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Ανάπτυξη μεθόδου πεπερασμένων στοιχείων για την επίλυση της σύζευξης μη γραμμικής συμπεριφοράς ευφυών πλακών και κελυφών με πιεζοηλεκτρικά στοιχείαΒαρέλης, Δημήτρης 25 June 2007 (has links)
Περίληψη Σκοπός της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η διατύπωση µοντέλων µηχανικής και η ανάπτυξη µεθοδολογίας πεπερασµένων στοιχείων, για τηv αριθµητική επίλυση τoυ προβλήµατος της συζευγµένης µη-γραµµικής απόκρισης πιεζοηλεκτρικών κελυφών και πλακών µε εµφυτευµένα πιεζοηλεκτρικά στοιχεία. Η ανάπτυξη της παρούσας µεθόδου στηρίχθηκε σε θεωρίες µεσοµηχανικής για τη ανάλυση στρωµατοποιηµένων πιεζοηλεκτρικών κελυφών και κατά επέκταση πλακών και δοκών. Πιο συγκεκριµένα διατυπώνονται σε επίπεδο στρώσης, οι καταστατικές εξισώσεις του ηλεκτροµηχανικού πεδίου, οι εξισώσεις συµβιβαστού των παραµορφώσεων-µετατοπίσεων, που εµπεριέχουν την γεωµετρική µη γραµµικότητα, καθώς και οι γενικευµένες εξισώσεις κίνησης (εξισώσεις ισορροπίας των τάσεων στο µηχανικό και διατήρησης ηλεκτρικού φορτίου στο ηλεκτρικό πεδίο). Στη συνέχεια δύναται να γραφούν οι παραπάνω εξισώσεις κίνησης σε ολοκληρωτική µορφή, µε την βοήθεια της αρχής των φανταστικών µετατοπίσεων, ώστε να ισχύουν για ολόκληρη την πιεζοηλεκτρική πολύστρωτη δοµή. Τα παραπάνω ολοκληρώµατα όγκου υποβιβάζονται σε ολοκληρώµατα επιφάνειας µε την εισαγωγή των κινηµατικών υποθέσεων για τις ελαστικές και ηλεκτρικές µεταβλητές κατάστασης. Για την επίλυση των παραπάνω συζευγµένων µη γραµµικών ολοκληρωτικών εξισώσεων αναπτύχθηκε µέθοδος πεπερασµένων στοιχείων. ∆υο 8-κοµβα συζευγµένα µη γραµµικά ισοπαραµετρικά πεπερασµένα στοιχεία κελύφους και πλάκας αναπτύσσονται. Στο εσωτερικό των στοιχειών το παραµορφωσιακό πεδίο προσεγγίζεται µε πολυώνυµικές εξισώσεις δευτέρου βαθµού, που ονοµάζονται συναρτήσεις µορφής. Με την βοήθεια των συναρτήσεων µορφής προκύπτουν οι συζευγµένες µη γραµµικές εξισώσεις σε µητρωική µορφή, και λόγω του ότι εξαρτώνται από τη λύση δεν µπορούν να λυθούν απευθείας αλλά χρησιµοποιείται µια σταδιακή- επαναληπτική µέθοδος βασισµένη στη Newton-Raphson τεχνική. Αφού πραγµατοποιηθεί η σύνθεση των ολικών µητρώων, εφαρµοστούν οι µηχανικές και ηλεκτρικές συνοριακές συνθήκες τελικά επιλύονται οι προκύπτουσες γραµµικοποιηµένες συζευγµένες εξισώσεις σε κάθε επανάληψη εως ότου επιτευχθεί σύγκλιση της λύσης. Σε κάθε επανάληψη υπολογίζονται ταπραγµατικά και εφαπτοµενικά µη γραµµικά µητρώα καθώς επίσης και τα διανύσµατα ανισορροπίας µεταξύ των εξωτερικών και εσωτερικών δυνάµεων και ηλεκτρικών φορτίων. Τα µη γραµµικά ελαστικά και πιεζοηλεκτρικά µητρώα, που εµπεριέχουν τη γεωµετρική µη γραµµικότητα, καθώς και τα γραµµικά επιλύονται αριθµητικά µε τη µέθοδο Gauss. Η παρούσα µέθοδος µπορεί να εφαρµοστεί για τη διερεύνηση και αριθµητική επίλυση µιας σειράς προβληµάτων ευφυών πιεζοηλεκτρικών κατασκευών, όπου η γεωµετρική µη γραµµικότητα (µεγάλες µετατοπίσεις και περιστροφές σε σχέση µε το πάχος, αλλά µικρές παραµορφώσεις) παίζει σηµαντικό ή πρωτεύοντα ρόλο, µε ιδιαίτερη έµφαση στα εξής προβλήµατα: Μοντελοποίηση ευφυών κατασκευών υπό µεγάλη κάµψη. Εφαρµογές σε κατασκευές, στις οποίες επιδιώκονται µεγάλες αλλαγές στο σχήµα τους µέσω µεγάλων ενεργών µετατοπίσεων και περιστροφών, υπό την επιβολή ηλεκτρικού πεδίου στους πιεζοηλεκτρικούς διεγέρτες (morphing structures) . Πρόβλεψη κρίσιµων επίπεδων µηχανικών δυνάµεων και ηλεκτρικών τάσεων λυγισµού, οι οποίες µπορεί να οδηγήσουν τις ευφυείς πλάκες και τα κελύφη σε συνθήκες λυγισµού και απώλειας ευστάθειας. Πρόβλεψη και προσοµοίωση του λυγισµού και µετα-λυγισµού σε panel αεροναυπηγικών κατασκευών, µέσω παρακολούθησης της µεταβολής των φυσικών συχνοτήτων της κατασκευής ή της αναπτυσσόµενης ηλεκτρικής τάσης στους πιεζοηλεκτρικούς αισθητήρες. Την ενεργή µεταβολή της δυσκαµψίας (αύξηση ή µείωση) ευφυών κατασκευών µε την επιβολή κατάλληλου ηλεκτρικού δυναµικού στους πιεζοηλεκτρικούς διεγέρτες. Πρόβλεψη της µετάβασης των πιεζοηλεκτρικών κελυφών από τη µια θέση ισορροπίας σε άλλη (snap-through), υπό την επιβολή µηχανικού φορτίου ή πιεζοηλεκτρικής καµπτικής ροπής µέσω των πιεζοηλεκτρικών διεγερτών.πραγµατικά και εφαπτοµενικά µη γραµµικά µητρώα καθώς επίσης και τα διανύσµατα ανισορροπίας µεταξύ των εξωτερικών και εσωτερικών δυνάµεων και ηλεκτρικών φορτίων. Τα µη γραµµικά ελαστικά και πιεζοηλεκτρικά µητρώα, που εµπεριέχουν τη γεωµετρική µη γραµµικότητα, καθώς και τα γραµµικά επιλύονται αριθµητικά µε τη µέθοδο Gauss. Η παρούσα µέθοδος µπορεί να εφαρµοστεί για τη διερεύνηση και αριθµητική επίλυση µιας σειράς προβληµάτων ευφυών πιεζοηλεκτρικών κατασκευών, όπου η γεωµετρική µη γραµµικότητα (µεγάλες µετατοπίσεις και περιστροφές σε σχέση µε το πάχος, αλλά µικρές παραµορφώσεις) παίζει σηµαντικό ή πρωτεύοντα ρόλο, µε ιδιαίτερη έµφαση στα εξής προβλήµατα: Μοντελοποίηση ευφυών κατασκευών υπό µεγάλη κάµψη. Εφαρµογές σε κατασκευές, στις οποίες επιδιώκονται µεγάλες αλλαγές στο σχήµα τους µέσω µεγάλων ενεργών µετατοπίσεων και περιστροφών, υπό την επιβολή ηλεκτρικού πεδίου στους πιεζοηλεκτρικούς διεγέρτες (morphing structures) . Πρόβλεψη κρίσιµων επίπεδων µηχανικών δυνάµεων και ηλεκτρικών τάσεων λυγισµού, οι οποίες µπορεί να οδηγήσουν τις ευφυείς πλάκες και τα κελύφη σε συνθήκες λυγισµού και απώλειας ευστάθειας. Πρόβλεψη και προσοµοίωση του λυγισµού και µετα-λυγισµού σε panel αεροναυπηγικών κατασκευών, µέσω παρακολούθησης της µεταβολής των φυσικών συχνοτήτων της κατασκευής ή της αναπτυσσόµενης ηλεκτρικής τάσης στους πιεζοηλεκτρικούς αισθητήρες. Την ενεργή µεταβολή της δυσκαµψίας (αύξηση ή µείωση) ευφυών κατασκευών µε την επιβολή κατάλληλου ηλεκτρικού δυναµικού στους πιεζοηλεκτρικούς διεγέρτες. Πρόβλεψη της µετάβασης των πιεζοηλεκτρικών κελυφών από τη µια θέση ισορροπίας σε άλλη (snap-through), υπό την επιβολή µηχανικού φορτίου ή πιεζοηλεκτρικής καµπτικής ροπής µέσω των πιεζοηλεκτρικών διεγερτών.πραγµατικά και εφαπτοµενικά µη γραµµικά µητρώα καθώς επίσης και τα διανύσµατα ανισορροπίας µεταξύ των εξωτερικών και εσωτερικών δυνάµεων και ηλεκτρικών φορτίων. Τα µη γραµµικά ελαστικά και πιεζοηλεκτρικά µητρώα, που εµπεριέχουν τη γεωµετρική µη γραµµικότητα, καθώς και τα γραµµικά επιλύονται αριθµητικά µε τη µέθοδο Gauss. Η παρούσα µέθοδος µπορεί να εφαρµοστεί για τη διερεύνηση και αριθµητική επίλυση µιας σειράς προβληµάτων ευφυών πιεζοηλεκτρικών κατασκευών, όπου η γεωµετρική µη γραµµικότητα (µεγάλες µετατοπίσεις και περιστροφές σε σχέση µε το πάχος, αλλά µικρές παραµορφώσεις) παίζει σηµαντικό ή πρωτεύοντα ρόλο, µε ιδιαίτερη έµφαση στα εξής προβλήµατα: Μοντελοποίηση ευφυών κατασκευών υπό µεγάλη κάµψη. Εφαρµογές σε κατασκευές, στις οποίες επιδιώκονται µεγάλες αλλαγές στο σχήµα τους µέσω µεγάλων ενεργών µετατοπίσεων και περιστροφών, υπό την επιβολή ηλεκτρικού πεδίου στους πιεζοηλεκτρικούς διεγέρτες (morphing structures) . Πρόβλεψη κρίσιµων επίπεδων µηχανικών δυνάµεων και ηλεκτρικών τάσεων λυγισµού, οι οποίες µπορεί να οδηγήσουν τις ευφυείς πλάκες και τα κελύφη σε συνθήκες λυγισµού και απώλειας ευστάθειας. Πρόβλεψη και προσοµοίωση του λυγισµού και µετα-λυγισµού σε panel αεροναυπηγικών κατασκευών, µέσω παρακολούθησης της µεταβολής των φυσικών συχνοτήτων της κατασκευής ή της αναπτυσσόµενης ηλεκτρικής τάσης στους πιεζοηλεκτρικούς αισθητήρες. Την ενεργή µεταβολή της δυσκαµψίας (αύξηση ή µείωση) ευφυών κατασκευών µε την επιβολή κατάλληλου ηλεκτρικού δυναµικού στους πιεζοηλεκτρικούς διεγέρτες. Πρόβλεψη της µετάβασης των πιεζοηλεκτρικών κελυφών από τη µια θέση ισορροπίας σε άλλη (snap-through), υπό την επιβολή µηχανικού φορτίου ή πιεζοηλεκτρικής καµπτικής ροπής µέσω των πιεζοηλεκτρικών διεγερτών. / -
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An?lise n?o-linear de treli?as pelo m?todo dos elementos finitos posicional / Nonlinear analysis of trusses using the positional finite element methodLacerda, Est?fane George Macedo de 28 February 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:48:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
EstefaneGML_DISSERT.pdf: 1743429 bytes, checksum: 278db485c2938a47ce6dc5f0b6962c1f (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / This work presents the positional nonlinear geometric formulation for trusses using different
strain measures. The positional formulation presents an alternative approach for nonlinear problems.
This formulation considers nodal positions as variables of the nonlinear system instead
of displacements (widely found in literature). The work also describes the arc-length method
used for tracing equilibrium paths with snap-through and snap-back. Numerical applications for
trusses already established in the literature and comparisons with other studies are provided
to prove the accuracy of the proposed formulation / Este trabalho apresenta a formula??o posicional n?o linear geom?trica para treli?as usando
diferentes medidas de deforma??o. A formula??o posicional ? uma abordagem alternativa
para problemas n?o lineares. Essa formula??o considera as posi??es nodais como vari?veis
do sistema n?o linear em vez dos deslocamentos (que ? largamente utilizado na literatura). O
trabalho tamb?m descreve o m?todo do comprimento de arco, usado para tra?ar caminhos de
equil?brio com snap-through e snap-back. Aplica??es num?ricas com treli?as j? consagradas
na literatura e compara??es com outros trabalhos s?o fornecidos para provar a acur?cia da
formula??o proposta
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Análise estrutural de edifícios pré-moldados levando em consideração a semi-rigidez das ligações viga-pilar e as não linearidades físicas e geométricas avaliadas por métodos aproximados / Comportamento estrutural de pórticos planos formados por elementos pré-moldados levando-se em consideração a semi-rigidez das ligações e as não-linearidades física e geométrica / Structural behavior of plans frames formed in pré-cast elements considering the semi-rigidity of the connections and nonlinearities physical and geometricAlmeida, Hevânio Duarte de 17 December 2014 (has links)
The plane frame formed by precast elements have been increasingly used in structural systems of buildings throughout Brazil. These frames, as most of the precast structures deformable connections have a greater or lesser degree. The aim of this study is to analyze the structural behavior of portal frames composed of precast reinforced concrete taking into account the variation in the stiffness of the connections and the physical and geometric nonlinearity evaluated by approximate methods. The analysis of geometric nonlinearity was taken through the process P- and physical nonlinearity was checked by the Branson method. For the analysis of material and geometric nonlinearity simultaneously proposed a coupling of the two methods mentioned above. The proposed coupling was tested in a case study of a building with four floors, considering the loads recommended by NBR 6118 (ABNT, 2014) and evaluating the influence on the stiffness of two beam-column connection types. The results show an increase in the displaceability of the structure more deformable links analyzed five times at the most critical situation is compared with the evaluated frames with more rigid links. The structures analyzed taking into account the nonlinearities present in the internal structural strain variations of up to 162% compared with the linear analysis. Therefore it can be stated that the determination of the stiffness of the connections and the consideration of nonlinearities directly influenced the behavior of the efforts that will act in the structure, and therefore the structural analysis and design of the components of the same. / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os pórticos planos formados por elementos pré-moldados vêm sendo cada vez mais utilizados em sistemas estruturais de edifícios em todo Brasil. Esses pórticos, como a maior parte das estruturas pré-moldadas, apresentam ligações deformáveis em maior ou menor grau. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é analisar o comportamento estrutural de pórticos planos formados por elementos pré-moldados de concreto armado levando em consideração a variação na rigidez das ligações e as não-linearidade física e geométrica avaliadas por métodos aproximados. A análise da não-linearidade geométrica foi feita através do processo P- e a não-linearidade física foi verificada através do método de Branson. Para a análise das não-linearidades física e geométrica de maneira simultânea foi proposto um acoplamento dos dois métodos citados anteriormente. O acoplamento proposto foi testado em um estudo de caso de um edifício com quatro pavimentos, considerando-se os carregamentos recomendados pelas normas brasileiras e avaliando-se a influência na rigidez de duas tipologias de ligação viga-pilar. Os resultados obtidos mostram um aumento na deslocabilidade da estrutura analisada com ligações mais deformáveis de cinco vezes na situação mais crítica se comparado com os pórticos avaliados com ligações mais rígidas . As estruturas analisadas levando em consideração as não-linearidades apresentaram variações nos esforços internos solicitantes de até 162% se comparadas com a análise linear. Portanto pode-se afirmar que a determinação da rigidez das ligações e a consideração das não-linearidades influem diretamente no comportamento dos esforços que irão atuar na estrutura e por consequência, na análise estrutural e dimensionamento dos elementos que compõem a mesma.
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Statická analýza textilních konstrukcí / Static Analysis of Textile StructuresHusáriková, Natália January 2017 (has links)
This work deals with the design and calculation of membrane structure for shelter placed above selected ground plan. The hyperbolic paraboloid was chosen as most optimal shape. Subsequently, three different sub-studies were conducted. In the first study, influence of mesh density on a finite element calculation model was studied. Second study deal with the effect of the geometry changes of the computational model. In the third study, deformations and tensions of membrane structure in relation to material formation calculation model was studied. For the static solution of those selected variant, structural analysis software RFEM and RF-FORM-FINDING add-on module was used. Geometric nonlinear solution was applied in the calculation.
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[en] EDUCATIONAL TOOL FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PLANE FRAME MODELS WITH GEOMETRIC NONLINEARITY / [pt] FERRAMENTA EDUCACIONAL PARA ANÁLISE ESTRUTURAL DE MODELOS DE PÓRTICOS PLANOSRAFAEL LOPEZ RANGEL 06 May 2020 (has links)
[pt] A análise não linear de estruturas é uma tarefa de grande importância na execução de projetos eficientes e seguros, permitindo a economia de recursos materiais, ao tempo que se identifica efeitos de segunda ordem no comportamento do modelo que podem vir a ter consequências significativas. Esse tipo de análise é realizado através de algoritmos numéricos iterativos, e a visualização de resultados gráficos é essencial para auxiliar a interpretação do analista. Por isso, a análise não linear só se tornou recorrente com o advento de aplicações computacionais gráfico-iterativas. Porém, diferentemente de uma análise linear-elástica, em que os resultados fornecidos pelo programa pouco dependem do conhecimento do usuário sobre os métodos de solução, a análise não linear requer uma série de parâmetros de entrada relacionados aos métodos numéricos e, portanto, exige um conhecimento básico por parte do usuário sobre os algoritmos de solução e comportamento do modelo. Tendo isso em vista, este trabalho busca desenvolver uma ferramenta computacional de fácil uso e com uma interface gráfica simples, porém com um solver robusto, para auxiliar a aprendizagem da análise geometricamente não linear de modelos aporticados bidimensionais. Para isso o programa de análise estrutural Ftool, consagrado na comunidade de Engenharia Civil e no meio acadêmico, foi adotado para receber os novos recursos para executar a análise com não linearidade geométrica. Na nova versão do Ftool, os usuários têm a oportunidade de utilizar e testar diversas técnicas de solução do sistema não linear de equilíbrio do modelo, descritas nesse trabalho. A forma como a análise é executada permite um controle total do usuário sobre o progresso da análise. Além disso, resultados em forma de gráficos podem ser estudados no novo ambiente de plotagem do programa. / [en] Nonlinear analysis of structures is an important task for efficient and safe projects, allowing the saving of material resources and the identification of second-order effects on the behavior of structural models that may have significant consequences. This type of analysis is performed with iterative numerical algorithms, and visualization of graphic results is essential to auxiliary the interpretation of the analyst. For this reason, nonlinear analyses only became common with the advent of graphical-interactive computational applications. However, unlike a linear-elastic analysis, where the results provided by the program depend very little on the users knowledge about the solution methods, a nonlinear analysis requires a series of input parameters related to the numerical methods and thus demands a basic understanding about the solution algorithms and nonlinear structural behavior. With this in mind, this work aims to develop a user-friendly computational tool with a simple graphical interface, but with a robust solver, to assist the learning of geometrically nonlinear analysis of two-dimensional frame models. The structural analysis software Ftool, largely used by the Civil Engineering community and academia, was adopted to receive the new features to perform geometrically nonlinear analyses. In the new version of the Ftool program, students, engineers and researchers have the opportunity to use and test various solution techniques of the nonlinear system of equilibrium equations, which are described in detail throughout this work. The way the nonlinear analysis is performed allows for a full control by users over the progress of the analysis. In addition, graph results can be studied in the new plotting environment of the program.
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Návrh a výpočet membránové konstrukce zastřešení stadionu / Design and analysis of membrane roof of a stadium.Lang, Rostislav January 2013 (has links)
This diploma thesis deals with problem of design and calculation of membrane structure of stadium roof. This is a complex engineering problem, which includes many partial problems: finding of initial form of membrane, statically and architecturally suitable arrangement of catenaries, economical solution of boundary conditions (foundations). All components affect each other and cannot be dealt without mutual coordination. It always greatly depends on the experience and intuition of engineer who design such structure. Task which cannot be resolved according to the theory of the first order. Equilibrium forces on the deformed structure, which in many projected structures gives satisfactory results, did not correspond to reality. It is therefore necessary to consider equilibrium of forces on the deformed structure according to the theory of large deformations. Diploma thesis was entered with regard to the intention of the companies Ing. Software Dlubal s.r.o. and FEM consulting s.r.o., working together to develop software RFEM. These companies plan to complement this program system with a module MEMBRANE for searching of initial shapes of membrane structures. This work is a contribution to the creation of this module.
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[pt] OTIMIZAÇÃO TOPOLÓGICA DE ESTRUTURAS GEOMETRICAMENTE NÃOLINEARES BASEADA EM UM ESQUEMA DE INTERPOLAÇÃO DE ENERGIA / [en] TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION OF GEOMETRICALLY NONLINEAR STRUCTURES BASED ON AN ENERGY INTERPOLATION SCHEMEANDRE XAVIER LEITAO 26 May 2020 (has links)
[pt] Em muitos problemas de engenharia, e.g., no projeto de próteses biomédicas flexíveis ou em dispositivos de absorção de energia, estruturas sofrem grandes deslocamentos. Nestes casos, a não linearidade geométrica deve ser levada em conta na resposta estrutural. Contudo, algoritmos de otimização topológica considerando não linearidades, e modelados segundo o método de elementos finitos, sofrem instabilidades numéricas causadas por distorções excessivas nas regiões de baixa densidade dentro do domínio de
projeto. Em particular, a matriz de rigidez pode não ser positiva definida comprometendo a convergência do processo de otimização. Esta dissertação visa estudar um esquema de interpolação entre as formulações lineares e não lineares de elementos finitos para aliviar tais distorções. Em cada etapa da otimização, para determinar a configuração de equilíbrio, o sistema de equações não-lineares é resolvido pelo procedimento de Newton-Raphson. Utilizando-se das informações dos gradientes calculadas através do método
adjunto, o Método das Assíntotas Móveis é empregado para atualizar as variáveis de projeto. Por meio de problemas de referência considerando grandes deslocamentos, são demonstradas a eficácia e a eficiência deste esquema de interpolação. Mais especificamente, as topologias otimizadas estão de acordo com aquelas obtidas na literatura e exibem a dependência esperada em relação ao nível de carga. O esquema de interpolação em estudo desempenha papel crucial na solução de problemas não lineares em níveis
elevados de carga, permitindo que a rotina de otimização convirja e se obtenha a distribuição de material ótima. / [en] In many engineering problems, e.g., design of flexible biomedical prostheses or energy absorption devices, structures undergo large displacements. In those problems, the structural response must take into account
the geometric nonlinearity. However, topology optimization algorithms regarding nonlinearities, and based on the finite element method, typically suffer from numerical instabilities caused by excessive distortions of
low-density regions within the design domain. In particular, the stiffness matrix may be no longer positive definite, which can jeopardize the convergence of the optimization process. This thesis aims to study
an interpolation scheme between linear and nonlinear finite element formultation to alleviate this convergence issue. At each step of the optimization, the nonlinear state equation is solved by the Newton-Raphson procedure to determine the equilibrium configuration. Making use of the gradient information computed from the adjoint method, the Method of Moving Asymptotes is employed to update the design variables. Through several benchmark problems considering large displacements, it is demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of this interpolation scheme. More specifically, the optimized designs are in agreement with those obtained in the literature and exhibit correct load-level dependence. The investigated interpolation scheme plays a crucial role in the solution of nonlinear problems with high load levels, allowing the optimization routine to converge and to obtain the optimal material arrangement.
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Simulation methods for the mechanical nonlinearity in MEMS gyroscopesPutnik, Martin 16 September 2019 (has links)
Im Zuge der Miniaturisierung werden mechanische Nichtlinearitäten immer wichtiger für die Auslegung und Optimierung von mikromechanischen Drehratensensoren.
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit neuen Simulationsmethoden zur Beschreibung dieser mechanischen Nichtlinearitäten. Die Methoden werden mit Benchmark-Simulationen und Messergebnissen validiert. Die Genauigkeit der neuen Simulationsmethoden erlaubt den Einsatz in der Designoptimierung von kommerziellen MEMS Drehratensensoren. / In this thesis, new simulation methods for the mechanical nonlinearities in microelectromechanical gyroscopes are developed and validated with benchmark simulations and experimental results. The benchmark simulations use transient finite element analysis that consider geometric nonlinear effects. Experimental results are from Laser Doppler Vibrometry and electrical measurements on wafer level.
Two different simulation methods, the energy- and stiffness-based approach, are compared with respect to numerical performance and accuracy.
In order to evaluate these methods, four different mechanical structures are taken into account: a doubly-clamped beam, a gyroscope test structure and two state-of-the-art gyroscopes with 1 and 2 axes. For the accuracy measurement, the simulated frequency shifts of modes
are compared to the true frequency shifts that are developed from either benchmark simulation, Laser Doppler Vibrometry or electrical measurement. The presented methods allow to predict the frequency shift of modes accurately and with a minimum of computational cost. Furthermore, the methodologies allow to generate modal reduced order models which are compatible with common model order reduction in the field. This makes it possible to incorporate mechanical nonlinearity in already established reduced order models of gyroscopes.
The simulation and modeling strategies are applicable for generic actuated structures that can be also in different fields of study such as the aerospace and earthquake engineering.
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