A malária é uma doença tropical de grande relevância para a saúde pública no mundo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi construir a curva endêmica das espécies de Plasmodium falciparum e vivax, no período de 2003 a 2012 no Garimpo do Lourenço, verificando o efeito da periodicidade e da sazonalidade. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, de série temporal e de caráter descritivo e exploratório, cujos dados foram obtidos do SIVEP-Malária, e o número de casos notificados ao mês foi utilizado como a variável dependente. Na amostra desta série 69% dos infectados eram do sexo masculino. As taxas cumulativas de infecção por gênero foram similares, sendo a infecção por P.vivax responsável por 75,4% das infecções em mulheres e por 72% do total de infecção em homens. As taxas por faixa etária foram de 72% entre 15 a 49 anos e de 39,6% em menores de 15 anos. Quanto à escolaridade, 66,57% não estudaram ou tinham menos de quatro anos de escolaridade. Observou-se um total de 12.357 infecções, de 12.056 casos novos e de 301 lâminas de verificação de cura (LVC). A infecção em garimpeiros foi responsável por cerca de 40% dessas infecções. Na avaliação da curva endêmica, realizada por meio do teste Augmented Dickey-Fuller, observou-se a ausência de estacionariedade das duas espécies (p > 0,05). A periodicidade, avaliada pelo teste G de Fisher, não evidenciou diferença estatisticamente significativa para os períodos da infecção no curso do ano para nenhuma das duas espécies (p > 0,05). O contexto observado nas zonas de garimpo da Amazônia Brasileira poderiam ser apoiadas por ações de controle ambiental e pesquisas, direcionados aos mosquitos transmissores, ao comportamento das espécies e aos aspectos climáticos, além do apoio à rede de serviços de saúde, de forma a interromper a cadeia de transmissão e controlar a endemia em patamares reduzidos nessa região garimpeira específica. / Malaria is a tropical disease of great relevance for the world’s public health. The objective of the present study was to construct the endemic curve of the species falciparum and vivax during the period starting from 2003 until 2012 in gold mining of Lourenço, assessing the effect of periodicity and seasonality. The present is an ecological time-series, descriptive and exploratory study, whose data were obtained from the SIVEP-Malária, using the number of cases per month as the dependent variable. 69% of those infected were male. Cumulative rates of infection by gender were similar, where vivax was responsible of 75.4% of the infections in females, and of 72% in males. Rates by age were 72% in those between 15 to 49 years old, and of 39.9% in those younger than 15 years old. Regarding literacy, 66.57% of the sample had never studied or had less than four years of schooling. It was observed a total of 12357 infections, 12056 new cases and 301 cure verification slides (CVS). Infection of gold miners was responsible of around 40% of the cases. Endemic curve assessment was performed using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, showing absence of seasonality of the two species (p > 0.05). Periodicity was assessed using the Fisher’s G test that did not show statistically significant difference for the infection periods along the year among the two species (p > 0.05). The context observed in the mining areas of the Brazilian Amazon could be supported by environmental control measures and research, targeted to mosquitoes, the behavior of species and climatic aspects and the support to the network of health services in order to stop the transmission chain and control endemic at low levels that specific gold mining region.

Desde o final dos anos 1980, o Suriname presencia um fluxo migratório, sem precedentes, de brasileiros em direção ao seu território. A corrida do ouro é o principal fator que vem atraindo levas de garimpeiros e redirecionando, também, toda a rede que o garimpo agrega. A mineração é uma atividade de grande importância econômica para o Suriname, já que sua economia é altamente dependente da extração aurífera, sendo majoritariamente desenvolvida de modo informal e, sobretudo, por brasileiros que vivem nesse país em situação irregular. Assim, nesta tese analisamos as mobilidades dos garimpeiros, no e para o Suriname, atreladas à mineração do ouro em pequena escala, levando em conta que tais dinâmicas estão imersas em variados contextos multiterritoriais, além de envolverem distintos agentes com interesses convergentes e/ou divergentes. A metodologia utilizada inclui pesquisa de campo nas principais cidades que fazem parte desses itinerários tanto no Brasil quanto nos demais países do Platô das Guianas , assim como nas áreas de garimpo situadas na floresta amazônica surinamesa, além de levantamento de bibliografia secundária, consulta de documentos oficiais em arquivos, bibliotecas e órgãos do governo e demais fontes de arquivamento. Juntamente com a contribuição da pesquisa empírica original sobre as implicações transnacionais da mineração do ouro na Bacia Amazônica, a presente tese propõe a exploração teórica das territorialidades emergentes e suas consequências em meio à multiterritorialidade, além dos respectivos processos territoriais implicados nela, a partir da interpretação dessas complexas mobilidades transgressoras. Desse modo, demonstramos que os garimpeiros estão inseridos em assimétricas relações de poder e variados quadros morais que envolvem, dentre outros, populações tradicionais, agentes do capital privado atrelados à mineração em média/grande escala e o Estado. A coexistência e a sobreposição dessas múltiplas lógicas territoriais influenciam decisivamente nas negociações, tensões e conflitos, redefinindo regras, interações e significados, tanto nos territórios da garimpagem quanto nos demais setores da mineração do ouro. / Since the late 1980s, Suriname has been experiencing an unprecedented flow of Brazilian immigrants into its territory. The gold rush has been the main factor attracting waves of garimpeiros and redirecting the entire network related to mining. Mining is of great economic importance for Suriname. The economy is highly dependent on gold extraction, which for the most part has been developed informally and primarily by irregular Brazilian immigrants. Therefore, in this thesis, we analyzed mobilities of garimpeiros associated with small-scale gold mining in and toward Suriname. We considered these dynamics as embedded within diverse multi-territorial contexts, involving particular agents with convergent and or divergent interests. The methodology applied in this study included field research in the main cities that form part of these itineraries. These cities are located in Brazil and other countries in the Guiana Shield, as well as in mining areas in the Surinamese Amazon forest. In addition, we conducted secondary research, which included consulting official documents in archives, libraries, government institutions, and other archival resources. In combination with the original empirical research concerning the transnational implications of gold mining in the Amazon basin, we aimed to theoretically explore emergent territorialities and their consequences in a multi-territory setting, as well as the respective territorial processes involved in it (starting from interpretations of complex transgressive mobilities). We thus demonstrated that garimpeiros are caught up in asymmetrical power relationships and diverse moral frameworks involving agents such as traditional populations, agents of private capital involved in medium- or large-scale mining initiatives, and the State. The coexistence and intersections of multiple territorial logics decisively influence negotiations, tensions, and conflicts. In addition, they redefine rules, interactions, and meanings in mining territories, as well as other areas related to gold mining.

The diploma thesis deals with fundamental share analyss in order to propose a variant of investing in shares of selected gold mining companies. The subject is macroeconomic analysis of the environment in which selected gold mining companies operate, gold industry analysis and company analysis comprising evaluation of the development of corporate indicators and their issued shares. On the basis of these analyzes ind inter-company comparison, the most profitable options will be proposed to the management of the hedge fund.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第24907号 / 農博第2570号 / 新制||農||1102(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 柴田 昌三, 教授 松下 幸司, 教授 德地 直子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:35:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NUBIO VICENTE DA SILVA PARTE 1.pdf: 14539839 bytes, checksum: 4790d54eb1ea64df13e58b0de9bf6238 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-28 / This research seeks to inform readers of how the multicultural space of prospector works , the way of life, rites, beliefs and symbols that are part of this context in the gold mining region of the Vale do Araguaia, Aragarças municipality, state of Goiás, in the 1990s. It will be applyed the concepts of culture, myths, representations and imagery as a way to address a social reality narrated in part by chronic based on the sources of oral history with an emphasis and highlights the advent of the new Cultural History, with its strands oriented studies and appreciation of cultural minorities, this is one in which, before overlooked by traditional historians. This research meets its aim within its bounds whose categorization will be an applied, descriptive and explanatory form. And the approach to the problem involves the qualitative method because it seeks to interpret the phenomena from the understanding of their inter-relationships and examines the cultural coexistence within the mining. Techniques and procedures will be used for both the research literature, the research participant with the oral interviews by data collection applied to miners and former miners. The data will be also collected through research in archives of public bodies of the municipality. Include participant observation and non-participant, using a questionnaire with open questions using the form to be completed by the researcher before the informant. Therefore, the fruit of this production aims to contribute socially informative and enlightening as a tool that helps in the pursuit of scientific knowledge and demystifies the world of mining to romance, common sense and prejudices formed on top of gold mining activity and mining man, who turn, the social scene is fading due to bans these activities in Brazil, leading multinational mining companies. Why there was a concern to record these historical facts to perpetuate the importance that the mines were in the process of economic and social growth of the country and that this story comes to the attention of future generations. / Esta pesquisa procura levar ao conhecimento dos leitores como funciona o espaço multicultural do homem garimpeiro, o modo de viver, os ritos, as crenças e as simbologias que integram esse contexto na região garimpeira do vale do Araguaia, município de Aragarças, estado de Goiás, na década de 1990. Aplicar-se-á os conceitos de cultura, mitos, representações e imaginário como forma de abordar uma realidade social narrada em parte por crônicas fundamentadas nas fontes da história oral e destaca com ênfase o advento da História Cultural com suas novas vertentes voltadas aos estudos e valorização das minorias culturais, no qual essa é uma, antes menosprezadas pelos historiadores tradicionais. Pesquisa essa, que cumpre o objetivo dentro dos seus limites cuja classificação será de forma aplicada, descritiva e explicativa. E a abordagem do problema envolve o método qualitativo, pois busca a interpretação dos fenômenos a partir da compreensão de suas inter-relações e analisa a convivência cultural dentro do garimpo. Como técnicas e procedimentos serão utilizados tanto a pesquisa bibliográfica, quanto a pesquisa participante com a realização de entrevistas orais por meio de coleta de dados aplicada a garimpeiros e ex-garimpeiros. Os dados serão também coletados por meio de pesquisas em arquivos de órgãos públicos do município. A observação incluirá participante e não participante, aplicando um questionário de perguntas abertas com a utilização do formulário que será preenchido pelo pesquisador diante do informante. Portanto, o fruto dessa produção visa contribuir socialmente como instrumento informativo e esclarecedor, que ajuda na busca do conhecimento científico e desmitifica o mundo do garimpo quanto ao romantismo, o senso comum e os preconceitos formados em cima da atividade garimpeira e do homem mineiro, que por sua vez, esta desaparecendo do cenário social devido às proibições dessas atividades no Brasil, dando lugar as mineradoras multinacionais. Razão pela qual, houve a preocupação de se registrar esses fatos históricos para perpetuar a importância que os garimpos tiveram no processo de crescimento econômico e social do País e que essa história chegue ao conhecimento das futuras gerações.

Temporal Landscapes is a research project concerned with culture-nature relations in the context of contemporary industrial land use in New Zealand; explored visually through the photographic representation and presentation of gold mining sites – former, current and prospective – in the Hauraki region. In the current period of industrial capitalism, featuring the mass exploitation of natural resources, nature is commonly thought of as subservient to humankind. This stance, with its origin in scientific ideology of the 17th Century, is interesting to consider in relation to contemporary notions of landscape, and the ‘ideal’ in nature. In New Zealand, a balance is being sought between interests of sustainability and conservation, and of industry and economy. This is not to say that industry opposes environmental safeguards; in contrast, sustainable management including the rehabilitation of land post-industrialisation is integral to modern mining practice in New Zealand. With this emphasis on controlled industrial progress, two key factors emerge. Firstly, this level of control implicates itself as a utopian vision, and secondly, industrialisation is advocated as a temporary situation, with industrial land as transitory, on the path to rehabilitation. The research question of Temporal Landscapes asks; in considering contemporary industrial land use in New Zealand within a utopian framework – focussing specifically on gold mining in the Hauraki Region – has our ideal in nature become that of a controlled, even post-industrial, landscape? The photographic representation of these sites offers a means to explore and express their visual temporality. With the expectation of industrial sites as fleeting and rehabilitated sites as static utopias, it would seem that this industrial process is a kind of contemporary ideal. Presented as a flickering projection piece, 23 Views. (Prospective gold mining site, Golden Valley, Hauraki, 2008 / Martha gold mine and Favona gold mine, Waihi, Hauraki, 2008), and a set of selectively lit prints, Untitled I. (Garden, pit rim walkway, Martha gold mine, Waihi, Hauraki, 2008), Untitled II. (View of pit, former Golden Cross gold mine, Waitekauri Valley, Hauraki, 2008), and Untitled III. (View of water treatment pond, former Golden Cross gold mine, Waitekauri Valley, Hauraki, 2008), they act as landscapes of partial comprehension.

There are numerous histories of the Victorian goldfields, individual digger�s experiences, and the digging community as a whole. By contrast, very little has been written about the early gold mining companies. This thesis seeks to address this dearth in part, with a longitudinal study of one of the leading gold mining companies in nineteenth-century Victoria. The Port Phillip and Colonial Gold Mining Company (�Port Phillip Company�) was one of many �gold bubble� companies formed in England during 1851-3 to undertake gold mining in Australia. Within a few years it was the only survivor of this episode of British corporate gold-fever. The thesis argues that the influence of Rivett Henry Bland, the company�s managing director, was instrumental in its success, particularly in its early years when faced with anti-company sentiment and unfavourable mining legislation. The company established a large-scale operation at Clunes in 1857, rapidly assuming a pre-eminent position in colonial gold mining with its superior technology and mining practices. Historians generally portray Australian gold mining operations as small, locally funded and inefficient, prior to British capital investment in the late 1880s. While true of the larger picture, this simply emphasises the uniqueness of the British-owned and funded Port Phillip Company, the largest and most efficient gold mining operation in Australia from 1857 until the early 1880s. The company and its investment offshoot, the Victoria (London) Mining Company, invested in over thirty Victorian gold mining companies during the 1860s. Again, this runs counter to the general view that British investment in Australian gold mining began only in the late 1880s. Although the two companies� investments equalled only a fraction of the later wave of British capital in absolute monetary terms, their contribution to the growth of the Victorian gold mining industry at the time was significant.

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is an environmental problem that eventually occurs in sulfide rich mine sites. In Turkey most of the metal mines are associated with sulphide minerals and are potential AMD generators. The purpose of this PhD thesis is to practice universally accepted tools for the prediction of AMD potential for a new metallic mine development. This study involves evaluation of geological data, geochemistry, mineralogy, and acid-base accounting (static tests) data, obtained from the Erzincan-ili&ccedil / &Ccedil / &ouml / pler Gold Prospect case. The mineralization in &Ccedil / &ouml / pler is in sulfide and oxide types. The oxide is a supergene alteration and porphyry-copper type gold mineralization is classified as an intermediate sulfidation. The major lithologies observed in the study area are the regionally un-correlated meta-sedimentary lithologies, Munzur Limestone, and the &Ccedil / &ouml / pler Granitoid.Thirty-eight representative samples were tested for AMD prediction purposes. Sixteen more were included to the sampling scheme for site characterization. Both acid producing and neutralizing lithologies are present in the mine site. Similarly it was revealed that the sulphate sulfur content of the samples were insignificant that any determined total sulfur amount can be directly considered as the factor for AMD production. Geochemical data revealed arsenic enrichments up to 10000 ppm in the study area. Therefore, during the operational stage, in addition to the planning to avoid or minimize AMD, it is necessary to take precautions against arsenic mobilization during the design of the AMD neutralization scheme. Both Kinetic studies and the heavy metal mobilization related to AMD are kept out of the scope of this investigation. Similarly, management and abatement stages of AMD are excluded.

Tampa (US), Guyana (SA), and Bolivia (SA), are geographically, socially, economically, and politically unique which make them ideal sites to study issues of mercury and sustainability. Mercury’s innate ability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems poses a severe threat to both human and environmental health. The most vulnerable populations affected by mercury consumption include coastal communities, children, women of child-bearing age, the indigenous poor and persons with high environmental/occupational exposure factors. Communities in the regions of Florida, Bolivia, and Guyana whose diets are high in fish and are environmentally/occupationally exposed to mercury may be at a higher risk of mercury intoxication, especially in the absence of education on the topic. Mercury loadings in rivers, streams, and mine tailing waters and sediments ranged from 0.9-114 ng/L and 29- 2891 ng/g, respectively; whilst fish mercury loadings were 0.02-1.034 mg/kg wet wt. Although mining sites had the highest mercury sediment and water loadings there were no significant differences when compared to pristine sites in Guyana. Fish loadings above recommended EPA/WHO regulatory limits were observed at all sites and none had signage, informational warnings or educational material available. A pilot study that included four elementary schools in Tampa showed that Water Awareness Research Education (WARE), a community based participatory environmental educational program, is a sustainable solution to addressing issues of mercury exposure.