<p>In this thesis the Dublin City Development Plan 2005-2011 has been critically assessed in order to establish how well sustainability aspects have been considered. For this purpose, policy documents of sustainable development at international, national, regional, and local levels have been studied in order to compare their objectives with the objectives set out in the Dublin City Development Plan 2005-2011. It was found that the Dublin City Development Plan 2005-2011 contains serious, highly positive intentions regarding sustainable development. The Dublin City Development Plan 2005-2011 has shown that it understands the importance of sustainability and it is in agreement with the policy objectives set out by the policy documents at international, national, regional, and local level. However, it was concluded that the Dublin City Development Plan 2005-2011 is not delving into the subject deep enough. Specificplans, strategies and targets for how to reach sustainable development are for the most part missing. In conclusion, the thesis has provided recommendations for the next version of the Dublin City Development Plan.</p>

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Bagamoyo District, in the Pwani region in Tanzania, supplies a large part of Tanzania'sbiggest city, Dar es Salaam, with water. At the same time many people in rural villages in thedistrict do not have access to clean and safe water. This thesis aims to explore what limitationsthere are to improvement of the rural water supply in Bagamoyo District. Specific attention ispaid to the organizational structure of the water sector and how roles and responsibilities aredivided, defined and communicated among the actors. A field study in the area was conductedto gather information on the water supply of today, the organization of the water sector andperceived limitations to improvement, from end users and actors working with water in thedistrict. The field study included meeting actors on national, district and community level. Amore in depth account of the present rural water supply situation was appraised with casestudies performed in three villages in the district: Mtoni, Fukayosi and Kongo. The resultshave been grouped into three categories of limitation: 1) money, time &amp; material resources; 2)knowledge &amp; skills; 3) organization &amp; leadership. Although most actors found the lack offinancial capacity and availability of funds as well as knowledge and skills to be a greatlimitation to the improvement of the water supply, the most important conclusion this studydraws concerns limitations in the organizational structure of the water sector. Due to a recentdecentralization reform, more responsibility has been given to local government andcommunity, but without enough capacity building measures these actors have had difficultiesrealizing their new roles. In addition, when external actors do not seem to have adapted to thedecentralized structure of the reformed water sector, there is confusion as to who ought to beleading the way in the development of the rural water supply.

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This study is intended to give an impartial view of a young and complex program in Sweden titled Product Innovation Engineering program. The purpose of this program is to increase innovation capability in Sweden that will result in new companies, patents and economic growth. The results from this study might give some direction to future innovation initiatives, but should primarily serve as a tool for the PIEp participants. The study will focus on investigating the creation of the program as well as the development of its strategy. From weaknesses and strengths within the strategy of the program the study should also attempt to show its future potential. From interviews with PIEp participants along with documents from the PIEp archives five critical aspects finally were identified; size, commitment, movement, resources and visibility. These aspects were important at the founding of the program and are as well important for its future development.

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