Certain types of spatial data maintained and distributed by counties at taxpayer expense can be used with powerful mapping and analysis software, called Geographic Information Systems (GIS), to compromise an indvidual's locational privacy. The kind of privacy at threat here is referred to as geoprivacy, which is concerned with the rights to prevent disclosure of the location of one's home, workplace, or daily activities. While the availability of accessible and accurate geospatial data has increased geoprivacy concerns in recent years, this threat remains virtually unknown to the general public. Although previous research has explored various components of the geoprivacy debate, the fragmented and localized nature of this work does not adequately address the threat on a large scale or lend itself for use in multi-level policy discussions. This thesis fills the need for a comprehensive and systematic geoprivacy study by examining county data availability in the entire state of Florida. Ultimately, the success of geoprivacy violation attempts is determined by the availability and quality of the data being used. In order to evaluate this threat,a statewide inventory of the data necessary for a reverse geocoding operation, defined here as geoprivacy data elements, was created. A specific county (Bay County) with complete data availability was then selected and its geoprivacy data elements, specifically street, parcel, and address point layers were evaluated for their reverse geocoding and subsequent identity disclosure success. These findings were then compared with the results of the statewide inventory to determine the level of exposure that the state's residents are subjected to, based on their county's data offerings. The statewide data inventory indicated substantial variation in county availability, quality, and delivery methods of the desired geoprivacy data elements. The results of the reverse geocoding operation performed with Bay County's geoprivacy data elements revealed that both property parcels and address points in conjunction with ownership information have a high rate of identity disclosure success. Geocodable streets were found to have a low rate of identity disclosure success and their results were comparable to a non-county maintained street layer that was used for control purposes. Although the street layers had a low rate of identity disclosure success, they could be used to identify a narrow range of address possibilities and still pose a geoprivacy threat. Forty-two counties in which approximately 13 million people reside make parcel data with ownership information available for free or purchase. Given the high success rate of the parcel data to disclose individual identity, this research suggests that the majority of the state's residents are vulnerable to potential geoprivacy violations.

This thesis investigated the links between public transport use and sociodemographic and land use factors. A dataset of address information about regular bus smartcard users was sourced. These addresses were geocoded using Geographical Information Systems, and the address points derived through this process were used to calculate the percentage of regular bus users in Census meshblock spatial areas. This percentage was then compared to a number of different factors, including deprivation levels (a measure of sociodemographic status), average distance to the nearest bus stop and bus route, and a number of variables from the New Zealand Census of Population and Dwellings, using a number of forms of analysis. The number of cardholders in different residential zonings was assessed, along with the average number of trips taken per day by cardholders. Results indicate that there was a relationship between the regular Metrocard users and deprivation, and regular Metrocard users and land use, however the statistical validity of these relationships was low. Principal component analysis and regression analysis were carried out to assess what variables best explained the proportion of bus use. It was found that the presence of International Students in an area accounted for the biggest variation in the levels of bus use, along with people who were Unemployed and of Maori or Pacific ethnicity, and people who have limited access to vehicles. However, the statistical validity of these results was again low.

Energy has been at the top of the national and global political agenda along with other

There are many map providers on the market today. Anyone who wishes to use a licensed map-service in an application has to pay a license fee. This fee can become a big expense and affect the price that the end costumer has to pay.This thesis has investigated in how to set up and improve an open source geocoding service for it to measure against a licensed map-service. Geocoding is the technique of having an input address and returning a position which consists of a latitude and a longitude coordinate. The investigation has been done by implementing an open source solution as a proof of concept with the goal to answer the question to which extent is it feasible to develop an open source geocoding service to be as fast accurate and complete as a licensed map service.The open source solution has been developed in collaboration with TaxiCaller Nordic AB. In the implementation the Pelias project has been used as a geocoder together with map data from the datasets of OpenStreetMap and Who’s On First and Elasticsearch as the search engine. The work is based on functional, data and performance requirements set by TaxiCaller.The evaluation has shown that most of the requirements set for this work are achieved with the implemented open source geocoding service solution. Examples of these requirements are correctness of the search results and that the address, street, venue or intersection in the search results should be fully specified.The functional requirement to convert an intersection to coordinates is not achieved when the intersection can not be uniquely identified. The performance requirement to search for a venue is not. Also, the data requirement that the postal code in the search results should be fully specified is not achieved.Sometimes but not always a licensed map-service can provide better data. / 目前市场上有许多地图提供商。任何希望在应用程序中使用许可地图服务的人都必须支付许可费。这笔费用可能会成为一笔巨大的费用，并影响最终客户必须支付的价格。 本文研究了如何建立和改进开源地理编码服务，以便对许可的地图服务进行测量。地理编码是具有输入地址并返回由纬度和经度坐标组成的位置的技术。调查是通过实施开源解决方案作为概念证明来完成的，其目的是回答开发开源地理编码服务的可行程度，以及与许可地图服务一样快速准确和完整的问题。 开源解决方案是与TaxiCaller Nordic AB合作开发的。在实现中，Pelias项目已被用作地理编码器以及来自OpenStreetMap和Who's On First以及Elasticsearch数据集的地图数据作为搜索引擎。这项工作基于TaxiCaller设定的功能，数据和性能要求。 评估表明，通过实施的开源地理编码服务解决方案，可以实现为此项工作设置的大部分要求。这些要求的示例是搜索结果的正确性，并且应完全指定搜索结果中的地址，街道，地点或交叉点。 当无法唯一地识别交叉点时，不能实现将交叉点转换为坐标的功能要求。搜索场地的性能要求不是。此外，未实现搜索结果中的邮政编码应完全指定的数据要求。 有时但并非总是获得许可的地图服务可以提供更好的数据。

No description available.

No description available.

<p>As a result of Web 2.0 technologies such as Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (Ajax) web-based applications with rich contents are evolving to be more and more like normal applications in aspects, such as interactivity, functionality, and usability. This evolvement makes it possible to create web-based services, providing maps for users to search and browse geographic information. This thesis is an evaluation of functionality, usability and accuracy for the four web-based map APIs: Google Maps, Microsoft Virtual Earth, Multimap and ViaMichelin.</p><p>The thesis explains how web-based mapping works, common functionality provided, and evaluates the functionality provided by each map service provider as well as the offered usability. In addition to this, it also includes the results of several tests, illustrating the APIs’ browser compatibility, performance and accuracy.</p><p>After testing and evaluation of the four APIs, the conclusion is that none of them can be appointed as the winner. They all have benefits and drawbacks; differences in terms of functionality, compatibility, usability, geocoding and development support, and the choice of API is consequently dependent of the type of application. As a result of this, and the fact that the APIs are constantly changing in terms of functionality and coverage, it is important to create applications independent of the map service provider. This was successfully done during the internship at Amadeus by creating a map abstraction layer in-between the applications and the maps, creating the possibility to switch API, or map service provider, without changed the code.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:49:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-01-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work is a proposal of an ecological and economical zoning (ZEE Zoneamento Ecológico Econômico, in Portuguese) for the Environmental Protection Area (APA Área de Proteção Ambiental, in Portuguese) (both categories used by IBAMA, the Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Natural Resources) at Tambaba on the littoral of Paraíba state. The APA of Tambaba is located in the Microregion of the Paraiban southern littoral, in the Mesoregion known as Mata Paraibana (Paraiban woods), in the municipalities of Conde, Pitimbu, and Alhandra. The area is delimited by the watersheds of the stream Caboclo and of the rivers Bucatu, Graú, and Mucatu, which form a drainage basin covering a total area of 114.46 km2. The present ZEE was generated by a model where it is considered the interdependence among the components and phenomena of the geographical space, where several aspects are Tambaba APA s territory is divided into two large zones: the Preservation and the Restoration zones integrated and analysed. In this context, it is necessary to employ technologies that make possible to handle a large amount of data, organized in a way that different interactions may be performed by a combination of social and physical attributes of local environment. The methodology consists on assigning weighted values to evaluate the Human, Productive, Institutional, and Natural Potential aiming the estimation of the social potential of the municipalities that make part of the APA. It was also evaluated local vulnerability with respect to themes related to Geology, Geomorphology (sloping surfaces), Pedology, Climate, and Vegetation/current use of soil according to the ecodynamics theory. Then, the vulnerability values assigned to each theme were integrated by using mathematical formulation which generates a map of vulnerability of the physical environment by employing techniques from geocoding process. In order to obtain a synthesized map of the ZEE, the maps related to the social potentiality and physical vulnerability are integrated, resulting in five use zones, namely: Expansion, Consolidation, Preservation, Restoration, and Institutional Use. This methodology generated the following results: the expansion areas are characterized by low potentiality and low vulnerability (stable) and correspond to top areas totalling 2.32 km2 (2.02% of the APA s area), being more easily found on top sites on the right bank of the Graú River separating the drainage basins of the rivers Graú and Mucatu; the consolidation areas are characterized by high potentiality and low vulnerability (stable), which corresponds to top areas totalling 6.57 km2 (5.74% of the APA s area), being more evident in the BTUs basic territorial units (UTB Unidade Territorial Básica, in Portuguese) at the plain tops that separate the watersheds of the rivers Graú and Bucatu and of the stream Caboclo; the preservation areas presented the highest degree of vulnerability and low potentiality, covering a total area of 32.11 km2, being located in the BTUs to southern of the Tambaba s APA on the right bank of the low and middle course of the Graú River and in the whole hydrologic basin of the Mucatu River, contiguous to the expansion areas; the restoration areas with high vulnerability cover 46.32 km2 and are located north- and westward of the APA, contiguous to the consolidation areas; and finally, the areas related to Institutional use are those protected by the Federal government s, Paraíba state s and municipality s legislations, which represent 23.71% (27.14 km2) of the whole area of the Tambaba s APA. It is noteworthy the urgent need for an effective control of activities carried out in the APA s territory, since the median social potentiality and stability and the moderate instability of the physical environment presented throughout the majority of its territory, propitiate a critical situation, as the / O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta de Zoneamento Ecológico Econômico - ZEE para a Área de Proteção Ambiental APA Estadual de Tambaba. A APA de Tambaba está localizada na Microrregião do Litoral Sul Paraibano e na Mesorregião da Mata Paraibana, abrange os municípios do Conde, Pitimbu e Alhandra. Está delimitada pelos divisores naturais do riacho Caboclo e dos rios Bucatu, Graú e Mucatu que drenam a região, ocupando uma área de 114,46 Km². O presente ZEE foi produzido a partir de um modelo que considera as interdependências entre os elementos e fenômenos do espaço geográfico, onde diversos aspectos são integrados e analisados. Neste contexto, são necessárias tecnologias que permitam o manuseio de uma grande quantidade de dados, organizados de forma que diferentes interações sejam realizadas, combinando atributos sociais e do meio físico. A metodologia consiste na atribuição de valores ponderados para se avaliar o Potencial Humano, Produtivo, Institucional e Natural objetivando estimar a potencialidade social dos municípios abrangidos pelo território da APA. Também é avaliada a vulnerabilidade local com respeito aos temas Geologia, Geomorfologia (declividade), Pedologia, Clima e Vegetação/uso atual do solo de acordo com a teoria da ecodinâmica. Em seguida os valores de vulnerabilidade para cada tema são integrados utilizando-se de uma formulação matemática, gerando o mapa de vulnerabilidade do meio físico com a utilização de técnicas de geoprocessamento. Para se obter o mapa síntese do ZEE são integrados os mapas de potencialidade social e vulnerabilidade física obtendo-se cinco zonas de uso: Expansão, Consolidação, Preservação,Recuperação e Uso Institucional. Com a aplicação dessa metodologia na área de estudo foram obtidos os seguintes resultados: as áreas de expansão caracterizam-se por baixa potencialidade e baixa vulnerabilidade (estáveis) e correspondem às áreas de topo com 2,32Km² (2,02% da área da APA), sendo mais evidentes nos topos da margem direita do rio Graú que dividem as bacias hidrográficas do rio Graú e Mucatú; as áreas de consolidação caracterizam-se por alta potencialidade e baixa vulnerabilidade (estáveis), correspondendo às áreas de topo, com 6,57Km² (5,74% da área da APA), sendo mais evidentes nas UTB s (Unidades Territoriais Básicas) dos topos planos que dividem as bacias hidrográficas do rio Graú, Bucatu e do Riacho Caboclo; as áreas de preservação possuem maior grau de vulnerabilidade e baixa potencialidade, ocupam 32,11Km² e estão localizadas nas UTB s ao Sul da APA de Tambaba na margem direita do baixo e médio curso do rio Graú e em toda bacia hidrográfica do rio Mucatú contíguas às áreas de expansão; as áreas de recuperação com elevada vulnerabilidade ocupam 46,32 Km² e estão localizadas ao norte e a oeste da APA contíguas as áreas de consolidação; e por fim as áreas de uso institucional são aquelas protegidas por legislação federal, estadual e municipal, representam 23,71% (27,14Km²) da área da APA de Tambaba. Ressalta-se a extrema necessidade de um controle efetivo das atividades desenvolvidas no território da APA, visto que a média potencialidade social, a média estabilidade e moderada instabilidade do meio físico apresentada em grande parte de seu território, condicionam uma situação preocupante dividindo o território da APA de Tambaba em duas grandes zonas: a de Preservação e a de Recuperação

As a result of Web 2.0 technologies such as Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (Ajax) web-based applications with rich contents are evolving to be more and more like normal applications in aspects, such as interactivity, functionality, and usability. This evolvement makes it possible to create web-based services, providing maps for users to search and browse geographic information. This thesis is an evaluation of functionality, usability and accuracy for the four web-based map APIs: Google Maps, Microsoft Virtual Earth, Multimap and ViaMichelin. The thesis explains how web-based mapping works, common functionality provided, and evaluates the functionality provided by each map service provider as well as the offered usability. In addition to this, it also includes the results of several tests, illustrating the APIs’ browser compatibility, performance and accuracy. After testing and evaluation of the four APIs, the conclusion is that none of them can be appointed as the winner. They all have benefits and drawbacks; differences in terms of functionality, compatibility, usability, geocoding and development support, and the choice of API is consequently dependent of the type of application. As a result of this, and the fact that the APIs are constantly changing in terms of functionality and coverage, it is important to create applications independent of the map service provider. This was successfully done during the internship at Amadeus by creating a map abstraction layer in-between the applications and the maps, creating the possibility to switch API, or map service provider, without changed the code.

The diploma thesis is focused on transformation of linked data and opportunities for componentization of extract, transform, load process resulting in reusability of such components. UnifiedViews serves as a framework for demonstration of implementa-tion of selected components. Initial review of related fields of study, relational data oriented ETL and linked data quality management being most prominent, is followed by bottom-up analysis of existing extractors and transformations. Identified common transformations are supplemented by operations known from transformations of relational data. Options and limits of each component candidate are discussed as well as possible cooperation with other components. The next section discusses supported ways of implementation in the selected environment and provides a list of key questions for decision making process is provided. The last part describes implementation of selected components with respect to the approach suggested in the preceding section. Practical use as well as limitations of the implemented components are demonstrated on tasks transforming public contracts datasets.