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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Improving Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) production through selective breeding

Evans, Sanford, 1968- 08 December 2004 (has links)
Graduation date: 2005
2

High resolution climate records from modern and last interglacial periods derived from giant clam shells (Tridacnidae) in Sulawesi, Indonesia / Reconstructions climatiques à haute résolution à partir de bénitiers géants sur l’île de Sulawesi (Indonésie) au cours du Pléistocène

Arias Ruiz, Camilo 18 December 2017 (has links)
Des coquilles de bénitiers géants (Famille Tridacnidae) ont étés utilisées pour reconstruire des conditions climatiques au cours des dernières périodes interglaciaires dans l’ île de Sulawesi , en Indonésie. Des analyses géochimiques sur des coquilles modernes, ont montré que ces organismes enregistrent effectivement la variation de l ’environnement dans lequel ils habitent , en termes de : température, salinité, précipitations et apports en nutriments . Le s résultat s principaux ont été la reproductibilité du signal géochimique dans deux espèces différentes et l’enregistrement des anomalies climatiques liées au phénomène La Niña en 2010. La datation à travers l’Uranium - Thorium a mis en évidence des récifs formés lors du début de la dernière période interglaciaire (MIS - 5) et de l’avant dernière interglaciaire ou MIS - 7. La comparaison entre reconstructions modernes et fossiles a donné comme résultats : 1) des conditions de température en moyenne plus froides et avec une saisonnalité réduite pour ces deux périodes (début du MIS - 5 et MIS - 7), liée à des conditions plus sèches.2) Ces paramètres répondent systématiquement aux variations du niveau marin et témoignent la forte interaction entre la circulation atmosphérique et océanique dans la région .3) La variabilité interannuelle SST/SSS présente des oscillations dans la même amplitude qu’aujourd’hui pour la période du MIS - 5, cependant pour le MIS 7, ces oscillations sont réduites autour de 50 % par rapport à l’actuelle . 4) Le Mg/Ca présente une forte variation taxonomique, des études complémentaires sont nécessaires pour enlever le facteur biologique du signal géochimique. 5) Le Ba/Ca et le 13C sont potentiellement liées aux processus d’upwelling et/ou variations de salinité. / Giant clam shells (Tridacnidae family) were used to reconstruct climatic conditions during the last interglacial periods in Indonesia's Sulawesi Island. Geochemical analyzes on modern shells have shown that these organisms actually record the variation of the environment in which they live, in terms of: temperature, salinity, precipitation and nutrient inputs. The main results were the reproducibility of the geochemical signal in two different species, as well as the recording of the climatic anomalies related to the La Niña phenomenon in 2010. Uranium-series dating revealed reefs formed at the beginning of the last interglacial period (MIS-5) and the penultimate interglacial or MIS-7. The comparison between modern and fossil reconstructions gave the following main results: 1) colder average temperature conditions with reduced seasonality for both periods (beginning of MIS-5 and MIS-7) due to drier conditions.2) These parameters respond systematically to a decrease / increase of the sea level and testify the strong interaction between the atmospheric and ocean circulation in the region3) The interannual variability of SST / SSS presents oscillations in the same amplitude as today for the MIS-5 period, however for MIS 7, these oscillations are reduced around 50% compared to the current interglacial4) The Mg/Ca ratio has a strong taxonomic variation, additional studies are needed to remove the biological factor related to geochemical signal. 5) Ba/Ca present a potential use as tracers of upwelling processes and/ or variations in salinity. Giant clam shells (Tridacnidae family) were used to reconstruct climatic conditions during the last interglacial periods in Indonesia's Sulawesi Island. Geochemical analyzes on modern shells have shown that these organisms actually record the variation of the environment in which they live, in terms of: temperature, salinity, precipitation and nutrient inputs. The main results were the reproducibility of the geochemical signal.
3

A study of adjacent sarcomere length changes in single striated musclefibres under isometric conditions

張婉明, Cheung, Yuen-ming. January 1974 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Physiology / Master / Master of Philosophy
4

A study of adjacent sarcomere length changes in single striated muscle fibres under isometric conditions.

Cheung, Yuen-ming. January 1974 (has links)
Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1974. / Mimeographed.
5

Avaliação de respostas bioquímicas, moleculares e da expressão proteômica em ostras Crassostrea gigas expostas ao esgoto sanitário

Nunes, Fabrício Flores January 2013 (has links)
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Florianópolis, 2013. / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-06T17:48:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 323937.pdf: 1855969 bytes, checksum: 906b3e82e70687a66d3bdfdbab615d2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / O crescimento demográfico mundial em regiões costeiras tem causado uma série de ameaças à qualidade de vida de organismos estuarinos e marinhos, particularmente pelo lançamento de efluentes contendo esgoto sanitário. Este fato tem também posto em risco o desenvolvimento de atividades relacionadas à maricultura. A complexidade de estimar o impacto do esgoto sanitário em áreas costeiras está relacionada com a variabilidade de sua composição e volume. Análises de biomarcadores bioquímicos e moleculares em ostras têm sido propostas porque estes organismos-sentinela são sésseis, filtradores e bioacumuladores de contaminantes. Crassostrea gigas é o principal e mais estudado bivalve marinho cultivado no mundo. Análises de biomarcadores nos animais expostos auxiliam na avaliação dos efeitos tóxicos e riscos de exposição aos xenobióticos presentes no ambiente. Técnicas de qRT-PCR, proteômicas e de análises enzimáticas podem ser utilizadas para elucidação de respostas dos organismos frente à exposição aos contaminantes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes respostas moleculares e bioquímicas da ostra C. gigas frente à exposição ao esgoto sanitário e alquilbenzenos lineares (LABs), a fim de identificar e validar potenciais novos biomarcadores de exposição. Ostras expostas in situ em ambiente contaminado por esgoto sanitário bioacumularam principalmente HPAs e LABs. Os genes FABP e GST-O se apresentam como potenciais biomarcadores moleculares de exposição ao esgoto sanitário. Em nível proteômico, as respostas observadas sugerem que a exposição ao esgoto sanitário pode promover apoptose e interferências no sistema imune das ostras. Apesar da capacidade da ostra C. gigas em bioacumular LABs, esse poluente parece não ser o responsável pelas respostas transcricionais observadas em ostras expostas ao esgoto sanitário. As alterações observadas na atividade das enzimas dos animais expostos aos LABs sugerem uma adaptação das enzimas auxiliares do sistema antioxidante enzimático para compensar um possível estado pró-oxidante intracelular gerado pela exposição a esses compostos. A necessidade de informações sobre a influência dos contaminantes na ativação de vias metabólicas específicas em moluscos bivalves torna-se fundamental para a compreensão da modulação da transcrição gênica, das respostas observadas em biomarcadores moleculares/bioquímicos e interação entre as respostas observadas.<br> / Abstract : The world population growth in coastal regions has caused a number of threats to the quality of life of estuarine and marine organisms, particularly caused by the discharge of effluents containing wastewater. This fact has also jeopardized the development of activities related to mariculture. The complexity of estimating the impact of wastewater in coastal areas is related to the variability of its composition and volume. Analysis of biochemical and molecular biomarkers in oysters has been proposed because these sentinel organisms are sessile, filter feeding and bio-accumulators of contaminants. Crassostrea gigas is the principal and most studied marine bivalve cultivated worldwide. Analysis of biomarkers in animals exposed to wastewater effluents helps in the evaluation of toxic effects and risk of exposure to xenobiotics present in the environment. QRT-PCR techniques, proteomic analysis and enzyme assays can be used to elucidate responses of organisms following exposure to contaminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate different biochemical and molecular responses of the oyster C. gigas against exposure to sewage or linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) in order to identify and validate potential new biomarker of exposure. Oysters exposed in situ to an environment contaminated by sewage bio-accumulate primarily PAHs and LABs. The FABP genes and GST- are presented as potential molecular biomarkers of exposure to sewage. At proteomic level, the observed responses suggest that exposure to sewage can promote apoptosis and interference in the oysters immune system. Despite the ability of the oyster C. gigas bioaccumulate LABs, this pollutant does not seem to be responsible for the transcriptional responses observed in oysters exposed to sewage. The observed changes in the enzyme activities of animals exposed to LABs suggest an adaptation of the auxiliary enzymes from the antioxidant system to compensate for a possible intracellular pro-oxidant state generated by exposure to these compounds. The need for information on the influence of contaminants in the activation of specific metabolic pathways in bivalve mollusks is fundamental for understanding the modulation of gene transcription, the responses observed in biomarkers molecular / biochemical and interaction between observed responses.
6

Sistema de recirculação de água para larvicultura de ostras Crassostrea gigas

Dybas, Patrick Rafael January 2014 (has links)
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Florianópolis, 2014. / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-29T21:04:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 333003.pdf: 998076 bytes, checksum: 477efe7f934eaa0b2eae081763fe0882 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Foram realizados estudos visando a implantação de um sistema de recirculação de água na larvicultura de ostras Crassostrea gigas. Testou-se a resistência das larvas a compostos nitrogenados, foram avaliados os parâmetros físico-químicos e presença de compostos nitrogenados da água de cultivo e também avaliou-se a densidade de estocagem e alimentação. As CL`s50 para amônia e nitrito foram respectivamente 2,66 mg.L-1 e 123,47 mg.L-1. Os parâmetros físico-químicos se mostraram constantes, não foram detectados níveis de compostos nitrogenados (<0,02 mg.L-1) e a sobrevivência foi de 25 ± 8% em larvicultura com duração de 14 dias. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas entre as densidades de estocagem e alimentação sobre o número médio de larvas, contudo houve diferença estatística entre as densidades de estocagem e alimentação na sobrevivência larval. A sobrevivência das larvas na concentração de microalgas 1 a 4,5 x104 células.mL-1 é equivalente à concentração de microalgas 5,2 a 140 x104 células.mL-1, entretanto difere estatisticamente (p<0,05) da observada na concentração de microalgas 2 a 9 x104 células.mL-1, ou seja, a sobrevivência larval foi superior na concentração 1 a 4,5 x104 células.mL-1 e 5,2 a 140 x104 células.mL-1, seguido pela concentração 2 a 9 x104 células.mL-1.<br> / Abstract : Studies aiming to implement a water recirculation system in larvae of Crassostrea gigas oysters were performed. The resistance of the larvae to nitrogen compounds was tested, physical and chemical parameters and the presence of nitrogen compounds of water culture were evaluated and the stocking density and feeding were also assessed. The LC`s50 for ammonia and nitrite were respectively 2.66 mg.L-1 and 123.47 mg.L-1. Physical and chemical parameters showed constant, no level of nitrogenous compounds were found (<0.02 mg.L-1) and survival was 25 ± 8% in larvae lasting 14 days. There were no statistical differences between the storage and feeding densities on the average number of larvae, however there was statistical difference between stocking and feeding densities in larval survival. Larval survival in a microalgae concentration of 1 to 4.5 x104 cells.mL-1 is equivalent to a microalgae concentration of 5.2 to 140 x104 cells.mL-1, however differs statistically (p <0.05) of the observed in a microalgae concentration of 2 to 9 x104 cells.mL-1, i.e., larval survival was higher in concentration of 1 to 4.5 x104 cells.mL-1 and 5.2 to 140 x104 cells.mL-1, followed by concentration of 2 to 9 x104 cells.mL-1.
7

Efeitos do fenantreno e alquilbenzenos lineares no desenvolvimento larval e genes em ostra do Pacífico Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1789)

Nogueira, Diego José January 2016 (has links)
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Florianópolis, 2016. / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T05:12:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 340616.pdf: 2115777 bytes, checksum: 1d2435902e586e211070ad67c52bb4ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a toxicidade de fenantreno (FEN) e dos alquilbenzenos lineares (ABLs) durante o desenvolvimento larval da ostra Crassostrea gigas e verificar a influência do FEN e ABLs sobre respostas moleculares. Os gametas foram recolhidos a partir de ostras adultas, separados por telas, fertilizados e mantidos nas unidades experimentais durante 24 h. Com base em ensaios preliminares (Capitulo 1), foram definidas concentrações para o teste de toxicidade FEN (0,37; 0,75; 1,5; 3,0 e 6,0 µg.L-1) e ABLs (3,5; 5,3; 8,0; 12,0 e 18,0 µg.L-1). E no (Capitulo 2) A escolha das concentrações baseou-se na EC50 encontrada nos testes de toxicidade (Capitulo 1). A avaliação do desenvolvimento larval foi expresso como porcentagens líquidas do desenvolvimento normal (NPNe) de larvas em forma de D, as alturas da concha foi utilizado como um indicador de crescimento e a concentração efetiva (CE50) foi calculada utilizando o método Spearman Karber. Avaliação química da concha das larvas foi feita através da análise de espectrometria de energia dispersiva (EDS) acoplado ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV). Através da técnica PCR quantitativo em tempo real (qPCR) foi analisada a transcrição de genes-alvo. A CE50 para FEN foi de 1,91 µg.L-1 e de 8,94 µg.L-1 para ABLs. Após 24 horas de exposição, os contaminantes afetaram o desenvolvimento morfológico. O NPNe mostrou uma diferença significativa para FEN e ABLs com relação ao controle, o crescimento larval foi levemente afetado, a análise química das conchas revelaram alteração e houve desregulação na transcrição gênica. Este é o primeiro estudo que demonstra a suscetibilidade de larvas de moluscos marinhos quando expostos aos contaminantes ambientais FEN e ABLs, causando um aumento nas deformidades nas larvas, reduzindo seu crescimento e alterando a transcrições de genes importantes no desenvolvimento, mesmo em concentrações muito baixas.<br> / Abstract : The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of phenanthrene (PHE) and linear alkyl benzenes (LAB) during the embryo-larval development of C. gigas oyster and the influence of the FEN and LAB on molecular responses. The gametes were collected from adult oysters, separated by screens, fertilized and kept in the experimental units for 24 h. Based on preliminary tests (Chapter 1), concentrations were defined for the FEN toxicity test (0,37; 0,75; 1,5; 3,0 and 6,0 µg.L-1) and LAB (3,5; 5,3; 8,0; 12,0 and 18,0 µg.L-1). In (Chapter 2) the choice of concentrations based on EC50 found in toxicity tests (Chapter 1). The embryo-larval development of evaluation were expressed as net percentages of normal development (NPNe) larvae D-shaped shell heights of was used as an indicator of growth and effective concentration (EC50) was calculated using the Spearman Karber-method. Chemical evaluation of the shell of the larvae was performed through the analysis of energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) coupled to a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Through technical real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was analyzed transcription of target genes. The EC50 was 1.91 µg.L-1 FEN and 8.94 to 1 µg.L-1 LAB. After 24 hours of exposure, the contaminants affect the morphological development. The NPNe showed a significant difference to FEN and LAB with the control, the larval growth was slightly affected, the chemical analysis of the shells revealed change and there was deregulation in gene transcription. This is the first study to show the susceptibility of marine mollusc embryos when exposed to environmental contaminants FEN and LAB, causing an increase in deformities larvae, reducing its growth, and changing the major gene transcripts in development, even in very low concentrations.
8

Effect of high pressure processing on the survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains in pure culture and Pacific oysters

Calik, Hakan 02 October 2001 (has links)
Different strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) in broth cultures and Vp-inoculated live Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were subjected to high pressure processing (HPP) at 241, 276, 310, and 345 MPa. Results showed Vp numbers were reduced by HPP in both pure culture and whole oysters. Vp inactivation was dependent on time and pressure. Optimum conditions for reducing Vp in pure culture and oysters to non-detectable levels were achieved at 345 MPa for 30 and 90 s, respectively. Resistance variations were detected between Vp in pure culture and in oysters. HPP proved to be an efficient means of reducing Vp in oysters. The decimal reduction rates of Vp 03:K6 strain was compared with clinical ATCC 17802 and environmental AST Vp strains in pure culture and Pacific oysters under high pressure processing (HPP) at 276 and 310 MPa for different treatment times based on Calik and others (2001) data. Results showed that 03:K6 strain had relatively higher decimal reduction rates when compared to two other strains. The 03:K6 strain in oyster had the highest D-value of 1.77 min under 276 MPa HPP treatment. Reduction trends presented by Vp 03:K6 strain must be considered when making commercial HPP setting decisions for reduction of Vp. / Graduation date: 2002
9

Beneficial effects of bacteria on the culture of larvae of the Pacific oyster crassostrea gigas (Thunberg)

Douillet, Philippe A. 08 July 1991 (has links)
Graduation date: 1992
10

Diagnóstico da saúde da ostra Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) cultivada em Florianópolis/SC

Pontinha, Vitor de Almeida 24 October 2012 (has links)
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aqüicultura, Florianópolis, 2009. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T14:24:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 275615.pdf: 2583062 bytes, checksum: 33d510afb10d5398d132d4c6e81dfe04 (MD5) / A ostreicultura no município de Florianópolis é uma importante alternativa de renda para a população local. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de contribuir com informações sobre a saúde das ostras cultivadas. Foram coletadas 10 ostras Crassostrea gigas (Bivalvia, Ostreidae), mensalmente, em 6 cultivos localizados nas Baías Norte e Sul de Florianópolis/SC, durante 10 meses (n = 600), no período de dezembro/2007 a setembro/2008. As ostras foram submetidas a análises macroscópicas de incrustações e predadores, técnicas histológicas e contagem total de hemócitos. Ocorreram 29 espécies de animais nas conchas, entre os quais os perfurantes, Myoforceps aristatus (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) e Polydora websteri (Polychaeta, Spionidae), sendo esta última causadora da polidiariose. Foi identificada a presença do "Mal do Pé; alterações teciduais; gametas masculinos hipertrofiados; bactérias do gênero Rickettsia em células da glândula digestiva e tecido conjuntivo; os ciliados Ancistrocoma no lúmen dos túbulos digestivos, e Sphenophrya e Trichodinidae nas brânquias; microsporídeo Steinhausia nos ovócitos; protozoário não identificado no epitélio dos túbulos digestivos e copépodes na glândula digestiva e tecido conjuntivo. Não houve relação entre mortalidade e presença de patógenos. Mortalidades mensais acima de 15% foram relacionadas à presença do predador Cymatium parthenopeum (Gastropoda, Renellidae) e ascídias coloniais. A principal enfermidade foi a polidiariose. Precauções como locais de cultivos adequados e boas práticas de manejo amenizarão o problema.

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