Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is a disfiguring condition that is a side effect encountered in susceptible responder patients common to three groups of drugs - immunosupressants, calcium channel blockers and anticonvulsant agents. The altered overgrown gingiva can be aesthetically displeasing but in severe cases it can cause functional problems and such patients may eventually require excision of excess tissue. The underlying mechanisms that mediate drug-induced gingival overgrowth is uncertain and the various investigations into the pathogenesis of this disease suggest that it is multifactorial. This study investigated the effects of exogenous addition of cycJosporin and amlodipine on the growth and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts and the production of collagen by these cells. Results showed that these drugs have a direct stimulatory effect on the gingival fibroblasts of responder patients in vitro and there seems to be a synergistic effect between the two drugs. Findings of this study have important relevance as it suggests that fibroblast proliferation and collagen production must play a significant role in the pathogenesis of drug-induced gingival overgrowth. / Dissertation (MSc (Odontology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Dental Management Sciences / unrestricted

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MChD (Periodontics and Oral Medicine))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Oral Pathology and Oral Biology / unrestricted

As afecções bucais em gatos domésticos são causas frequentes de atendimento clínico. São enfermidades multifatoriais, cuja etiopatogenia ainda não foi elucidada. Contudo, acredita-se que o desequilíbrio da microbiota bucal e da resposta imune local resulte num processo inflamatório, que a longo prazo poderá interferir no comportamento do animal, ocasionar perda de dentes e levar até a morte. A microbiota bucal é composta por diferentes gêneros bacterianos, dentre estes destacam-se Staphylococcus spp. e a Pasteurella spp. O tratamento das afecções bucais é baseado no uso de antimicrobianos e anti-inflamatórios, porém há uma alta taxa de insucesso. Adicionalmente, como a escolha dos antimicrobianos na maioria das vezes é feita de maneira empírica e indiscriminada, existe a possibilidade de surgimento de bactérias multirresistentes. Desta maneira, nos últimos anos vários esforços foram realizados com intuito de superar o advento da resistência bacteriana e os produtos naturais possuem potencial para isto, dentre estes destacam-se os óleos essenciais de plantas. Visto isso, o presente estudo objetivou isolar e identificar cepas de Staphylococcus spp. e Pasteurella spp. de amostras da cavidade bucal de gatos domésticos sadios e com gengivite. Posteriormente, os isolados foram submetidos ao teste de sensibilidade antimicrobiana frente a seis óleos essenciais (OEs): Citrus bergamia (bergamota), Anthemis nobile (camomila romana), Cymbopogon citratus (capim-limão), Copaifera officinalis (Copaiba), Eugenia caryophyllus (cravo) e Melaleuca alternifólia (tea tree ou melaleuca). Os resultados mostraram que Staphylococcus spp. e Pasteurella spp. estão presentes tanto na cavidade bucal de gatos sadios, quanto em animais com gengivite. Os OEs com melhor efetividade antimicrobiana frente a maioria dos isolados foram capim limão, cravo, melaleuca e camomila romana. Os achados obtidos no presente estudo foram similares a outras investigações anteriores. Já os OEs de copaíba e bergamota não apresentaram nenhuma ação antimicrobiana. As discrepâncias observadas podem ser explicadas, principalmente, pelas diferenças de composição química, de concentração dos compostos químicos, pelo sinergismo entre eles, pela origem fitogeográfica e condições de cultivo da planta utilizada para obtenção dos OEs. / The oral affections in domestic cats are frequent causes of clinical care. These are multifactorial diseases, which etiopathogenesis has not been elucidated yet. However, believes that imbalanced oral microbiota and a immune response local results in the inflammatory process, which in a long term can cause various physical changes in the animal. The oral microbiota is composed of different bacterial genera, among these highlighting Staphylococcus spp. and the Pasteurella spp. The treatment of these affections is based on the use of antimicrobials and anti- inflammatories, but there is a high failure rate. In addition, the choice of antimicrobials is mostly done in a empirical and indiscriminate way, these is a possibility of appearance of multiresistant bacteria. In this way, in the last years several efforts have been made to overcome the advent bacterial resistance and natural products have potential for this. Among there are the essential oils. Then, the present study aimed to isolate and identify strains of Staphylococcus spp. e Pasteurella spp. Of samples of oral cavity of healthy domestic cats and with gingivitis. Posteriorly, the isolates were submmited to the antimicrobial susceptibility test before the six essential oils (EOs): Citrus bergamia (bergamot), Anthemis nobile (roman chamomile), Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), Copaifera officinalis (Copaiba), Eugenia caryophyllus (clove) e Melaleuca alternifólia (tea tree or melaleuca). The results showed that the Staphylococcus spp. and the Pasteurella spp are presented as soon in the oral cavity of healthy cats, as in animals with gingivitis. The EOs with better antimicrobial effectiveness against of the most of the isolates were Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), Eugenia caryophyllus (cloves), Melaleuca alternifólia (tea tree or melaleuca) and Anthemis nobile (roman chamomile). The findings obtained in the present study were similar to the others investigations. Then, the EOs of Copaifera officinalis (Copaiba) and Citrus bergamia (bergamot) did not present any antimicrobial action. The discrepancies can be explained, mainly, by differences in the chemical compositions, concentration of chemical compounds, by synergism among them, by phytogeographic origen and conditions of culture of plant utilized to obtain of EOs.

A saliva possui diversas substâncias e propriedades, sendo considerada de importância ao organismo. Possibilita hidratação e lubrificação, fundamentais para integridade da mucosa bucal, atividade remineralizante essencial aos tecidos dentários, apresenta substâncias antimicrobianas dentre outras. Este estudo buscou validar biomarcadores salivares como atividade argininolítica, quantificação de nitritos e proteína total no diagnóstico e após terapia periodontal. Metodologia: No presente estudo do tipo intervencional foram avaliados participantes com gengivite e periodontite crônica na pré (momento inicial) e pós-terapia (noventa dias). Foram efetuados exames clínicos periodontais (profundidade de sondagem, nível clínico de inserção, índice de placa e índice gengival); análise de biomarcadores salivares para valida-los no diagnóstico e após terapia periodontal: atividade argininolítica, quantificação de nitritos e proteína total. Em adição, exames microbiológicos no sulco/bolsa periodontal das espécies do complexo vermelho (Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis) e Streptococcus oralis por meio de reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real. A amostra constou de 57 participantes sistemicamente saudáveis. Sendo 26 diagnosticados como gengivite e tratados por meio de procedimentos básicos aplicando raspagem ultrassônica em sessão única associada com enxaguatório bucal Listerine. Participantes que apresentaram periodontite crônica generalizada foram 31, tratados por procedimentos básicos, incluindo raspagem manual. Destes, 15 realizaram raspagem por quadrante e 16 raspagem em sessão única (full-mouth disinfection), ambos associados com clorexidina a 0,12% como enxaguatório bucal. Resultados: Noventa dias após o tratamento mecânico e químico, todos os grupos apresentaram melhoras clínicas e microbianas. A avaliação da proteína total não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05). Não ocorreu redução estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05) de nitrito, enquanto a arginase reduziu estatisticamente (p<0,05) nos grupos gengivite e periodontite full-mouth disinfection. Conclusões: O presente estudo encontrou melhora nos parâmetros clínicos e microbiológicos pós-tratamento mecânico-químico de gengivite e periodontite crônica. Na análise imunológica salivar, a validação de biomarcadores acompanhando esta melhora, ocorreu apenas para atividade argininolítica. / Saliva has several substances and properties, being considered of importance to the organism. Provides hydration and lubrication, fundamentals to the integrity of the oral mucosa, remineralizing activity essential to dental tissues, has among other antimicrobial substances. This study aimed to validate salivary biomarkers as argininolytic activity, quantification of nitrite and total protein in the diagnosis and after periodontal therapy. Methods: In this interventional study participants with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis in pre (initial stage) and after therapy (ninety days) were evaluated. Clinical periodontal examination (probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index and gingival index) were performed; analysis of salivary biomarkers to validate them at diagnosis and after periodontal therapy: argininolytic activity, quantification of nitrite and total protein. In addition, microbiological tests in the sulcus/periodontal pocket of the red complex species (Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis) and Streptococcus oralis by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The sample consisted of 57 systemically healthy study participants. Of these 26 diagnosed as gingivitis and treated through basic procedures applying ultrasonic scaling in a single session associated with Listerine mouthwash. Participants who had chronic periodontitis were 31, treated with basic procedures, including manual scaling. Of these, 15 scaling per quadrant and 16 scaling in only session (full-mouth disinfection), both associated with 0.12% chlorhexidine as mouthwash. Results: Ninety days after the mechanical and chemical treatment, all groups showed clinical and microbial improvement. The assessment of total protein showed no statistically significant difference (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant reduction (p<0.05) of nitrite, while arginase statistically reduced (p<0.05) in gingivitis and periodontitis full-mouth disinfection groups. Conclusion: The present study found improvement in clinical and microbiological parameters in mechanical and chemical post-treatment of gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. In the immunological salivary analysis, the validation of biomarkers watching this improvement occurred only for argininolytic activity.

Determina las características mucogingivales del frenillo labial superior en pacientes adultos atendidos en la Clínica de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. La muestra estuvo constituida por 138 pacientes de 18 a 55 años. Se evaluó los tipos de adherencia, las variantes anatómicas y la longitud de inserción del frenillo labial superior; así como también, el fenotipo gingival y posición de la papila interdental de los incisivos centrales superiores. Los datos fueron sometidos a las pruebas de correlación de Pearson, Kruskal Wallis y Mann-Whitney. Se encontró que el tipo de adherencia y las variantes anatómicas del frenillo labial superior presentan asociación estadísticamente significativa con la posición de la papila interdental de los incisivos centrales superiores (p=0,038) y (p=0,015) respectivamente; sin embargo, en relación al fenotipo gingival de los incisivos centrales superiores no se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa con las características del frenillo labial superior. Se concluyó que el tipo de adherencia y las variantes anatómicas del frenillo labial superior tienen asociación estadísticamente significativa con la posición de la papila interdental. / Tesis

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / The epidemiology of periodontal disease in the Republic of South Africa has received only scant attention in the past and consequently the available information is limited. The present study was therefore planned with the primary goal being to establish base-line information regarding periodontal disease in a portion of the population. The adolescent age group was selected as the target for the survey in that destructive periodontal disease (periodontitis) probably commences in many instances during the teenage years and therefore the group would be the one most likely to derive maximum benefit from preventive care and simple treatment measures which could be realistically provided by existing community dental health services. To translate the result into practicality a simple method of treatment needs estimation was also incorporated. In view of the diverse nature of the inhabitants of the Republic of South Africa and in keep with previously conducted studies, the presedt survey was confined to a single ethnic group. The population comprised all 3 .684 white pupils in Standard VIII attending the 34 schools in the Cape Peninsula during 1977. A random sample of 500 was selected for investigation. The average age of the sample was 15 years 9 months and the two sexes were equally represented. Only 7,2% were classified in the lower grade socio-economic class and thus were considered not to have a significant effect on the results. METHOD A team of three, consisting of the author and two assistants, visited each school. Portable equipment included a reclining chair, lighting, compressed air, and hand instruments. The investigation began with a questionnaire to establish the attitude to and experience of symptoms, prevention, and treatment of periodontal disease within the sample. Each subject was then examined and at each of 12 sites, on the 8 incisors and 4 first molars, recordings were made of plaque, gingivitis, supragingival calculus, subgingival calculus, and loss of attachment (periodontitis) according to defined criteria. A standard statistical package was used to analyse the recordings. RESULTS The questionnaire: This showed that almost all the subjects (98%) were interested in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease in order to achieve and maintain oral health. Not with standing this.The overall prevalence of plaque was 97% and the mean Plaque Index (Pl.I) was 0,94 with 75% of the subjects having a mean Pl.I=0,5. The site prevalence data revealed that out of 12 sites, on average, 4 had Pl.I~O, 4 had Pl.I~l, and 4 had Pl.I~2. In the maxilla the molar sites had the higher plaque levels, whilst in the mandible the incisor sites had higher plaque levels. The sex-specific data showed the males to have higher mean plaque levels than the females, but in 50% of sample with a mean PI.I 0,5 to 1,45 there was ) had had any appurtenant treatment. The overall prevalence of plaque was 97% and the mean Plaque Index (Pl.I) was 0,94 with 75% of the subjects having a mean Pl.I=0,5. The site prevalence data revealed that out of 12 sites, on average, 4 had Pl.I~O, 4 had Pl.I~l, nd 4 had Pl.I~2. In the maxilla the molar sites had the higher plaque levels, whilst in the mandible the incisor sites had higher plaque levels. The sex-specific data showed the males to have higher mean plaque levels than the females, but in 50% of sample with a mean PI.I 0,5 to 1,45 there was no difference.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue Determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre la terapia periodontal no quirúrgica en odontólogos egresados de una universidad privada Chiclayo 2022. Este estudio fue observacional y descriptivo, se realizó en odontólogos egresados de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por 86 participantes que cumplieron con los criterios de selección. El instrumento de evaluación fue un cuestionario de 16 preguntas previamente validado mediante juicio de expertos. Se obtuvo una confiabilidad de 0.86 en el test y en el retest de 0.86. Los resultados que se obtuvieron fue el predominio del nivel de conocimiento regular en un 52.3% de los participantes, se determinó que el 33.3% de egresados del 2018 a 2020, el 64.4% de las mujeres y el 35.6% de los hombres presentaron nivel de conocimiento regular.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Den orala hälsan har förbättrats i Sverige de senaste åren och den oral hälsan är en del av den allmänna hälsan. Parodontit är en inflammatorisk parodontal sjukdom och sjukdomstillståndet progredierar utan behandling. Trots att den orala hälsan har förbättrats med åren, har många individer en hög risk för att utveckla sjukdomen. Parodontit har koppling till flertalet systemiska sjukdomar och demens. Alzheimers sjukdom [AS] är den vanligaste typen av demens. Även fast AS är en vanlig demenssjukdom, är patologin kring sjukdomen inte fullständigt klarlagd.  Syfte: Att undersöka samband mellan parodontit och utvecklingen av Alzheimers sjukdom. Metod: Arbetet är en litteraturstudie som är byggd på vetenskapliga artiklar från databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Inkluderings- och exkluderingskriterier har använts för att få fram artiklar som svarar mot syftet. Relevansmall och kvalitetsgranskningsmall för exponeringsstudier från SBU har använts för att få fram artiklar av god kvalitet. Resultat: Litteraturstudiens resultat är indelade i skilda rubriker för att påvisa artiklarnas varierande resultat. Resultatet presenteras genom följande teman: ”Parodontit och högre risk för AS”, ”Kognitiva test”, ”Mikrobiell nivå” samt ”Oklart samband mellan parodontit och AS”. Totalt redovisas 15 artiklar. 13 artiklar påvisar ett samband mellan sjukdomarna, medan 2 artiklar inte påvisar något samband.  Slutsats: Majoriteten av artiklarna visade att parodontit kan bidra till utveckling och progression av demenssjukdomen AS. Två artiklar påvisade inget samband. / Background: The oral health has increased in Sweden the past years and the oral health is a part of the general health. Periodontitis is an inflammatory periodontal disease. Even though the oral health has generally improved over the years, several individuals have a high risk of developing periodontal disease. Periodontitis has relationship with several systemic diseases and dementia. Alzheimer’s disease [AD] is most common type of dementia, but the pathology of the disease is not yet clarified.  Aim: To study the relationship between periodontitis and the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Method: This literature study is based on scientific articles from the databases PubMed and CINAHL. Inclusions- and exclusions criteria has been used to obtain articles related to the aim. Relevant templates and quality reviews of exposing studies from SBU has been used to obtain articles of good quality. Results: The literature study’s results are divided into different headlines with the purpose to demonstrate the different results of the articles. The results are presented in following themes: “Periodontitis and risk of AD”, “Cognitive tests”, “Microbial level” and “Unclear connection between periodontitis and AD”. A total of 15 articles is presented. 13 of these articles demonstrate a relationship between the diseases, while 2 articles did not show a connection. Conclusion: Most of the articles showed that periodontitis can contribute to the development or progression of AD. Two articles did not show a relationship.

Aim:The aim of the thesis was to study the effect of a self-care education in oral health for a group of dental nurse students in Danang, Vietnam. Methods: A quantitative intervention study was performed consisting of 53 selected participants, who were clinically examined to measure the dental biofilm and gingival inflammation. The intervention was a self-care education session where both information and instruction about the materials and methods of self-care in toothbrush technique and interdental cleaning were included. Results: The self-care education in oral health proved to have an effect on the students' oral hygiene. There was a statistically significant difference between the first and the second examination of the gingival inflammation. No statistically significant difference was found between the first and second examination of dental plaque but plaque score of buccal, lingual and distal surfaces significantly decreased before the second examination.The results did not show any significant difference between the group from the rural area and the group from the urban area. Conclusion:The result of the study shows that the self-care education in oral health had a positive impact on the participant´s oral hygiene. It would be beneficial to develop a self-care educational program for the population in Vietnam to improve the oral hygiene.Through knowledge and information about good self-care habits and its positive effects, more people can achieve a better and healthier oral health as a result. / Syfte:Syftet med studien var att studera effekten av en given egenvårdsutbildning i oral hälsa för en grupp dental nurse studenter i Danang, Vietnam. Metod:En kvantitativ interventionsstudie utfördes, bestående av 53 utvalda deltagare som undersöktes kliniskt för att mäta dental biofilm och gingival inflammation. Interventionen var en egenvårdsutbildning där information och instruktion i material och metoder för egenvård i tandborstteknik och approximal rengöring inkluderades. Resultat:Egenvårdsutbildningen i oral hälsa visade sig ha effekt på studenternas munhygien. Det var en statistiskt signifikant skillnad mellan den första och den andra undersökningen av gingival inflammation. Ingen statistiskt signifikant skillnad uppnåddes mellan den första och andra undersökningen av dentalt plack. Dock sjönk plackförekomsten på de buccala, linguala och distala ytorna avsevärt innan den andra undersökningen. Resultaten visade inte någon signifikant skillnad mellan gruppen från landsbygd eller gruppen från tätort. Slutsats:Resultatet av studien visar att egenvårdsutbildningen haft en positiv inverkan på deltagarens munhygien. Det skulle vara fördelaktigt att utveckla ett egenvårdsprogram för befolkningen i Vietnam för att allmänt förbättra den orala hygienen. Genom kunskap och information om goda egenvårdsvanor och dess positiva effekter kan fler människor uppnå en bättre och hälsosammare oral hälsa.