicht nachweisbar. Zum darauffolgenden Zeitpunkt konnte die bekannte Induktion der nod-Gene durch dass Flavonoid Genistein beobachtet werden. Diese Induktion fiel in den verbleibenden zwei Zeitpunkten stark ab. Dieser Abfall der Induktionsrate ließ sich nicht mit dem Genisteingehalt im Kulturmedium erklären, da dieser Zeitraum konstant blieb. Vier Stunden nach Genisteingabe war die Induktion der Gene nolA und nodD2, deren Produkte sind an der negativen Regulation der nod-Gene beteiligt, nachweisbar. Dies wäre eine mögliche Erklärung für den Abfall der Induktion der nod-Gene. Im gleichen untersuchten Zeitraum wurde die Transkription verschiedener Gene der Stickstofffixierung und Denitrifikation durch das Flavonoid Genistein induziert. Auch für die bekannten Regulatoren dieser Gene war eine Induktion nachweisbar. Nach bisherigen Arbeiten war die Expression dieser Gene auf mikroaerobe und anaerobe Zustände, wie z.B. dem symbiontischen Stadium, beschränkt. Eine Induktion durch Flavonoide ist bisher nicht beobachtet worden. Um die Verwendbarkeit des Microarrays auch für den symbiontischen Zustand von B. japonicum zu testen, wurden Versuche mit Wurzelknöllchen von Sojabohne (Glycine max) durchgeführt. Dafür wurden Keimlinge der Sojabohne (G. max) mit B. japonicum inokuliert und die Total-RNA der entstehenden Wurzelknöllchen isoliert. Jedoch war eine Kreuzhybridisierung mit pflanzlicher Total-RNA zu beobachten. Der auf PCR-Produkten basierende Microarray ist für die Untersuchung des symbiontischen Stadiums von B. japonicum nicht einsetzbar. Im Vergleich dazu wurde ein auf Oligomeren basierender, kommerzieller Microarray für diesen Versuch getestet. Die Kreuzhybridisierung mit pflanzlicher Total-RNA war auf die Oligomere für die 16S rDNA und 23S rDNA reduziert.
16

Breast Cancer Epigenetics: Modification by Genistein

Donovan, Micah Gerard, Donovan, Micah Gerard January 2017 (has links)
Breast cancer it is the most common type of cancer and leading cause of cancer mortality among women worldwide. Women who inherit mutations in the breast cancer 1 susceptibility gene (BRCA1) are five times more likely to develop breast cancer than women who do not. However, only ~5-10% of breast cancer cases are due to germline mutations in tumor suppressor genes. There are currently no targeted therapies available triple negative breast cancers (TNBC), which often lack BRCA1 expression. BRCA1 is epigenetically silenced by the activated aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), suggesting that dietary antagonists of the AhR may inhibit BRCA1 silencing. Genistein is an isoflavone abundant in soy foods and its high consumption levels is thought to underlie the lower prevalence of breast cancer in Asian countries compared to Western countries. The hypothesis of this work is that genistein antagonizes AhR-dependent epigenetic silencing of BRCA1. To test this hypothesis we first determined the capacity of genistein to prevent AhR-dependent silencing of BRCA1 in estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) expressing cells, with wild-type BRCA1 and inducible AhR (MCF-7). We also determined the effectiveness of genistein in reversing silencing of BRCA1 in ERα-negative cells with hypermethylated BRCA1 and constitutively active AhR (UACC-3199). The effect of genistein on BRCA1 promoter methylation and markers of cell proliferation was also determined in both cell lines.
17

Avaliação da ocorrência de fitoestrogenos de soja em efluente de estação de tratamento de esgoto, água superficial e subterrânea da cidade de Araraquara /

Cavassani, Thiago Bernardo. January 2010 (has links)
Orientador: Mary Rosa Rodrigues de Marchi / Banca: Anderson Rodrigo Moraes de Oliveira / Banca: Marcia Cristina Bisinoti / Resumo: É consenso entre cientistas do mundo inteiro que existem moléculas com o poder de alterar o funcionamento do sistema endócrino humano e de diversas espécies de animais, conhecidas atualmente como alteradores endócrinos. Dentro deste grupo de substâncias, merece destaque as isoflavonas presentes em maior abundância nos grãos de soja, principalmente a genisteína (GEN) e a daidzeína (DAID), apontadas como responsáveis por desencadear inúmeros efeitos endócrinos em espécies aquáticas. Portanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi otimizar e validar um novo método para determinação de GEN e DAID em efluente de ETE, água subterrânea, potável e de rio; aplicando o método já validado nestas matrizes na cidade de Araraquara e avaliar o comportamento sazonal destes alteradores endócrinos. O método apresentado é baseado na pré-concentração e simplificação de amostra proporcionado pelo uso de SPE aplicado a 2 litros de amostras de água de rio e subterrânea e ao volume de 1,5 litro de efluente de ETE, analisados por HPLC-UV utilizando um sistema MeOH/Água como alternativa ao uso de acetonitrila. A exatidão mostrou-se na faixa de 75 a 110%, com precisão entre 0,5 e 14 %. O LQ alcançado com o referido método foi de 6,3 e 188 ng L-1 para daidzeína e 2,17 e 187 ng L-1 para a genisteína nas matrizes de água subterrânea, superficial e efluente de ETE, respectivamente. A aplicação do método nas amostras de água subterrânea e do Ribeirão das Cruzes demostrou que as concentrações de DAID e GEN situaramse abaixo dos LD. Já para as amostras de efluente de ETE, estas moléculas foram identificados em todas as amostras coletadas, com concentrações variando entre 60-306 ng L-1 para GEN e de 76 a 288 ng L-1 para DAID. Comparando-se os dados de temperatura e pluviosidade com as concentrações destes fitoestrógenos no período amostrado, percebe-se que a temperatura... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: It is a common thought among scientists worldwide that there are molecules with the capacity of altering the functioning of the endocrine system of humans and several species of animals, currently known as endocrine modifiers. Inside this group of substances, the highlighted ones are the isoflavones more abundantly present in soybean grains, especially genistein (GEN) and daidzein (DAID), pointed as those responsible for triggering a number of endocrine effects in aquatic species. Therefore, the aim of the present work was optimize and validate a new method for the determination of GEN and DAID in an effluent of a Sewage Treatment Unit (STU), as well as subterranean, drinking and river waters, applying the method already validated in these matrixes in the city of Araraquara, and then evaluate the seasonal behavior of these endocrine modifiers. The method presented is based on the sample pre-concentration and simplification enabled by the use of SPE applied to 2 liters of samples from subterranean and river waters, and to the volume of 1.5 liter of STU effluent, analyzed through HPLC-UV using a system of MeOH/Water as an alternative to the use of acetonitrile. The accuracy was shown to be in the range of 75 to 110%, with a precision between 0.5 and 14 %. The LQ reached with the method referred was of 6.3 and 188 ng L-1 for daidzein, and 2.17 and 187 ng L-1 for genistein in the matrixes of subterranean and superficial waters, as well as STU effluent, respectively. The application of the method in the samples of subterranean water and also in that of the Cruzes stream demonstrated that the DAID and GEN are below the LD. For the samples of STU effluent, such molecules were identified in all samples collected, with concentrations ranging between 60-306 ng L-1 for GEN and 76-288 ng L-1 for DAID. Comparing the temperature and rainfall data with the concentrations of these... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
18

Estudo dos aspectos envolvidos na diferenciação induzida em linhagens celulares de osteossarcoma / Study of differentiation process in osteosarcoma cell lines

Sanches, Daniel Soares 02 April 2013 (has links)
O Osteossarcoma é o tipo mais comum de câncer ósseo em cães e em seres humanos. Os osteossarcomas caninos representam um modelo único para o estudo desse tipo de câncer em humanos, devido a incidência relativamente alta, semelhanças no comportamento biológico, na apresentação clínica e características moleculares. Estudos envolvendo o desenvolvimento do fenótipo de osteoblastos em osteócitos terminalmente diferenciados, oferecem as bases para o entendimento do curso da transformação neoplásica. Neste sentido, a rápida expansão do conhecimento a respeito do processo de diferenciação óssea, em última análise pode conduzir ao desenvolvimento de marcadores diagnóstico e prognóstico, bem como terapias dirigidas para pacientes caninos e humanos portadores deste tipo de câncer. Este estudo teve por objetivos avaliar alguns dos aspectos relacionados ao processo de diferenciação induzida de osteoblastos caninos após o tratamento com três diferentes agentes descritos como tendo possível potencial antineoplásico. Para tanto, avaliou-se, em cultura celular em três dimensões, duas linhagens de osteossarcoma após tratamento com a Arctigenina, a Genisteína e a Tricostatina-A. inicialmente, foi realizado o estabelecimento e caracterização de uma nova linhagem celular de osteossarcoma canino. Em seguida deu-se inicio aos trabalhos de avaliação dos marcadores de diferenciação por diferentes técnicas. Foram também utilizados estudos de viabilidade celular, ensaios de proliferação e morte celular induzida, assim como de invasão. Os resultados mostraram que todos os três tratamentos foram capazes de induzir diferenciação parcial nas linhagens de osteossarcoma, visto a heterogeneidade dos dados coletados, assim como, pela expressão parcial de marcadores tardios da transição osteoblasto/osteócito. Associado a isso se verificou que existe um decréscimo da viabilidade celular, porem sem ação diretamente ligada a caspase3. Notou-se ainda que mesmo com diferenças entre as linhagens, os princípios ativos foram capazes de inibir a capacidade de invasão nos ensaios de Transwell. Conclui-se, desta maneira, que os compostos utilizados induzem diferenciação parcial, porém, com efeito, antineoplásico importante. Em conjunto, estes resultados destacam a importância do processo de diferenciação, tumorigênese e terapia através da diferenciação. / Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer in dogs and humans. Due to the fact that canine osteosarcoma is similar to human osteosarcoma in its high occurrence rate, biological behavior, clinical signs and molecular characteristics, this naturally occurring canine disease represents an important model for the study of osteosarcoma in humans. Studies regarding the development of the osteoblast phenotype into terminally differentiated osteocytes provide an understanding of the neoplastic transformation in bone cancer. For this reason, further studies of bone differentiation may lead to the discovery of bone-tumorspecific markers used for disease detection and prognosis, and the development of drugtargeted therapies. The focus of this study is the process of induced bone differentiation after treatment with three different drugs that have a potential anti-neoplastic activity against osteosarcoma. Two osteosarcoma cell lines in three-dimensional culture were evaluated after being treated with Arctigenin, Genistein, and Trichostatin-A. Initially, we performed the establishment and characterization of a novel canine osteosarcoma cell line. Then the work on the evaluation of differentiation markers by different techniques has been initiated. Studies were also used for cell viability, proliferation assays and induced cell death, as well as invasion. The results showed that all three treatments were able to induce partial differentiation in osteosarcoma cell lines, since the heterogeneity of the data collected, as well as the partial expression of markers of late transition osteoblast / osteocyte. Associated with this it was found that there is reduced cell viability, but without acting directly connected to caspase3. It is further noticed that even with differences between strains, the active principles were able to inhibit the invasiveness in Transwell assay. The conclusion is thus that the partial differentiation inducing compounds used, but with important antineoplastic effect. Together, these results highlight the importance of the process of differentiation, tumorigenesis and differentiation therapy.
19

Estudo dos aspectos envolvidos na diferenciação induzida em linhagens celulares de osteossarcoma / Study of differentiation process in osteosarcoma cell lines

Daniel Soares Sanches 02 April 2013 (has links)
O Osteossarcoma é o tipo mais comum de câncer ósseo em cães e em seres humanos. Os osteossarcomas caninos representam um modelo único para o estudo desse tipo de câncer em humanos, devido a incidência relativamente alta, semelhanças no comportamento biológico, na apresentação clínica e características moleculares. Estudos envolvendo o desenvolvimento do fenótipo de osteoblastos em osteócitos terminalmente diferenciados, oferecem as bases para o entendimento do curso da transformação neoplásica. Neste sentido, a rápida expansão do conhecimento a respeito do processo de diferenciação óssea, em última análise pode conduzir ao desenvolvimento de marcadores diagnóstico e prognóstico, bem como terapias dirigidas para pacientes caninos e humanos portadores deste tipo de câncer. Este estudo teve por objetivos avaliar alguns dos aspectos relacionados ao processo de diferenciação induzida de osteoblastos caninos após o tratamento com três diferentes agentes descritos como tendo possível potencial antineoplásico. Para tanto, avaliou-se, em cultura celular em três dimensões, duas linhagens de osteossarcoma após tratamento com a Arctigenina, a Genisteína e a Tricostatina-A. inicialmente, foi realizado o estabelecimento e caracterização de uma nova linhagem celular de osteossarcoma canino. Em seguida deu-se inicio aos trabalhos de avaliação dos marcadores de diferenciação por diferentes técnicas. Foram também utilizados estudos de viabilidade celular, ensaios de proliferação e morte celular induzida, assim como de invasão. Os resultados mostraram que todos os três tratamentos foram capazes de induzir diferenciação parcial nas linhagens de osteossarcoma, visto a heterogeneidade dos dados coletados, assim como, pela expressão parcial de marcadores tardios da transição osteoblasto/osteócito. Associado a isso se verificou que existe um decréscimo da viabilidade celular, porem sem ação diretamente ligada a caspase3. Notou-se ainda que mesmo com diferenças entre as linhagens, os princípios ativos foram capazes de inibir a capacidade de invasão nos ensaios de Transwell. Conclui-se, desta maneira, que os compostos utilizados induzem diferenciação parcial, porém, com efeito, antineoplásico importante. Em conjunto, estes resultados destacam a importância do processo de diferenciação, tumorigênese e terapia através da diferenciação. / Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer in dogs and humans. Due to the fact that canine osteosarcoma is similar to human osteosarcoma in its high occurrence rate, biological behavior, clinical signs and molecular characteristics, this naturally occurring canine disease represents an important model for the study of osteosarcoma in humans. Studies regarding the development of the osteoblast phenotype into terminally differentiated osteocytes provide an understanding of the neoplastic transformation in bone cancer. For this reason, further studies of bone differentiation may lead to the discovery of bone-tumorspecific markers used for disease detection and prognosis, and the development of drugtargeted therapies. The focus of this study is the process of induced bone differentiation after treatment with three different drugs that have a potential anti-neoplastic activity against osteosarcoma. Two osteosarcoma cell lines in three-dimensional culture were evaluated after being treated with Arctigenin, Genistein, and Trichostatin-A. Initially, we performed the establishment and characterization of a novel canine osteosarcoma cell line. Then the work on the evaluation of differentiation markers by different techniques has been initiated. Studies were also used for cell viability, proliferation assays and induced cell death, as well as invasion. The results showed that all three treatments were able to induce partial differentiation in osteosarcoma cell lines, since the heterogeneity of the data collected, as well as the partial expression of markers of late transition osteoblast / osteocyte. Associated with this it was found that there is reduced cell viability, but without acting directly connected to caspase3. It is further noticed that even with differences between strains, the active principles were able to inhibit the invasiveness in Transwell assay. The conclusion is thus that the partial differentiation inducing compounds used, but with important antineoplastic effect. Together, these results highlight the importance of the process of differentiation, tumorigenesis and differentiation therapy.
20

Desenvolvimento tecnológico de nanoemulsões catiônicas contendo isoflavonóides de Glycine max (soja) visando ao tratamento do herpes

Argenta, Débora Fretes January 2015 (has links)
A atividade antiviral de compostos flavonoídicos tem sido amplamente investigada nos últimos anos. Nesse contexto, a primeira etapa da presente tese teve por objetivo avaliar a atividade anti-herpética in vitro dos principais isoflavonóides de Glycine max (soja): genisteína, daidzeína, gliciteína e cumestrol. Dentre os isoflavonóides investigados, a genisteína e o cumestrol mostraram uma interessante atividade frente aos vírus HSV-1 (cepa KOS e 29R, sensível e resistente ao aciclovir, respectivamente) e HSV-2 (cepa 333), interferindo em diferentes etapas do ciclo de replicação dos vírus. Devido à reduzida hidrossolubilidade desses isoflavonóides, foi proposta a sua incorporação em nanoemulsões de uso tópico. As formulações foram otimizadas através de um experimento fatorial completo do tipo 23 . O efeito dos fatores tipo de óleo (óleo de rícino ou miristato de isopropila), co-tensoativo iônico (oleilamina ou ácido olêico) e fosfolipídeo (DSPC ou DOPC) sobre as propriedades das nanoemulsões e a retenção da genisteína na pele de orelha suína foi investigado. Nanoemulsões compostas de miristato de isopropila/ oleilamina/DOPC apresentaram um menor diâmetro de gotícula e uma maior retenção de genisteína na pele de orelha suína enquanto que a combinação miristato de isopropila/oleilamina/DSPC mostrou o menor índice de polidispersão. A viscosidade das formulações selecionadas foi ajustada através do uso de hidroxietilcelulose visando à obtenção de produtos de uso tópico, obtendo-se hidrogéis de comportamento pseudoplástico. Na sequência, um conjunto de resultados obtidos demonstrou que a composição das formulações (especialmente o fosfolipídeo DOPC e o agente espessante hidroxietil celulose) pode influenciar a liberação e a retenção dos isoflavonóides em mucosa esofágica suína. A integridade da mucosa também desempenha um papel no aumento da permeação/retenção do cumestrol, conforme ilustrado nas imagens de microscopia confocal, utilizando vermelho do Nilo como marcador fluorescente. De maneira geral, a incorporação dos isoflavonóides nas nanoemulsões aumenta a atividade anti-herpética desses compostos in vitro. O conjunto dos resultados demonstra que as formulações desenvolvidas são potenciais carreadores de uso tópico para genisteína e cumestrol no tratamento das infecções herpéticas. / The antiviral activity of flavonoid compounds has been extensively investigated in recent years. In this context, the first step of this study was to evaluate the antiherpes activity in vitro of the main isoflavonoids of Glycine max (soybean): genistein, daidzein, glycitein and coumestrol. Among the investigated isoflavonoids, genistein and coumestrol showed interesting activity against HSV-1 (KOS and 29R strains, which are acyclovir-sensitive and acyclovir–resistant strains, respectively) and HSV-2 (333 strain), interfering at different stages of the virus replication cycle. Due to the low hydrosolubility of these isoflavonoids, their incorporation into topical nanoemulsions was proposed in this study. The formulations were optimized through a 23 full factorial design. The factors effect of oil type (castor oil or isopropyl myristate), ionic co-surfactant (oleylamine or oleic acid) and phospholipid type (DSPC or DOPC) on physicochemical properties and genistein retention into porcine ear skin was investigated. Nanoemulsions composed of isopropyl myristate/ DOPC/oleylamine showed the smaller particle size and higher genistein retention into skin, whereas the formulation composed of isopropyl myristate/DSPC/oleylamine exhibited the lower polydispersity index. The viscosity of selected formulations was adjusted with hydroxyethyl cellulose to obtain topical products, which showed nonNewtonian behavior. In sequence, a set of results showed that formulations composition (especially the phospholipid DOPC and the thickening agent hydroxyethyl cellulose) could influence the release and retention of isoflavonoids in porcine esophagus mucosa. The integrity of mucosa plays a role on the increase of coumestrol permeation/retention, according to confocal microscopy images, using Red Nile as fluorescent label. In general terms, the incorporation of isoflavonoids into nanoemulsions increases the antiherpes activity of these compounds in vitro. The overall results show that the formulations developed in this study are potential topical carriers for genistein and coumestrol in the treatment of herpes infections.

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