O cimento de ionômero de vidro tem mais de 40 anos de uso clínico, com muitas boas qualidades e propriedades de material para forramento e restauração. Como o principal motivo de troca de restaurações é a lesão de cárie secundária, a sua capacidade de indução de remineralização e inibição de desmineralização mostram uma qualidade desejável desse material. Além disso, não se sabe até que ponto o flúor liberado pelos cimentos de ionômeros de vidro é capaz de inibir o processo erosivo. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de inibição dos desafios cariogênicos em dentes restaurados com diferentes tipos de materiais ionoméricos restauradores, bem como avaliar a inibição dos mesmos materiais frente a um desafio erosivo. Foram confeccionados 120 fragmentos de dentes bovinos, que foram divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos, para serem restaurados com diferentes tipos de cimentos de ionômero de vidro (CIV): CIV de alta viscosidade (Fuji IX), CIV modificado por resina (Vitremer), CIV modificado por resina com nanopartículas (N100), CIV modificado por resina encapsulado (Riva Light Cure), CIV de alta viscosidade encapsulado (Riva Self Cure) e um grupo controle com resina composta (Filtek Z350). Após a restauração de tamanho padronizado, seguindo as indicações do fabricante, os espécimes foram submetidos à desafio cariogênico (ciclagem de pH) e erosivo (ácido cítrico). Microdureza superficial do tipo Knoop das amostras foi avaliada inicialmente. Após 24 horas de desafio erosivo, e 5 dias de ciclagem de pH (desafio cariogênico), uma nova avaliação de microdureza foi realizada para avaliar a perda mineral ao redor das restaurações. Na avaliação estatística, utilizou-se o teste de normalidade de Anderson-Darling e teste de homogeneidade de Levene. Para as comparações, foi realizada análise de variância e teste de contraste de Student-Newman Keuls, com nível de significância de 5%. O desafio erosivo reduziu significantemente a dureza superficial, mas nenhuma diferença significante foi observada independentemente do material restaurador (p>0,05). Para análises do esmalte ao redor, diferenças significantes foram observadas com relação aos diferentes materiais (p<0,001) e distâncias das restaurações (p=0,023). Espécimes restauradas com resina apresentaram maior perda mineral e amostras restauradas com CIV convencional de alta viscosidade e CIV encapsulado modificado por resina apresentaram os menores valores de perda mineral. Em conclusão, os CIVs exercem efeito protetor no esmalte apenas contra desafio cariogênico. / The glass ionomer cements (GIC) has more than 40 years been used in clinical practice, with good qualities and properties as dental material of liner and restoration. Since the main reason of restoration replace is secondary caries lesion, the ability of the GIC in inducing remineralization and inhibiting demineralization are important characteristics of this type of material. Furthermore, it is still unclear if the fluoride released by the GIC is able to inhibit the erosive process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of inhibition of cariogenic challenge in teeth restored with different types of GIC, as well as to evaluate the inhibition of the same materials concerning erosive challenge. One hundred and twenty samples of bovine teeth were prepared and randomly divided in 6 groups, in order to be submitted to restorative procedures with different types of GIC: High viscous GIC (Fuji IX), resin-modified GIC (Vitremer), resin-modified GIC with nanoparticles (N100), encapsulated resinmodified GIC (Riva Light Cure),encapsulated high viscous GIC (Riva Self Cure) and a control group with resin (Filtek Z350). Knoop microhardness evaluations were initially performed. After performing restorations with standardized dimensions and according to the manufacturers instructions, the samples were submitted to cariogenic challenge (pH cycling) and erosive challenge (citric acid). After 24 h of erosive challenge, and 5 days of pH cycling, new microhardness assessments were performed to evaluate mineral loss around of restorations. For statistical analysis, it was used Anderson-Darling test to test the normality and Levene test to check the homogeneity of the data. To compare the different groups, it was used Analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Keuls post-hoc test, considering the level of significance of 5 %. Erosive challenge significantly reduced enamel surface hardness, but no significant difference was observed irrespectively restorative materials (p>0.05). For enamel analyses, significant differences were observed with respect to the different materials (p<0.001) and distances (p=0.023).Specimens restored with the composite resin presented higher mineral loss and specimens restored with the conventional high viscous GIC and the encapsulated resin-modified GIC presented the lowest values for mineral loss. In conclusion, the GICs exert protective effect only for cariogenic challenge.

Este estudo avaliou o efeito do desafio erosivo nas propriedades e na estabilidade de união de materiais restauradores ao esmalte e dentina decídua. Duzentos e quarenta molares decíduos foram alocados em 24 grupos, de acordo com substrato - esmalte ou dentina, condição prévia do substrato - hígido ou erodido, material restaurador - resina composta associada ao sistema adesivo - RC, cimento de ionômero de vidro de alta viscosidade - CIVAV, ou modificado por resina - CIVMR, e tratamento após procedimento adesivo - controle (imersão em solução salina/7dias) ou desafio erosivo (imersão em bebida a base de cola por 5 min/3x ao dia/7 dias). Os dentes dos grupos esmalte e dentina erodidos foram submetidos ao desafio erosivo previamente aos procedimentos restauradores. Cânulas de polietileno foram posicionadas sobre superfícies planas dos substratos pré-tratados, para então serem preenchidas por um dos materiais avaliados. Após armazenamento por 24h a 37°C, os espécimes foram submetidos a um dos tratamentos propostos. Metade dos espécimes foi submetida imediatamente ao teste de microcisalhamento e a outra metade após 12 meses de armazenamento em água a 37ºC. Posteriormente, a análise do padrão de fratura foi realizada em estereomicroscópio (400X). Para a análise de resistência à flexão (RF) e rugosidade superficial (RS), trinta corpos de prova foram confeccionados (10x2x1mm). Após armazenamento por 24h, a leitura inicial de RS de dez corpos de prova selecionados aleatoriamente foi obtida. Os corpos de prova foram então imersos em um dos tratamentos propostos - desafio erosivo ou solução salina, para então ser realizada a segunda leitura. Decorrido esta análise, os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao teste de RF (1mm/min). Os valores de resistência de união (RU), bem como de RS e RF obtidos foram submetidos a Análise de Variância e Teste de Tukey (?=5%). Análise de Weibull foi também conduzida considerando os valores de RF. De forma geral, os substratos hígidos resultaram em maiores valores de RU do que os erodidos, com exceção do CIVAV que obteve desempenho similar em ambos substratos. Além disso, o tempo influenciou negativamente a RU somente para os grupos de RC quando da avaliação em dentina. Os demais grupos não apresentaram redução nos valores após 12 meses de armazenamento em água. RC apresentou melhor desempenho adesivo do que os demais materiais avaliados, tanto em 24 horas quanto após 12 meses. O desafio erosivo após o procedimento adesivo apenas influenciou negativamente a RU quando os materiais foram avaliados em dentina erodida. Em relação a RS, menores valores foram obtidos para RC. Além disso, o desafio erosivo influenciou os valores de leitura final, resultando em maior RS para todos os materiais restauradores. Já para a RF, RC demonstrou maiores valores de RF, módulo de Weibull e resistência característica do que os demais materiais. Ademais, o desafio erosivo não afetou estes parâmetros. Em conclusão, o desafio erosivo influencia negativamente a RS e RU a dentina erodida. Os substratos previamente erodidos resultam em pior desempenho da RC e CIVMR. Além disso, o armazenamento em água afeta a estabilidade de união a dentina de RC. / This study evaluated the effect of erosive challenge on the properties and bond stability of restorative materials to primary enamel and dentin. Two hundred and forty primary molars were assigned into 24 groups, in according to the substrate - enamel or dentin, the precondition of substrate - sound or eroded, the restorative material - resin composite associated to adhesive system - RC, high-viscous glass ionomer cement- HVGIC or resin-modified glass ionomer cement - RMGIC, e the treatment after restorative procedure - control (immersion in saline solution/7 days) or erosive challenge (immersion in cola-based drink for 5 min/3x per day/7 days). Teeth from the eroded dentin and enamel groups were subjected to erosive challenge prior to bonding procedures. Polyethylene tubes were placed on flat surfaces of the pretreated substrates, and then were filled up with one of evaluated materials. After storage for 24h at 37ºC, the specimens were submitted to one of the proposed treatments. Half of the specimens were immediately submitted to the microshear bond strength test, and the other half after 12 months of water storage at 37ºC. Subsequently, the failures pattern evaluation was performed in stereomicroscopy (400X). For the assessment of flexural strength (FS) and superficial roughness (SR), thirty specimens were built up (10x2x1mm). After storage for 24h, the first reading of SR from ten specimens randomly selected was obtained. Specimens were immersed in one of proposed treatments - erosive challenge or saline solution, to then be performed the second reading. After this assessment, specimens were submitted to FS (1mm/min). The bond strength (BS) values, as well as SR and FS obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey\'s test (?=5%). Weibull analysis was also performed considering the FS values. Generally, the sound substrates resulted in higher BS values than eroded ones, with exception of the HVGIC that obtained similar performance in both substrates. Furthermore, the storage time negatively influenced the BS values for the RC groups on dentin assessment. The other groups did not show reduction in BS values after 12 months of water storage. RC showed better bonding performance than others evaluated materials, in both at 24 hours as for 12 months at 37ºC. Erosive challenge after bonding procedure only negatively influenced the BS values when the materials were evaluated in eroded dentin. In relation to SR, lower values were obtained to RC. Moreover, erosive challenge affected the second reading, resulting in increased SR for all restorative materials. For FS, RC showed higher values of FS, Weibull modulus and characteristic strength than other materials. Furthermore, immersion in erosive challenge did not affect these parameters. In conclusion, erosive challenge negatively influences SR and BS to eroded dentin. Previously eroded substrate result in the worst performance of RC and RMGIC. Moreover, the water storage affects the bonding stability of RC to dentin.

Este estudo in situ, desenvolvido em uma fase de 14 dias, teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de dois cimentos de ionômero de vidro (CIV) comparados a um selante resinoso, utilizados para selamento de fossas e fissuras aplicados em esmalte bovino hígido, com acúmulo de biofilme dentário, por meio da análise do conteúdo de flúor do biofilme dentário e da microdureza em secção longitudinal. Foram utilizados 88 blocos de esmalte (4mm x 4mm) de incisivos bovinos, selecionados por seu valor de microdureza inicial. Os blocos formaram uma fissura artificial em forma de \"V\" a qual foi selada, para compor os seguintes grupos: GI-CIVav (Ketac? Molar Easymix); GII-CIV modificado por resina (Vitremer?); GIII-selante resinoso sem flúor (Helioseal® Clear) ou GIV-controle, sem selamento. As fissuras artificiais foram fixadas em um dispositivo intrabucal palatino (DIP), em duas fileiras distintas que foram cobertas por uma tela plástica para favorecer o acúmulo de biofilme dentário. Onze voluntários utilizaram o DIP 24 h/dia; gotejaram 8x/dia, uma solução de sacarose a 20% e, uma solução de dentifrício fluoretado (3ml de água deionizada : 1g de dentifrício fluoretado) sobre todas as fissuras 3x/dia. Após o período experimental, coletou-se o biofilme acumulado para a avaliação do conteúdo de flúor. As fissuras foram seccionadas ao meio para a avaliação da microdureza em secção longitudinal a partir da superfície do esmalte, em 4 profundidades (10, 30, 50, 70 µm). O limite esmalte/material da região oclusal era a posição zero (borda do material) e, a partir deste, realizadas seqüências de impressões a 50, 150 e 500 µm interna e externamente à borda do material. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente (a= 5%). O teste de Friedman revelou que a concentração de flúor no biofilme não foi estatisticamente significante entre os grupos, (p<0,07), com uma tendência de melhores resultados para o CIVav. Quanto ao conteúdo mineral, a ANOVA e o teste de Tukey detectaram significância (p<0,05) para todos os grupos individualmente, na camada mais superficial do esmalte (10 µm). Nesta profundidade, não houve diferença entre os grupos. Essas comparações foram válidas para a maioria das distâncias analisadas. / This in situ study, developed in a 14-day period, aimed to evaluate the effect of two glass ionomer cements (GIC) compared to a resin sealant, employed for pit and fissure sealing on intact bovine enamel, with accumulation of dental biofilm, by analysis of the fluoride content on the dental biofilm and longitudinal microhardness. Eighty-eight enamel blocks (4mm x 4mm) of bovine incisors were employed, selected according to their initial microhardness value. The blocks formed a V-shaped artificial fissure that was sealed, constituting the following groups: GI - high-viscosity conventional GIC (Ketac? Molar Easymix); GII - resin-modified GIC (Vitremer?); GIII - resin sealant without fluoride (Helioseal? Clear); and GIV - control, without sealing. The artificial fissures were fixated on a palatal plate (PP), in two distinct rows, which were covered with a plastic screen to favor the accumulation of dental biofilm. Eleven volunteers employed the PP for 24h/day, dripped a 20% sucrose solution 8 times a day, and used a fluoridated dentifrice solution (3ml of deionized water : 1g of fluoridated dentifrice) on all fissures 3 times a day. After the study period, the accumulated biofilm was collected for evaluation of the fluoride content. The fissures were sectioned through the middle for evaluation of longitudinal microhardness from the enamel surface, at 4 depths (10, 30, 50, 70 µm). The enamel/material limit at the occlusal region was the zero position (material margin); from this point, indents were sequentially performed at 50, 150 and 500 µm internally and externally to the material margin. Data were statistically analyzed (a = 5%). The Friedman test revealed that the fluoride concentration in the biofilm was not statistically significantly different among groups (p<0.07), yet there was a tendency of better outcomes for the high-viscosity conventional GIC. With regard to the mineral content, the ANOVA and Tukey test revealed significance (p<0.05) for all groups individually, at the most superficial enamel layer (10 µm). At this depth, there was no difference among groups. These comparisons were valid for most distances analyzed..

Background There is a transition towards minimally invasive restorative techniques in restorative dentistry based upon reducing bacterial viability and encouraging remineralization of caries infected tissue. To improve the predictability of the antibacterial and remineralization potential of carious dentine by either the application of medicaments or placement of restorative materials that encourage remineralization would be a significant benefit in disease management. Materials and Methods An experimental model was developed using a chemostat for in vitro analysis of the effects of silver fluoride followed by potassium iodide (AgF/KI) and ozone treatment on non demineralized and demineralized dentine. Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) on the treated dentine were conducted to investigate ion transfer, and biofilm formation. Bacteria growth was measured by optical density. An in vitro caries model using a chemostat was developed to determine the ability of glass ionomer cement and composite resin to inhibit dentinal degradation in adjacent dentine and to measure ion exchange at the restorative interface. Tests were made to determine the bond strength between dentine and glass ionomer cement after application of silver fluoride to the surface of the dentine. Results S. mutans migrated through all dentine samples. Samples treated with AgF/KI had significantly lower optical densities than the corresponding controls. Optical density readings were significantly lower in demineralized dentine treated with AgF/KI than non demineralized dentine. There were lower but not significant differences in the optical density readings between ozonated and non ozonated dentine. An S. mutans biofilm covered all control discs. No biofilm was detected on discs treated with AgF/KI and these discs were significantly more resistant to further demineralization than the control discs. Detectable amounts of silver and fluoride were found up to 450 μm in the AgF and AgF/KI sections. Ozone infusion prevented S. Mutans and L. acidophilus biofilm formation on all the treated dentine samples, biofilm was present on all control specimens. There was calcium and phosphorus present in all auto cure glass ionomer cements to a depth beyond 50 microns. Aluminium and strontium ions were also present in dentine except strontium subjacent to Ketac Molar restorations. Fluoride uptake was significantly higher under glass ionomer cement restorations where the dentine was pretreated with AgF/KI compared to non treated specimens. Silver and iodine deposits were present in demineralized dentine treated with AgF/KI. Calcium and phosphorus levels up to 130 microns from the restorative interface were similar to non demineralized dentine adjacent to auto cure glass ionomer cements and half that adjacent to composite resin. There was significant surface degradation in auto cure glass ionomer cements compared to composite resin. Washing away the AgF/KI precipitate produced higher bond strengths to dentine than samples where the precipitate remained. Conclusions Under the conditions of these in vitro studies, the application of AgF/KI and ozone pharmacologically reduces the initiation and rate of dentine caries. Glass ionomer cements were shown to protect dentine from experimental carious degradation and assist with remineralization. AgF/KI application enhances remineralization beneath glass ionomers and does not interfere with bond strengths. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1344616 / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, Dental School, 2008

Orientador: Ângela Cristina Cilense Zuanon / Banca: José Luiz Guimarães Figueiredo / Banca: Lourdes Aparecida Martins dos Santos-Pinto / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a influência da excitação ultra-sônica aplicada em dois cimentos de ionômero de vidro nos momentos inicias de sua reação de presa, avaliando a rugosidade superficial e a perda de massa após ensaio de escovação. Os materiais foram o Fuji IX GP (GC Corporation) e Ketac Molar Easymix (3M ESPE), manipulados de acordo com as instruções dos fabricantes e inseridos em matriz confeccionada com dente bovino. Foram confeccionados 16 espécimes de cada material, dos quais a metade recebeu excitação com ondas de ultra-som (PROFI III BIOS - Dabi Atlante) por um período de 30 segundos. Todos os corpos foram pesados diariamente, em balança analítica (Sartoruis), até a estabilização de sua massa, a qual foi alcançada após 20 dias da manipulação. Logo após foi realizada a leitura da rugosidade inicial (rugosímetro Surfcorder SE 1700 - Japão). Em seguida os mesmos foram submetidos ao ensaio de escovação, totalizando 30.000 ciclos. Nova leitura de rugosidade superficial e seqüência de pesagem foram realizadas. Para a análise estatística foram utilizados os testes de Análise de Variância (MANOVA) e t-Student onde a diferença estatística foi determinada por p= 0,05. Observou-se diferença estatística significante na rugosidade superficial antes e após o ensaio de escovação (p= 0,00). Porém não houve diferença estatística na rugosidade quando considerada a aplicação de ondas de ultra-som (p= 0,06). A média de rugosidade após ensaio de escovação para o Fuji IX GP foi de 0,767æm e 0,643æm com e sem a aplicação de ondas de ultra-som respectivamente e para o Ketac Molar Easymix esses valores foram de 0,759æm e 0,757æm para as mesmas condições experimentais. Na interação material, excitação ultra-sônica e ensaio de escovação foi observada diferença... Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this work was to determine the influence of ultrasonic excitation in two glass ionomer cements (GICs) evaluating the superficial roughness and mass loss after toothbrushing test. The GICs tested were Fuji IX GP (GC Corporation) and Ketac Molar Easymix (3M ESPE). The cements were manipulated according to the manufacturesþ instructions and inserted in a bovine tooth matrix. For each material 16 specimens were made. Eight specimens of them were excited with ultrasonic waves (PROFI III BIOS - Dabi Atlante) for 30s. All specimens were weighed daily in an analytical balance (Sartoruis) until their mass stabilization which was reached after twenty days. Next, the initial superficial roughness reading was performed (Surfcorder SE 1700 - Japan). After that, toothbrushing test was performed, and 30.000 cycles were applied. Soon after, a new superficial roughness reading and a sequence of weighing were performed. The statistical analysis was made through MANOVA test and t-Student where p= 0.05 determined a significant statistical difference. A difference on the superficial roughness was observed before and after toothbrushing (p=0.00). However, there was no statistical difference when the ultrasonic waves were used (p=0.06). After toothbrushing test Fuji IX GP roughness average was 0.767æm and 0.643æm with and without the use of ultrasound waves respectively while Ketac Molar Easymix showed 0.759æm and 0.757æm in the same experimental conditions. In the interaction: material, ultrasonic excitation, and toothbrushing test, a significant statistical difference was observed (p=0.004) which was due to the toothbrushing test and not to the use of ultrasonic waves. The mean of weigh loss was 0.45mg for Fuji IX GP with ultrasound excitation, and 0.61mg without this procedure; Ketac Molar Easymix showed 0.27mg and 0.16mg respectively. However, there was no statistica... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

La recherche de matériaux dentaires efficaces est une préoccupation constante de toute l'histoire de la dentisterie. Avec l'émergence de meilleurs produits, le développement de matériaux toujours plus innovants s'est imposé. De plus, la combinaison de différentes sciences comme la chimie, la biologie, la physique et l'ingénierie a permis de mieux connaître les exigences liées à la restauration dentaire. Le projet BIODENSOL est un projet de recherche et de mobilité doctorale entre l'Université de Lyon et LUCIDEON Ltd (Stoke-on- Trent, Royaume-Uni), financé par la Commission européenne. Le projet a été conçu pour favoriser les relations entre la recherche académique et les applications commerciales, pour améliorer les innovations médicales et associer des chimistes de l'état solide avec des praticiens hospitaliers en contact direct avec les patients ayant des problèmes dentaires. Ce projet proposait trois thèses de doctorat permettant de répondre aux conséquences des caries et d'érosion de l'émail par les aliments acides, l'idée de base étant de favoriser la reminéralisation pour éviter ces problèmes. Les recherches ont évolué de manière indépendante selon trois voies distinctes examinant trois matériaux différents qui pourraient amener des solutions potentielles. Le sujet principal de cette thèse concerne l'étude de poudres de verre borosilicaté présentant une séparation de phases et pouvant être incorporées dans des ciments verre ionomères. Les verres borosilicatés sont des matériaux prometteurs qui ont été largement étudiés pour des applications biomédicales, comme par exemple les échafaudages dans les tissus mous où la réparation osseuse. Par analogie avec les verres silicatés développés par Hench en 1969, qui sont reconnus pour leur bioactivité et leurs propriétés antimicrobiennes, les verres borosilicatés pourraient intéresser la dentisterie. Le système de verre étudié ici est un verre basé sur l'association de 5 constituants, SiO2-K2O-B2O3-CaO-Al2O3, qui a une forte tendance à la séparation des phases. L'objectif de ce travail est d'élaborer par fusion/trempe puis caractériser une série de nouvelles formulations de verres borosilicatés, puis de comprendre le mécanisme et la cinétique de dissolution en relation avec leur microstructure et leur composition. La variation des proportions de chaque constituant est déterminée par l'approche des plans d'expérience. L'utilisation d'un traitement thermique pour favoriser la séparation des phases en vue d'influencer le taux de libération cationique a été spécialement étudiée. Le processus de dissolution des borosilicates dans une solution aqueuse neutre (fluide corporel simulé) ou dans une solution acide (simulant des scénarios où des bactéries ou des aliments acides sont présents) fournit des informations sur le type et la concentration des espèces libérées par le verre. Différentes compositions ont été étudiées dans lesquelles SiO2 et K2O sont fixés tandis que les autres éléments varient afin d'évaluer l'effet sur la séparation de phases. Les cinétiques de dissolution des ions B-, Si-, Ca-, K- et Al- peuvent alors être reliées à la chimie du verre et à la microstructure. La séparation de phases amorphes (APS) provoque la séparation d'une phase unique initialement homogène en deux phases ou plus de compositions différentes. Le degré d'interconnectivité des deux phases vitreuses dépend de la nature du mécanisme de séparation de phases. Les verres élaborés sont optiquement transparents, puis deviennent plus ou moins opalescents suite à un traitement thermique. Le degré d'opacité est clairement dépendant de la proportion des éléments entrant dans la composition du verre. Le schéma de la libération d'ions implique que l'une des phases est plus réactive et sensible à l'attaque ; elle sera dissoute plus rapidement du verre... [etc] / The research for efficient dental materials has been a constant throughout the history of dentistry. As better materials emerged, the development of ever more innovative materials has been pushed forward. Moreover the combination of different sciences such as chemistry, biology, physics and engineering has provided better knowledge to the demanding requirements of the dental restorations. The BIODENSOL project is a European commission funded mobility research project managed by the University of Lyon and LUCIDEON Ltd, Stoke-on-Trent, UK. The project is designed to help building relations between academic and commercial research to enhance medical innovations and associates solid state chemists and hospital practicioners in direct contact with the patients with dental problems. This project proposes three PhD studies to address the problems of caries and enamel erosion by acidic foods (leading to sensitive teeth) encouraging re-mineralization to help avoid these problems. The researches independently evolved in three different routes investigating three different materials that could provide potential solutions. The main objective of this thesis concerns the study of Borosilicate phase separated glass powders for glass ionomer cements. As silicate bioglasses developed by Hench in 1969, regarding their bioactivity and antimicrobial properties, borosilicates glasses are promising materials and have been widely studied for biomedical applications for scaffolds in soft tissues and for bone repair and could be of interest in dentistry. The glass system studied here is a borosilicate glass (SiO2-K2O-B2O3-CaO-Al2O3) with a strong tendency to phase separate. The objective of this work is to characterize a series of the novel borosilicate formulations and to understand the mechanism and kinetic of dissolution related to their microstructure and composition. The use of thermal treatment to promote phase separation as a means of influencing the rate of ion leaching was especially studied. The dissolution process of borosilicates in neutral body solution (simulating body fluid) or in acid solution (simulating scenarios where bacteria or acid foods are present) provides information regarding the type and concentration of species released by the glass. Different compositions have been investigated in which SiO2 and K2O are fixed while the other elements are varied in order to assess the effect on the phase separation. As the novel borosilicates produced with the meltquenching technique is immersed in an aqueous environment, B-, Si-, Ca-, K- and Al- species are released to different degrees as a function of the time. Ion leaching trends can be related to the glass chemistry and microstructure. It has been shown that the amorphous phase separation (APS) causes an initially homogeneous single phase to separate into two or more phases of different compositions. The degree of interconnectivity of the two glass phases depend on the nature of the phase separation mechanism. This process can occur by a nucleation and growth process which gives isolated spherical particles or by spinodal decomposition where an interconnected structure is obtained. It is significant that before a heat-treatment the glasses are optically clear, but turn opalescent to different degrees following a heat treatment depending on the wt% of the elements in the composition. The pattern of the ion release implies that one of the phases is more reactive and susceptible to acid attack and will be leached out from the glass earlier. The other phase will remain in the cement improving the mechanical properties of the dental restorative material. Moreover, the mixing of the glass powder with a commercial poly(acrylic acid) has shown interesting mechanical and bioactive properties. This work showed how the ions leaching are influenced by the glass composition and the heat-treatment... [etc]

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:30:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_fg_me_araca.pdf: 2551755 bytes, checksum: 87cfaf51056a1808db592481a611efb3 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar através das análises clínica e clínica/fotográfica o comportamento de 124 restaurações de lesões cervicais não cariosas, realizadas com uma resina composta ou com um ionômero de vidro modificado por resina, nos períodos de 6 e 12 meses após suas realizações. Foram formados 3 grupos de estudo, de acordo com os materiais e técnicas empregadas. Previamente à aplicação dos materiais adesivos, todos os dentes receberam o condicionamento com ácido fosfórico a 37% em esmalte e dentina. Após, os dentes pertencentes ao grupo I receberam o sistema adesivo convencional Scotchbond Multi Uso, seguido pela resina composta Filtek Z350; os do grupo II apenas o material ionomérico modificado por resina Fuji II L.C., enquanto que os do grupo III foram restaurados com o mesmo material ionomérico, entretanto, previamente à sua inserção, receberam a aplicação de duas camadas do primer do sistema adesivo ScotchBond Multi Uso. Após o acabamento e polimento, as restaurações foram fotografadas, bem como aos 6 e 12 meses após suas realizações. Os dentes foram avaliados por 2 examinadores, quanto aos fatores retenção, adaptação marginal, descoloração marginal, alteração de cor, presença de lesão de cárie marginal, forma anatômica e sensibilidade na análise clínica; e na análise clínica/fotográfica quanto aos fatores retenção, descoloração marginal, localização da gengiva marginal, alteração de cor e forma anatômica da restauração. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste de Kappa observando um grau de concordância acima de 80% entre os examinadores. A aplicação do Teste de Kruskal-Wallis não apontou diferença estatisticamente significante, na análise clínica, para as variáveis forma anatômica, descoloração marginal, alteração de cor, lesão de cárie, adaptação... / The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of 124 restorations of non-carious cervical lesion through clinical and clinical/photographic analyses. The restorations were made in composite resin or resin-modified glass ionomer and evaluated after 6 and 12 months. Three groups were obtained according to the materials and techniques. Previously to the application of the adhesive materials, all teeth were submitted to acid etching with 37% phosphoric acid in enamel and dentine. Then, the teeth of group I received the conventional adhesive system Scotchbond Multi-Purpose followed by the composite resin Filtek Z350; the teeth of group II received only the resin-modified ionomeric material Fuji II L.C.; and the teeth of group III were restored with the same ionomeric material after application of two layers of the primer of the adhesive system Scotchbond Multi-Purpose. The restorations were photographed immediately after this procedure and after 6 and 12 months. The teeth were evaluated by 2 examiners regarding retention, marginal fit, marginal discoloration, color alteration, presence of marginal caries and sensitivity during the clinical evaluation. The clinical/photographic analysis evaluated retention, marginal discoloration, localization of the marginal gingiva, color alteration and anatomy of the restoration. The results were submitted to the Kappa test that revealed degree of agreement above 80% between the examiners. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed no statistically significant difference in the clinical analysis for anatomy, marginal discoloration, color alteration, caries, marginal fit and sensitivity among the three groups for each period of evaluation. However, there was statistically significant difference for retention at the 12-month follow-up considering that the group III was superior in comparison to the group II. The... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)

Orientador: Angela Cristina Cilense Zuanon / Banca: Mariane Emi Sanabe / Banca: Paulo Zárate Pereira / Banca: Ticiana Sidorenko de Oliveira Capote / Banca: Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz / Resumo: Proposição: O objetivo deste trabalho, dividido em três estudos, foi investigar o efeito após a aplicação de ondas de ultrassom sobre cimentos de ionômero de vidro (CIV) (1) a dureza da dentina subjacente, hígida e afetada por cárie; (2) a resistência de união à dentina hígida e afetada por cárie (3) e à rugosidade do material após ensaio de escovação. Materiais e métodos: Nos três estudos foram utilizados os CIV Vitremer (VT) e Ketac Molar Easymix (KM). Para o estudo 1 foram realizados preparos cavitários (3 mm de largura, 5 mm de comprimento e 2 mm de profundidade) na face vestibular de 80 incisivos bovinos. Foi realizada a indução de lesão de cárie artificial pelo método microbiológico (n=40). Os dentes foram distribuídos em 8 grupos (n=10), segundo o substrato (hígido ou afetado por cárie), material utilizado (VT ou KM) e o tratamento recebido (com ou sem a aplicação de ondas de ultrassom). A aplicação de ondas de ultrassom foi realizada por 30 segundos. Após 30 dias de armazenagem em água os dentes foram seccionados e as leituras de dureza Knoop realizadas na dentina subjacente ao material até 200 μm de distância da interface dentina/CIV. No segundo estudo foram confeccionados 20 blocos de dentina bovina para cada material, sendo que 10 deles foram submetidos ao processo de indução de lesão de cárie artificial e subsequente remoção da dentina contaminada. Em cada bloco foram confeccionados dois corpos de prova com 1,5 cm de altura e 3 cm de diâmetro, sendo o primeiro com e o segundo sem a aplicação de 30 segundos de ondas de ultrassom. Após 24 horas, os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao ensaio mecânico de cisalhamento. No terceiro trabalho 32 espécimes de cada material, VT e KM, foram confeccionados em matriz de dente bovino, sendo que a metade recebeu ondas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Aim: This work was divided into three studies. The objective was to investigate the effect of ultrasound application on glass ionomer cement (GIC), analyzing underlying dentin hardness, bond strength to noncarious dentin and cariesaffected dentin and the material roughness after toothbrushing test. Materials and methods: GIC Vitremer (VT) and Easymix Ketac Molar (KM) were used in these studies. In the first study, cavities (3 mm wide, 5 mm in length and 2 mm deep) were performed on the buccal surface of eighty bovine incisors. Microbiological method was used to induce artificial caries lesions (n = 40). The teeth were divided into 8 groups (n = 10), according the substrate (noncarious dentin or caries-affected dentin), the material used (VT or KM) and the treatment received (with or without ultrasound application). The ultrasound application was performed for 30 seconds, and teeth stored in water for 30 days. After that, the specimens were sectioned and transversal hardness evaluation was performed in the underlying dentin material up to depth of 200 μm. In the second study, 20 dentin blocks were used for each material. Ten of them were artificially decayed and performed subsequent removal of infected dentin. In each block, two specimens (1.5 cm high and 3 cm diameter) were performed, the first with and the second without ultrasound application. After 24 hours the specimens were shear bonding tested. For the third study 32 specimens of each material, VT and KM, were prepared using a bovine tooth matrix. Half of them received a 30 s ultrasound application during its initial setting. The surface roughness, before and after toothbrushing test, was evaluated at 24 hours (n = 16) and 30 days (n = 16). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests. For all the studies, the statistical tests were considered at the present level... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Objetivo: avaliar o desempenho clínico e radiográfico da resina bulk fill em cavidades classe II em molares decíduos em comparação ao cimento de lonômero de vidro modificado por resina Metodologia: Estudo clínico em que participaram 16 crianças entre 4 a 7 anos de idade, apresentando, lesões de cárie nas superfícies oclusal e/ proximal sem sinal ou sintomatologia de pulpite irreversível. Foram restaurados 39 dentes sendo 21 com cimento de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina (CIVMR) e 18 com resina bulk fill (RBF).Os materiais foram alocados a cada dente por sorteio e as restaurações executadas pelo mesmo operador. A avaliação clínica foi realizada, imediatamente, e após um e seis meses de acordo com os critérios United States Public Health Service - USPHS (retenção, coloração, adaptação marginal, coloração marginal, cárie secundária, textura superficial e forma anatômica). Radiográfica foram obtidas imediatamente e após seis meses. Para a análise estatística o teste U de Mann Whitney foi aplicado. Resultados: Ambos materiais apresentaram baixo índice pelos critérios de falhas clínicas ou radiográficas, porém diferença significante foi encontrada para a forma anatômica (0,0146), sendo a RBF o material de melhor desempenho neste critério. Conclusão: Os dois materiais apresentaram desempenho satisfatório, para restaurações classe II em molares decíduos no período de seis meses, porém, para o critério forma anatômica a RBF apresentou desempenho superior. / Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the clinical and radiographic performance of bulk fill resin when used as Class II restorations in primary molars compared to resin-modified glass ionomer cement Methodology: A total of 16 children, aged 4-7 years old, having caries on the occlusal and/proximal surfaces without signs and/or symptoms of irreversible pulpits were selected. It was placed 39 restorations in primary molars, 21 were of (RMGIC). randomly allocated for a each tooth am the restoration performed by one trained operator and 18 of bulk fill resin (BFR). The materials and the teeth were selected by lottery and done by the same operator. The restorations were evaluated clinically at baseline and after 1 and 6 months following the criteria of United States Public Health Service - USPHS (retention, color, marginal adaptation, marginal discoloration, tooth secondary, surface texture and anatomical form) X-ray images were taken at baseline and after 6 months. For the statistical analysis was perfomed using the Mann-Whitney U test (X = 0,05). Results: Both materials showed few failures of clinical and radiographic evaluations, however significant difference was found for the anatomical form (0.0146), being the BFR the material of better performance for this criterion. Conclusion: Both materials presented satisfactory performance, at 6 months for Class II restoring in primary molars, however for anatomical form the BFR showed better performance. / Dissertação (Mestrado)

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-10-26T11:47:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Vanessa Maria Freire Abílio.pdf: 2920508 bytes, checksum: 9dd2d9baca2d37200df8d4240c629561 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-11-16T14:20:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Vanessa Maria Freire Abílio.pdf: 2920508 bytes, checksum: 9dd2d9baca2d37200df8d4240c629561 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-16T14:20:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Vanessa Maria Freire Abílio.pdf: 2920508 bytes, checksum: 9dd2d9baca2d37200df8d4240c629561 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-15 / Digital image is a breakthrough in dental radiology characterized by being a quick and easy method of obtaining and evaluating of images. The aim of this study was to compare the semi-direct digital system (Digora Optime®) with the indirect digital system (CCD digital camera) in relation to radiopacity of dental materials indicated as base or liner. In addition, it was proposed to verify the influence of different exposure times and focus-film distances on the degree of radiopacity shown by these materials. A total of 10 specimens (4 X 2 mm) were made for each brand of restorative material employed (KetacTM Molar Easymix, Vidrion F, GC Fugi LiningTM LC, VitrebondTM, FiltekMR Z350 XT Flow and Tetric® N Flow), total of 60 specimens, by using an acrylic matrix. The specimens were radiographed together with an aluminum scale and cross-sections of teeth with 2 mm by both digital systems in four combinations of exposure time / different focus-film distances (0.12 s / 20 cm; 0.12 s /40 cm, 0.25 s /20 cm, 0.25 s /40 cm). The radiopacity of radiographed structures was measured using the tool “analyze histogram” on the software Image J. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests: Wilcoxon, Mann- Whitney and Student’s t test. Only Vidrion F showed radiopacity lower than that of dentin and 2-mm cross-sections with statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) for all cases using the semi-direct digital system and for some cases using the indirect digital system. The radiopacity means for all materials studied were significantly higher (p <0.05) when the semi-direct digital system (Digora Optime®) was used. There was significant difference (p <0.05) in the radiopacity of the materials – except for Vidrion F – when exposure time and focus-film distance changed. It was concluded that the semi-direct digital system (Digora optime®) was more precise for measuring radiopacity compared to the indirect digital system. Thus, the semi-direct procedure is indicated to be used clinically as an auxiliary diagnostic method. / A imagem digital representa um grande avanço na Radiologia Odontológica, uma vez que constitui um método rápido de obtenção de imagem e de fácil avaliação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o sistema digital semi-direto utilizando o Digora Optime® com o sistema digital indireto que utilizou câmera digital de CCD, frente à radiopacidade dos materiais dentários indicados para base ou forramento, bem como verificar a influência da variação de tempo de exposição e da distância foco- filme no grau de radiopacidade apresentado por estes materiais. Foram confeccionados 10 corpos-de prova (4 X 2 mm) para cada marca de material dentário utilizada (KetacTM Molar Easymix, Vidrion F, GC Fugi LiningTM LC, VitrebondTM, tetricMR Z350 XT Flow e Tetric® N Flow), totalizando 60 espécimes, usando uma matriz acrílica. Os corpos-de-prova foram radiografados junto a uma escala de alumínio e secções transversais de dentes com 2mm, por ambos os sistemas digitais em quatro combinações de tempo de exposição/distância foco-filme diferentes(0,12s/20cm; 0,12s/40cm; 0,25s/20cm e 0,25s/40cm). A radiopacidade das estruturas radiografadas foram mensuradas utilizando a função analyse histogram do programa Image J. O dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva e através dos testes não- paramétrico de Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney e teste T de Sudent. Apenas o Vidrion F apresentou radiopacidade inferior a dentina e ao degrau de 2mm do penetrômetro, sendo esta diferença significativa (p<0,05), para todas as situações utilizando o sistema digital semi-direto e, para algumas situações, utilizando o sistema digital indireto. As médias de radiopacidade para todos os materiais estudados foram significativamente maiores (p<0,05) quando foi utilizado o sistema digital semi-direto (Digora Optime®). Houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) na radiopacidade dos materiais, exceto para o Vidrion F, quando ocorreu variação no tempo de exposição, bem como quando ocorreu variação na distância foco-filme. Conclui-se que o sistema digital semi-direto (Digora optime®) mostrou ser mais preciso para as medições de radiopacidade quando comparado ao sistema digital indireto, sendo nesta situação mais indicado para ser utilizado clinicamente como método auxiliar de diagnóstico.