Problem - A new kind of companies was identified twenty years ago, the BornGlobals (BGs).Those companies tend to go abroad in a very early stage, sometimesright after their inception. Although the Western literature has showed much progressin studying this phenomenon and developing many theories, its Chinese counterparthas not been developed in the same degree. Meanwhile, due to the limitation ofliterature translation and different process of knowledge accumulation, the emergenceof the Chinese BGs raises many questions about its reasons, drive factors andformation mechanism. Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the new phenomenon of BGs inChinese firms, increase a better understanding of relevant theories, and investigate thekey factors of Chinese BGs' emergence. Design - The paper draws on previous studies on Western perspective of BGs. Inorder to be less influenced by Western theories, an inductive approach is used formultiple case study of two Chinese companies. Semi structured interviews wereconducted with the representative from each company through telephone and CMCinterviews. Findings - The main reason of Chinese BGs internationalize very early is to becomedeveloped and strong, so that they can re-enter their domestic market. Their truevision is to go abroad and begin to operate in a less hostile environment than the onein China. Education, prior knowledge, technology and networks were found to be ofsimilar great importance as in the western literature. On the other hand, their growth isalso facilitated by the low costs that exist in China. In the global market, they haveaccess to materials and human resources to allow them to have a competitiveadvantage. At the end, the model representing our findings is developed. Practical implications - This study provides the information on how the founders ofBGs think and act, and which traits characterize them and give a better view on whythese firms became BGs and how they will continue their expansion. As well as, helpmanagers to understand how Chinese BGs will proceed and let them be able to actproactively. Originality/value - The findings of study may develop the BG literature, especially inthe area of China, and confirm or challenge other existing theories. The paperconfirmed the western literature in many points, but also provided new informationabout the vision of these companies in China.

The Roobots are a robot soccer team which participated in the RoboCup small-sized robot league competition in the years 2000, 2001 and 2002, when they finished in fourth place. This thesis describes the design of the robots in the 2002 team. Design issues for mobile robots in the RoboCup small-sized robot league are reviewed. The design decisions are presented. Finally, some lessons learnt for system design and project management from the three years of competition are presented.

Uppsatsens syfte är att analysera hur nedskalning av en global vision till en lokal kontext tar sig uttryck i Oslo kommuns klimatstrategi. Valet av Oslo kommuns klimatstrategi som studieobjekt baserades på Oslos samarbete med UN-Habitat samt utnämnandet av Oslo till Europas miljöhuvudstad 2019 och Norges petroleumverksamhet. Dokumentet Klimastrategi mot Oslo 2030 (2020) har analyserats utifrån begreppen Urbanitet och Hållbar övergång samt innebörden med nedskalning av klimatpolitiken och tre förmedlingsmetoder. Uppsatsen förankras i den tidigare forskningen som behandlar Köpenhamn och Stockholm. För att besvara frågeställningarna; vilka åtgärder presenteras som viktigast för att bli en nollutsläppsstad 2030? Hur beskrivs kopplingarna mellan den lokala klimatstrategin och den globala måluppfyllelsen? Vad finns det för kritiska punkter med strategins åtgärder och lösningar? används en kvalitativ analysmetod där empirin och den vetenskapliga förankringen får lika mycket utrymme. Utifrån den avslutande diskussionen framkommer det i slutsatserna att den största åtgärden i klimatstrategin är CCS-anläggningen på Klemetsrud. Även en fossilfri omställning av transportsektorn samt en minskad energianvändning är av vikt för att Oslo ska lyckas bli en nollutsläppsstad till 2030. Det belyses att den lokala utsläppsredovisningen påverkar den globala måluppfyllelsen. De kritiska punkterna i klimatstrategin som identifierats är; oklarhet gällande biobränslets framtida roll, den diffusa målformuleringen i Indirekta utsläpp samt problematiken med att ta efter åtgärder och lösningar från strategin för andra internationella städer. / The purpose of the thesis is to analyze how downscaling of a global climate vision to a local context is expressed in Oslo Muncipality’s climate strategy. The choice of Oslo municipality's climate strategy as a study object was based on Oslo's collaboration with UN-Habitat, the nomination of Oslo as Europe's environmental capital in 2019 and Norway's petroleum operations. The document Klimastrategi mot Oslo 2030 (2020) has been analyzed on the basis of the concepts of Urbanity and Sustainable Transition, as well as the meaning of downsizing climate policy and three communication methods. The thesis is anchored in the previous research that treats Copenhagen and Stockholm. To answer the questions; which measures are presented as most important to become a zero-emission city in 2030? How are the links between the local climate strategy and global goal fulfillment described? What are the critical points of the strategy's measures and solutions? a qualitative analysis method is used where the empirical data and the scientific foundation are given equal space. Based on the concluding discussion, it appears from the conclusions that the largest measure in the climate strategy is the CCS facility at Klemetsrud. A fossil-free restructuring of the transport sector and a reduction in energy use are also important for Oslo to succeed in becoming a zero-emission city by 2030. It is highlighted that local emission accounting affects global target fulfillment. The critical points in the climate strategy that have been identified are; uncertainty regarding the future role of biofuels, the diffuse goal formulation in Indirect Emissions and the problem of following measures and solutions from the strategy for other international cities.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KelsonRTA.pdf: 822338 bytes, checksum: 2e3a06ae915ace956aac24995e24973f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-03-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Navigation based on visual feedback for robots, working in a closed environment, can be obtained settling a camera in each robot (local vision system). However, this solution requests a camera and capacity of local processing for each robot. When possible, a global vision system is a cheapest solution for this problem. In this case, one or a little amount of cameras, covering all the workspace, can be shared by the entire team of robots, saving the cost of a great amount of cameras and the associated processing hardware needed in a local vision system. This work presents the implementation and experimental results of a global vision system for mobile mini-robots, using robot soccer as test platform. The proposed vision system consists of a camera, a frame grabber and a computer (PC) for image processing. The PC is responsible for the team motion control, based on the visual feedback, sending commands to the robots through a radio link. In order for the system to be able to unequivocally recognize each robot, each one has a label on its top, consisting of two colored circles. Image processing algorithms were developed for the eficient computation, in real time, of all objects position (robot and ball) and orientation (robot). A great problem found was to label the color, in real time, of each colored point of the image, in time-varying illumination conditions. To overcome this problem, an automatic camera calibration, based on clustering K-means algorithm, was implemented. This method guarantees that similar pixels will be clustered around a unique color class. The obtained experimental results shown that the position and orientation of each robot can be obtained with a precision of few millimeters. The updating of the position and orientation was attained in real time, analyzing 30 frames per second / A navega??o baseada em realimenta??o visual para rob?s, trabalhando em um ambiente fechado, pode ser obtida instalando-se uma c?mera em cada rob? (sistema de vis?o local). Esta solu??o, entretanto, requer uma c?mera e capacidade de processamento embarcado para cada rob?. Quando poss?vel, um sistema de vis?o global ? uma solu??o barata para este problema. Neste caso, uma ou uma pequena quantidade de c?meras, cobrindo todo o espa?o de trabalho, pode ser compartilhada pelos rob?s, diminuindo o custo de uma grande quantidade de c?meras e o hardware de processamento necess?rio a um sistema de vis?o local. Este trabalho apresenta a implementa??o e os resultados experimentais de um sistema de vis?o global para uma frota de mini-rob?s m?veis, utilizando como plataforma de testes uma partida de futebol entre rob?s. O sistema de vis?o proposto consiste de uma c?mera, uma placa digitalizadora de imagens e um computador (PC) para o processamento das imagens. O PC ? respons?vel pelo controle dos rob?s, baseado em realimenta??o visual, enviando comandos aos rob?s atrav?s de um transmissor de r?dio. Com o objetivo de possibilitar ao sistema reconhecer unicamente cada rob?, eles possuem r?tulos em seu topo, consistindo de dois c?rculos coloridos. Algoritmos de processamento de imagem foram desenvolvidos para o c?mputo eficiente, em tempo real, da posi??o (rob? e bola) e orienta??o (rob?) dos objetos em campo. Um grande problema encontrado foi rotular a cor, em tempo real, cada ponto colorido da imagem, em condi??es de varia??o de luminosidade. Para resolver este problema, um software de calibra??o autom?tica da c?mera, baseado no algoritmo de aglomera??o K-means, foi implementado. Este m?todo garante que pixels similares sejam agrupados ao redor de uma ?nica classe de cor. Os resultados experimentais obtidos mostram que a posi??o e a orienta??o de cada rob? pode ser obtida com uma precis?o de poucos mil?metros. A atualiza??o das informa??es de posi??o e orienta??o foi realizada em tempo real, analisando 30 quadros por segundo

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Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés aux protocoles pair-à-pair (P2P), qui représentent une solution prometteuse pour la diffusion et le partage de données à faible coût sur Internet. Nous avons mené, dans un premier temps, une étude comportementale de différents protocoles P2P pour le partage de fichier (distribution de contenus sans contrainte de temps) puis le live. Dans la première étude centréesur le partage de fichier, nous avons montré l’impact d’Hadopi sur le comportement des utilisateurs et discuté l’efficacité des protocoles en fonction du contenu et l’efficacité protocolaire, en se basant sur les choix des utilisateurs. BitTorrent s’est nettement démarqué au cours de cette étude, notamment pour les grands contenus. En ce qui concerne le live, nous nous sommes intéressés à la qualité de servicedu réseau de distribution live Sopcast, car plus de 60% des événements live diffusés en P2P le sont sur ce réseau. Notre analyse approfondie de ces deux modes de distribution nous a fait nous recentrer sur BitTorrent, qui est à la base de tous les protocoles P2P Live, et est efficace en partage de fichier et complètement open source. Dans la seconde partie de la thèse, nous avons proposé et implémenté dansun environnement contrôlé un nouveau protocole sur la base de BitTorrent avec des mécanismes protocolaires impliquant tous les pairs dans la gestion du réseau. Ces nouveaux mécanismes permettent d’augmenter l’efficacité du protocole via une meilleure diffusion, tant pour le live que le partage de fichier, de métadonnées (la pièce la plus rare) et via une méthode dite de push, par laquelle un client va envoyer du contenu aux pairs les plus dans le besoin / In this study, we focused on peer-to-peer protocols (P2P), which represent a promising solution for data dissemination and content delivery at low-cost in the Internet. We performed, initially, a behavioral study of various P2P protocols for file sharing (content distribution without time constraint) and live streaming. Concerning file sharing, we have shown the impact of Hadopi on users’ behavior and discussed the effectiveness of protocols according to content type, based on users’ choice. BitTorrent appeared as the most efficient approach during our study, especially when it comes to large content. As for streaming, we studied the quality of service of Sopcast, a live distribution network that accounts for more than 60% of P2P broadcast live events. Our in-depth analysis of these two distributionmodes led us to focus on the BitTorrent protocol because of its proven efficiency in file sharing and the fact that it is open source. In the second part of the thesis, we proposed and implemented a new protocol based on BitTorrent, in a controlled environment. The modifications that we proposed allow to increase the efficiency of the protocol through improved dissemination of metadata (the rarest piece), both for live and file sharing. An enhanced version is introduced with a push method, where nodes that lag behind receive an extra service so as to improve the overall performance