The purpose of the projection was creating an object which offers enough space for social activities with possibility of free time spending. The floor projection of irregular shape allows the object of the golf club to be splitted into dispositionally detached parts. The object consists of three-storey main building and two-storey relaxing section. Whole object has a basement. It is situated in sloping terrain on the outskirts of the Dolní Dobrouč village. The basement of main building has the shape of irregular rectangle. It is imbedded into the ground and technical background of main object is situated here. The relaxing section is connected to this space by small passage which is used for technical background of this section. The floor projection of the first floor exceeds over the basement. In a guests section, there is a main entrance, a restaurant and a shop. The staff section adjoins to this section. On the second floor, there are conference rooms, administrative section, the other floor of the restaurant and a garage. The basement of the relaxing section as much as its first floor are designed for the guests‘ relaxation. The shed roof construction of the main building and the relaxing section is made of glued laminated truss. The garage has a shed roof too with the construction built of thin-walled domestic roof trusses. In the construction point of view the object was projected with aspect to cooperation of materials and systems and so allows effective use of different parts. The building does not invade the character of the environment due to its shape solution when object almost copies the terrain. However, the whole complex of golf club including golf course, creates a distinctive landscaping object.

This thesis describes design and practical realization of a golf simulator. It includes specifications of the hardware, that is a necessity for such simulator, and implementation of the detection of a golf swing and ball flight. The simulator has to fulfill several conditions that were stated at the beginning of the draft. One of the most important conditions was low purchase price, and therefore the simulator is based on common USB cameras Playstation Eye 3. The main goal was to create a user friendly simulator, that will be appropriate both for indoor and outdoor conditions. The final solution was compared with Full Swing simulator. The accuracy of our simulator was far better than the compared one at short game and putting through the use of scanning the ball right after the start of its flight. Accuracy at putting ranged: speed of the ball +/- 0.2 m/s, launch angle +/- 1 degree and flight angle +/- 0.8 degrees.

Le site CeEt-482 est un vestige de la tradition technologique de l’Archaïque du golfe du Maine. Il est exceptionnel, car il n’a été occupé que durant une courte période de la préhistoire et n’a subi, par la suite, que peu de perturbations anthropiques. De plus, les fouilles ont couvert une large superficie et ont été pratiquées dans un cadre professionnel. Parmi les restes matériels découverts se trouvent des milliers d’éclats, et aussi plus d’une centaine de micro-outils en quartz. Cet assemblage a conduit l’archéologue responsable du projet à émettre l’hypothèse que les activités de taille ont dû être plutôt intensives. Outre ces objets issus de la taille, plusieurs pierres ont aussi été amassées. Certaines dont la surface présente des marques d’abrasion ou d’impacts et d’autres qui n’ont aucune marque d’utilisation visible. J’ai choisi de placer ces pierres à l’avant-plan dans l’interprétation de la fonction du site afin de vérifier si celles-ci corroboraient l’hypothèse suggérée au départ. Toutefois, dans une perspective plus large, j’ai aussi cherché à savoir quel fut leur rôle dans la stratégie d’occupation des individus qui ont séjourné sur CeEt-482. L’organisation technologique des outils est l’angle d’approche qui fut utilisée. L’analyse des pierres, quant à elle, a employé deux structures méthodologiques dont l’une est inspirée du concept de la vie de l’objet et la seconde provient du cadre conceptuel nommé théorie du Design. Les résultats ont ensuite été mis en contexte par rapport à la disposition spatiale des vestiges. Ce mémoire a permis d’apporter une nuance quant à l’interprétation initiale du site. En fait, les activités liées au travail de la pierre se seraient déroulées plutôt de manière ponctuelle. L’analyse des outils choisis pour ce mémoire démontre que ceux-ci ont participé de manière plus intensive aux activités qui sont en lien avec le travail de la matière souple, fibreuse ou dure, ainsi qu’aux activités liées à l’alimentation. Je propose l’hypothèse que le site CeEt-482 puisse donc avoir été une destination qui offre un large éventail de ressources, soit pour réparer son équipement ou bien pour y refaire des provisions après ou avant un long périple. / The CeEt-482 site is located on the south shore of the Strait of Quebec, and dates approximately eight thousand years before today. The site was occupied briefly by a group related to the Gulf of Maine Archaic technological tradition. The site produced numerous lithic artifacts that are mainly represented by flakes and by a microtool industry, mostly made of quartz. The site was excavated over thirty years ago. At the time, only a preliminary analysis of the assemblage was carried out. The interpretation was that flaking activities on the site was intensive and, also, an important aspect that explains the function of the site. However, different types of pebbles used as tools and rocks with marks of impacts or grinding were found throughout the excavated area. I decided to place these tools at the centre of this research in order to verify if they corroborate the hypothesis of the site function or the intensity of flaking activities. The research question is explored with a technological organization approach which has the potential to demonstrate the way tools interact with the strategies employed by the occupants during the occupation of the site. The methodology applied to the analysis of the stone tool assemblage is based on the tool’s life history combined with the concept of design theory. This research contributes a more complete interpretation of the site that adds to the initial interpretations of the site’s function. The results suggest that flaking activities where in fact less important than seemed at first sight and happened sporadically throughout the occupation. Regarding the tools that have been studied, the intensity of activities appears to be most closely linked to the work of soft or hard organic material and linked with food preparation and consumption. In conclusion, I suggest that CeEt-482 could have played the role of a safe destination after a long period of travel where the occupants could find a large variety of resources and where they could repair equipment or gather provisions before or after another trip.

Les insectes ravageurs du gazon présents sur les terrains de golf du Québec sont la cause de l'application de pesticides de synthèse et entraînent des pertes économiques importantes à l'industrie du golf. Cette étude se divise en deux principaux volets soit 1-) de déterminer la distribution, l'abondance et l'écologie saisonnière des principaux insectes ravageurs du gazon sur les terrains de golf, et 2-) d'évaluer le potentiel de contrôle de nématodes entomopathogènes indigènes sur les terrains de golf du Québec. Le dépistage des insectes ravageurs sur 19 terrains de golf situés dans différentes régions du Québec en 2001, 2002 et 2003 indique que les populations les plus importantes de scarabée noir du gazon (Ataenius spretulus), d'Aphodius {Aphodius granarius) et de charançon du pâturin annuel (Listronotus maculicollis) se retrouvent dans le sud-ouest du Québec. Le ver gris (Agrotis ipsilon) est présent dans l'ensemble de la province alors que la tipule européenne {Tipula paludosa) se situe exclusivement dans la région de Québec. Le scarabée noir du gazon, Aphodius et la tipule européenne complètent une génération par année alors que deux générations sont observées chez le ver gris, une espèce migrante, et le charançon du pâturin annuel, lequel présente une génération à Rimouski. Des générations partielles et sans issues à la fin de la saison ont été observées pour le scarabée noir du gazon et le ver gris. L'échantillonnage de nématodes entomopathogènes réalisé en 2002 et 2003 sur 38 terrains de golf du Québec et de l'Ontario a permis d'isoler trois espèces de nématodes entomopathogènes: Steinernema carpocapsae, une première mention en Ontario, S. feltiae et S. kraussei, deux nouvelles mentions dans l'est du Canada. Steinernema feltiae s'est avéré l'espèce la plus virulente contre les larves de tipule européenne et les souches isolées lors de nos travaux n'ont pas démontré une activité supérieure à la souche commerciale à des températures froides. Afin d'optimiser l'efficacité des traitements, S. feltiae devrait donc être appliqué sur les terrains de golf du Québec lorsque les températures sont supérieures à 10°C.

De par sa position, le Golfe du Lion est un site idéal pour l’investigation des changements paléo-environnementaux et des processus affectant le dépôt sédimentaire. Les travaux antérieurs ont permis de mettre en évidence les impacts de la variabilité climatique et glacioeustatique sur l’organisation stratigraphique de la marge, mais également sur les exports terrestres de matière organique.L’étude isotopique du carbone organique et de l’azote de la matière organique dans les sédiments du forage PRGL1-4 nous a permis de mettre en évidence de forts exports fluviaux lors des interstades survenus au cours des 200 000 derniers milles ans. La mise en regard de cette découverte avec les enregistrements paléo-climatologiques terrestre et marin disponibles dans la région indique que ces forts exports fluviaux résultent d’une augmentation des précipitations le long de la bordure Nord Méditerranéenne. Grâce à la position dePRGL1-4, nous proposons que ces pluies soient le résultat d’une augmentation du passage de dépressions Nord Atlantique dans le bassin Ouest Méditerranéen.Une caractérisation des isotopes du soufre préservés dans la pyrite sédimentaire a été réalisée. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de mettre en évidence une variation isotopique insoupçonnée, l’une des plus grandes observées de nos jours, dont la cyclicité semble indiquer un fort contrôle climatique. Nous proposons deux mécanismes influençant le fractionnement isotopique: une modulation de l’activité bactérienne par le climat, et/ou (ii) une modulation locale liée la nature des sédiments impliqués dans la formation des pyrites en lien avec les variations eustatiques. / By its position, the Gulf of Lion is an ideal location for investigation of past ecological changes and processes affecting the sedimentary deposition. Previous work has highlighted the impacts of climatic and glacio-eustatic changes on the GoL stratigraphic organization, but also on terrestrial exports of organic matter.This isotopic study based on the organic carbon and nitrogen preserved in PRGL1-4 sediments highlights important rivers runoff during warm periods of the last 200 000 years.Regional intercomparison with terrestrial and marine records indicates that these river exports resulting from an increase of precipitation over the North Mediterranean borderland.Using PRGL1-4 location, out of Mediterranean cyclogenetic area, we suggest that these pluvial events occurred in response to enhance passage of North Atlantic atmospheric perturbation into the Western Mediterranean basin.Pyrite sulfur isotopes investigations over the last 500 kyr have also been done. The stratigraphic variations (up to 76‰) in the isotopic data reported here are among the largest ever observed in pyrite, and are in phase with glacial-interglacial sea level. These results suggest that there exist important but previously overlooked depositional controls on sedimentary sulfur isotope records. Two different mechanisms influencing the isotopic fractionation can explain the observed dataset: a climatic modulation of the bacterial activity, and / or (ii) a local sedimentary modulation involve during early diagenetic formation of pyrite in relation with the eustatic variations.

The proposed golf resort is situated near the village of Nevcehle in the sloping terrain. It is a brick building of concrete blocks with contact thermal insulation and with concrete floor structure. The building has two floors. House is based on plain concrete foundations. Roof is made up of metal plate-connected timber truss with metal roofing.

1948年5月，上海舉辦第七屆全中國運動會，臺灣首次組隊參賽即一鳴驚人，榮獲男子田徑總冠軍，同時更展現守秩序、法紀律、團結合作、服從裁判的運動精神。不論場內的運動實力和場外的運動風範，皆被大會評為「全國第一」。究其因，實肇基於日本統治期間致力發展體育運動所展現的成果。事實上，臺灣在日本統治之前，近代式體育運動僅在西洋勢力所及的範圍內施行，成效自是相當有限，迨至日治時期，乃藉由學校教育與社會體育兩大方向，開始全面性、普遍地提倡體育運動而獲致相當程度的發展成果。值是之故，本論文主旨即在探討日本統治下的臺灣，究竟為何／如何發展體育運動，以及有何成效。 本文係以當時臺灣地區運動員的競賽為主，包含內地人(日本人)、本島人(臺灣人)以及高砂族(原住民)，因為此三種族群皆是當時臺灣運動代表隊的組成份子，以做為主要的論述對象更能得知當時臺灣體育運動的發展情況。在論文內容方面，首先，從近代西洋體育運動的興起與發展談起，隨著歐美列強國力的擴張將其科技文明與生活形態傳至亞洲，再至日本明治維新前後追求改善國民體格而向學習歐美體育運動，而臺灣即在此時代背景之下被納為日本殖民地。其次，探討日治時期各界人士對於體育運動所提出的觀念看法，以說明發展體育運動的動機與目的。再次，討論推行體育運動的主要機構，主要著眼於人事、經費以及如何運作等方面，以瞭解是由哪些人／在什麼樣的時代背景之下／如何從事體育運動的發展。第四、討論臺灣運動選手參加各項運動競賽的成績表現，主要以全島性比賽，以及與鄰近的朝鮮、滿洲、日本、菲律賓等地的比賽成績作較，可大致明瞭臺灣的運動技術水準。第五、分析社會領導階層人士所從事的休閒運動，以考察當時是哪些休閒運動最受是有錢有閒階級的喜愛，並從中討論體育運動的發展概況。 經由本文的討論發現，日治時期體育運動的發展係在官方強力主導、民間配合實施之下進行推廣。其次，臺灣的體育組織是日本帝國體育組織在殖民地的分支機構，臺灣全島性的運動比賽成為日本全國性比賽的地方預選賽，臺灣優秀的運動選手與隊伍在島內勝出者即成為地區性代表隊，順理成章前往日本參加更高層級的比賽。此外，體育是現代教育不可偏廢的項目，不僅能改善個人體格發育，也有助促進健康衛生；同時，體育並非僅是單純的身體運動而已，有時亦被視為國力的象徵，發展體育運動有助陶冶國民性格和促進日臺融合。最後，隨著日本統治的時間漸久以及統治程度的強化，臺灣體育運動呈現日漸普及的趨勢，而另一方面，則漸帶有濃厚的日本色彩，甚至許多日式運動術語發至今仍是使用中的辭彙即是明證。至於日治時期臺灣體育運動的成績表現究竟如何呢？整體而言，不僅與殖民母國日本仍然相去甚遠，即便連同為殖民地的朝鮮、滿洲、菲律賓等地亦有所不及。然而，雖然未見日治時期臺灣運動選手與中國正面交手的紀錄，但從1948年的上海全國運動會成績可推知，日治臺灣體育運動的整體水準，似乎不在同時期的中國之下。 關鍵字：日治時期 臺灣 體育史 體育觀 武德會 體育俱樂部 臺灣體育獎勵會 臺灣體育協會 明治神宮體育大會 甲子園 網球 棒球 田徑 游泳 登山 馬術 高爾夫 / In May 1948, the 7th China Sports Game was held in Shanghai. The athletic performance of male track and field athletes amazed the world by winning the overall championship though it was the debut of Taiwan in this athletic event. These male athletes disciplined themselves, obeyed the rules, cooperated with one another, obeyed the referees’ orders, and exhibited good sportsmanship. Both their athletic performance and sportsmanship on the sports field or beyond sports field were ranked as “national champion” by the sponsor. Their great performance actually was the achievement from the devotion to developing athletic sports during Japanese Occupation Period. In fact, before the colonization of Japan, modern athletic sports in Taiwan were only practiced in few regions where foreigners aggregated and the effect of athletic performance was quite limited. The overall promotion of athletic sports was put into practice through school education and social sports activities until the Japanese Occupation Period and so was the great performance achieved at that time. The main purpose of this study is to investigate why and how the Japanese developed athletic sports in Taiwan and the effects. The research subjects were mainly the athletes at that time in Taiwan, including the Japanese, the Taiwanese, and the aboriginals (indigenous people) since these three groups were all members of sports representatives in Taiwan at that time. These subjects were investigated to find out about the development of athletic sports in Taiwan at that time. Firstly, the study probed into the rise and the development of modern western athletic sports. With the expansion of national powers of European countries and the U.S., their science, technology, and life styles were spread to Asia. Moreover, after Meiji Restoration, the Japanese started to put emphasis on improving their physique and hence learnt the western athletic sports. And Taiwan was colonized by Japan under this background. Secondly, it investigated the concepts and viewpoints on athletic sports proposed from all walks of life during Japanese Occupation Period to demonstrate the motives and purposes of athletic sport development. Thirdly, it investigated the major facilities responsible for promoting athletic sports from the aspects of personnel matters, funds, and the operation methods to understand who were involved, how they developed athletic sports, and under what kind of background were athletic sports developed. Fourthly, it investigated the performance of athletes in each kind of sports games, especially national games. The study also compared the athletic performance of Taiwan with that of nearby countries such as Korea, Manjou, Japan, and Philippine to understand the athletic level of Taiwan. Fifthly, it analyzed the leisure sports that the leaders of the society engaged in to explore the preferences of leisure sports of the rich at that time and further investigate the profile of athletic sports development. This study found that the development of athletic sports in Taiwan during Japanese Occupation Period was dominated by the government with the cooperation of non-government in promotion. The sports organizations in Taiwan were the colonial branches of sports organizations in Japanese Empire and the national sports competitions in Taiwan became local preliminaries of Japanese national competitions. The outstanding athletes in Taiwan and the winners of local preliminaries would become the local sports representatives to participate in competitions of higher level in Japan. In addition, the study found that physical education is indispensable in modern education, which not only improves the physical development of individuals but also improves health. Meanwhile, athletic sports ability not simply teaches a kind of physical movement and it is sometimes viewed as a symbol of national powers. The development of athletic sports helped cultivate the personality of people and improved the integration ethnic integration between Taiwan and Japan. With the increase of colonization time and the reinforcement of governance, the athletic sports in Taiwan gradually became more and more popular. On the other hand, it was found that the sports activities in Taiwan was greatly influenced by Japan and even the Japanese sports vocabularies are still used now in sports activities. As for the athletic performance of Taiwan during Japanese Occupation Period, as a whole, the athletic performance of Taiwan was better than Japan and other colonies of Japan, such as Korea, Manjou, and Philippine. Although the athletes in Taiwan during Japanese Occupation Period did not compete with the athletes of China, it could be inferred from their athletic performance that the overall level of athletic sports in Taiwan during Japanese Occupation Period was equivalent to that of China. Keywords: Japanese Occupation Period, Taiwan, sports history, viewpoint of sports, Dai-Nippon Butokukai, sports club, Taiwan sports sponsorship association, Taiwan sports association, Meigi-jingu Athletic Meet, Koshien, tennis, baseball, track and field, swimming, mountain climbing, equestrian, golf