Thesis (Ph. D.)--York University, 2001. Graduate Programme in Psychology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-220). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ67919.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

In  Anbetracht  der  steigenden  Zahl  an  älteren  und  multimorbiden  Patienten  in  Deutschland und  den  westlichen  Nationen  stellt  die  Geriatrie  eine  der  größten  gesundheitspolitischen, ökonomischen  und  sozialen  Herausforderungen  unserer  Gesellschaft  dar.  Die  Implementie‐ rung  der  Geriatrie  in  die  universitäre  Lehre  von  Studierenden  der  Medizin  ist  daher  essentiell.  Dabei  ist  die  Handhabung  geeigneter  geriatrischer  Screeningverfahren  im  klinischen Alltag  ein  wichtiger  Bestandteil,  um  Abläufe  zu  vereinfachen,  Diagnostik  und  Therapie  zu  individualisieren und Kosten zu reduzieren.   Das  geriatrische  Assessment  in  Form  des  STEP‐Assessments  (Standardisiertes  evidenzbasiertes  präventives  Assessment  älterer  Menschen  in  der  medizinischen  Primäreversorgung)  ist ein  solches  Screeningverfahren,  welches  im  Rahmen  des  Blockpraktikums  Allgemeinmedizin an  der  Universität  Leipzig  von  Medizinstudierenden  durchgeführt  wird.  Es  erfasst  ein breites Spektrum an Bedürfnissen in vielen unterschiedlichen Lebensbereichen  geriatrischer Patienten  und  scheint  daher  besonders  für  die  Sensibilisierung  von  Studierenden  der  Medizin  für die  Komplexität  der  Geriatrie  geeignet  zu  sein.  Zur  Verbesserung  der Auswertungsquantität und ‐genauigkeit  des  geriatrischen  Assessments  wurde  eine  Checkliste  als  strukturierende Interpretationshilfe  installiert.  In  dieser  Studie  wird  der  Effekt  dieser  Checkliste  im  Vergleich zweier Kohorten von Studierenden untersucht. Als weitere Indikatoren für die mögliche Verbesserung  der  Auswertungsquantität  und ‐genauigkeit  wurde  die  Benotung  des  Blockpraktikums, sowie für die Zufriedenheit der Studierenden mit dem  Blockpraktikum eine Evaluation herangezogen.  Bei  statistisch  belegter  Vergleichbarkeit  der  Patientenkohorten,  fanden  wir  bei  nahrzu  allen  STEP‐Themen  mehr  Dokumentation  durch  die  Studierenden,  denen  die  Checkliste  als  Interpretationshilfe  vorlag.  Durch  diese  checklistenassoziierte  Steigerung  der  Dokumentationsquantität  und  ‐genauigkeit  ließ  sich  eine  signifikante  Verbesserung  der  Noten  der  Studierenden  mit  Checkliste  gegenüber  derer  ohne  Checkliste  verbuchen.  Die  Analyse  der Evaluation zeigte jedoch, dass die Studierenden mit Checkliste mit dem Blockpraktikum nicht signifikant zufriedener waren.  In  der  Gegenüberstellung  der  Auswertungen  des  geriatrischen  Assessments  durch  die  Studierenden  mit  der  aktuellen  Fachliteratur  und  Leitlinien  stellte  sich  stellenweise  eine  Diskrepanz  dar.  Die  von  den  Studierenden  empfohlenen  Diagnostik‐  oder  Therapieansätze  waren zwar stets medizinisch korrekt, entsprachen jedoch nicht immer den empfohlenen klinischen Leitlinien.  Es  stellt  sich  die  Frage,  ob  dies  bei  noch  nicht  abgeschlossenem  Studium  von  den Studierenden  erwartet  werden  kann,  oder  ob  indikationsgerechte  und  zielführende  Vorschläge ausreichend sind.   Die  Ergebnisse  dieser  Untersuchung  zeigen,  dass  ein  Screeninginstrument  mit  der  Komplexität  eines  STEP‐Assessments  erst  in  Kombination  mit  einer  strukturierenden  Interpretations‐ hilfe  in  Form  einer  Checkliste  von  den  Studierenden  sachgerecht  gehandhabt  werden  kann.  Es  konnte  eine  Steigerung  der  Auswertungsgenauigkeit  sowie ‐quantität  gesehen  werden, was  zu  der  Vermutung  führt,  dass  dies  ebenfalls  zu  einer  Erhöhung  des  Lernerfolges  bei  den Studierenden  gereichte.  Eine  Verbesserung  der  Art  der  Implementierung  der  Checkliste  und deren  gesonderte Evaluation  wären wünschenswert,  um  die  Zufriedenheit  der  Studierenden mit der Checkliste messbar zu machen.  Ein Rückschluss dieser Ergebnisse auf bereits spezialisierte  Allgemeinmediziner  oder  Geriater  liegt  nahe  und  sollte  in  einer  weiteren  Studie  eingehend untersucht werden.

This two year master thesis reviews the possibilities for how public libraries and geriatric care can cooperate on a long-term basis. By using a project called Prosit the study shows which approaches and actions that worked in order to create this kind of successful collaboration, and which ones that didn't. The theoretical framework consists of the sociocultural perspective developed by psychologist Roger Säljö in meaning to emphasize how these two departments can learn from each other. The theory also underlines the fact that both public libraries and geriatric care can develop their own way of improving the elderly’s daily life by working together. The thesis method is qualitative and based on Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke’s thematic analysis. It’s being used because it demonstrates the general themes in the research and also reflects the six counties’ different ways of working within the project. The thesis concludes that the sociocultural perspective of learning within a group could be applied while studying these counties’ different ways of collaboration. Public libraries and geriatric care could easily learn from each other by sharing their knowledge and experience in order to create this long-term interaction. The main themes found in the material were “communication”, “learning from each other” and “time”. Each county found their own individual way to deal with different problems that occurred during the project. As it turned out, it wasn’t easy to develop a functional cooperation that would satisfy both sides and keep it that way after the project ended. Instead of getting stuck in old routines, the public libraries and geriatric care had to rethink and come up with fresh approaches to improve the elderly services and work together.  The counties which managed to do so, are the ones with an effective teamwork even today. All public libraries could learn from the project by studying how they did, or didn’t, find ways to cooperate with the geriatric care. They can be inspired and get influences by how the six counties managed to learn within the group and see each other’s strengths and weaknesses.

Abstract Introduction Most countries including Australia are experiencing an ageing of their population, with an increasing proportion of frail older persons requiring hospitalisation from acute illness. The aging process places the older person at risk of geriatric syndromes, such as falling, dependency in performance of Activities of Daily Living and instrumental Activities of Daily Living, confusion, bladder and bowel incontinence. New or deteriorating geriatric syndromes are a frequent occurrence among hospitalized older patients. Hospital associated factors associated with these outcomes include complications of medical therapies; polypharmacy and excessive bed rest. Few studies have been conducted into factors predicting risk of negative outcomes in older patients admitted to medical units of acute care teaching hospitals. If available, a screening tool with few predictive factors, able to be administered close to the time of admission could be used to identify patients at lower and higher risk. It is imperative that such a tool is developed empirically and tested for its accuracy in identifying patients at high risk. Aims of the research The first aim was to identify the proportion of patients aged ≥ 70 years, admitted to acute care medical units that experienced a negative outcome. These outcomes included falls during hospitalisation, presence of new or a significant decline in existing pressure ulcers, significant decline in independently performing Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), requiring increased care needs at discharge, readmission to hospital with 28 days of the index hospitalisation, bladder and bowel incontinence, and delirium. The second aim was to identify factors predicting the risk of two of these negative outcomes: requiring a higher level of care at discharge, and experiencing a decline in independently performing ADLs. Based on the predictive factors, two screening tools to identify patients at risk were developed and validated. Method A prospective cohort study of 413 acute general medical patients, aged ≥ 70 years and consecutively admitted to an acute care metropolitan 700-bed teaching hospital was conducted. Consenting patients expected to remain in hospital for more than 48 hours were included. Patients were excluded if they were admitted to intensive or coronary care units, admitted for terminal care only or were transferred from a general medical to another unit within 24 hours of admission to the ward. Trained research nurses assessed patients and used the interRAI Acute Care instrument to collect information on candidate predictive variables and negative outcomes. Patients were assessed within 36 hours of admission and at discharge to obtain information on predictive variables and negative outcomes. Patients were also followed daily to identify any instances of transient negative outcomes during hospitalisation and at 28 days following discharge to identify any instances of readmission to hospital. The 413 cases were randomly split into 309 cases in the development cohort and 104 cases in validation cohort. Logistic regression models were used to identify the predictive factors independently associated with two negative outcomes, requiring a higher level of care at discharge and experiencing a decline in independently performing ADLs. Findings At least one negative outcome was experienced by 53% of the development and 63% of the validation cohort. The most common negative outcomes experienced were: delirium (27%; 23%), a significant decline in ADLs (19%, 22%), requiring a higher level of care at discharge (16%, 16%), and readmission to hospital within 28 days of discharge (17%, 28%) in the development and validation cohorts respectively. The logistic regression analysis identified four independent factors associated with requiring higher levels of care at discharge: ‘short term memory problems’ (OR 4.21, 95% CI 1.79, 9.89; p=0.001); ‘dependence in toilet use’ (OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.14, 10.84; p=0.029); ‘dependence in hygiene’ (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.16, 6.56; p=0.021), and ‘use of community services prior to admission’ (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.12, 5.16; p= 0.024). A screening tool developed to assess patients at lower and higher risk had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 77.27%, 73.66%, 36.56% and 94.29% respectively. Reasonable accuracy was evident when tested in the validation sample. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 60%, 76.32%, 33.33% and 90.63% respectively. Predictive factors associated with a significant decline in ADLs were: ‘history of falling’(OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.12, 4.36; p= 0.023), ‘no interest in things enjoyed normally’ (OR 4.30, 95% CI 1.92, 9.64; p=0.000), ‘dependence in management of finances’ (OR 3.93, 95% CI 1.63, 9.48; p =0.002) and ‘hearing problems’ (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.05, 5.39; p =0.038). The screening tool had sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV in the development cohort of 74.55%, 69.13%, 36.6% and 92% respectively and 45%, 65.79%, 25.7% and 82% respectively in the validation sample. Conclusion The tools require further validation in larger samples in diverse settings. Future research should focus on developing a screening tool that could predict risk of a number of negative outcomes to enhance the provision of quality patient care.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--University of Tulsa, 1985. / Bibliography: leaves 63-66.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Lund : Lunds universitet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsater.