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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Alteration of Golgi Apparatus Ion Homeostasis in Cellular and Mouse Models of Angelman Syndrome

Condon, Kathryn Helen January 2009 (has links)
<p>Ube3a is a HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligase originally recognized for its role in degrading p53 in the presence of the human papilloma virus protein E6. Loss of maternal Ube3a expression causes Angelman syndrome, a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by mental retardation, ataxia, epilepsy, lack of speech, and a unique behavioral phenotype that includes a happy demeanor and frequent laughing. However, characterization of the endogenous properties and cellular role for Ube3a has been limited. Over the last few years, an interesting cohort of Ube3a interacting partners and putative substrates were named, though the consequences of these interactions were not thoroughly investigated. These include two Golgi localized proteins - PIST and Golgin-160 - as well as several proteins that can regulate trafficking of proteins at the Golgi apparatus: Src family kinases, ubiquilin, and tuberin. Therefore, we decided to focus on whether Ube3a could regulate Golgi structure or function.</p><p>In this dissertation, I will describe a new role for Ube3a at the Golgi apparatus in the regulation of intralumenal ion homeostasis. First, I characterized the expression pattern of endogenous Ube3a and overexpressed Ube3a isoforms by immunostaining and fractionation and demonstrated that although Ube3a has diffuse nuclear/cytoplasmic localization, it also associates with membrane fractions. I also confirmed that Ube3a interacts endogenously with both PIST and Golgin-160. Next, I demonstrated that Golgi morphology is perturbed in a cell line with stable knockdown of Ube3a. I found that the Golgi apparatus in Ube3a knockdown cells is under-acidifed, and that this is the primary defect underlying the disrupted Golgi morphology. Finally, I extended these findings in vivo and examined the morphology of the Golgi apparatus in the brains of Angelman syndrome model mice. The Golgi structures in the visual cortex of these mice appeared disorganized by immunohistochemistry and individual cisternae were significantly distended by electron microscopy, consistent with a defect in ion homeostasis at the Golgi apparatus. These findings define new cellular role for Ube3a at the Golgi apparatus and provide insight into the pathogenesis of Angelman syndrome.</p> / Dissertation
22

Dynamics and organization of the transitional endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus /

Hammond, Adam Thomas. January 2001 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, June 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.
23

The neuroanatomical effect of brain injury during early development in a rat model

Hartle, Kelly D. 10 September 2010 (has links)
The brain responds to injury during early development with alterations in behaviour and dendritic morphology of motor cortex neurons. Rats were exposed to damage either prenatally or after the first postnatal week, using different models of damage and motor cortex was examined. Prenatal injury resulted in a decrease in length, complexity and volume in layer II neurons, but no differences in layer V neurons or behavioural tasks. Postnatal damage produced increases in length of basilar dendrites, but no differences in spine density at 2 months of age, whereas at 6 months of age, an overall decrease in apical and basilar spine density was observed. Findings demonstrate the maturational status of the brain at the time of injury play a crucial role in response to injury.
24

The neuroanatomical effect of brain injury during early development in a rat model

Hartle, Kelly D. 10 September 2010 (has links)
The brain responds to injury during early development with alterations in behaviour and dendritic morphology of motor cortex neurons. Rats were exposed to damage either prenatally or after the first postnatal week, using different models of damage and motor cortex was examined. Prenatal injury resulted in a decrease in length, complexity and volume in layer II neurons, but no differences in layer V neurons or behavioural tasks. Postnatal damage produced increases in length of basilar dendrites, but no differences in spine density at 2 months of age, whereas at 6 months of age, an overall decrease in apical and basilar spine density was observed. Findings demonstrate the maturational status of the brain at the time of injury play a crucial role in response to injury.
25

Proteomics analysis of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus

Gilchrist, Annalyn. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.). / Written for the Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/05/09). Includes bibliographical references.
26

Post-Golgi trafficking in the mammalian secretory pathway /

Miranda, Kevin Charles. January 2004 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2004. / Some chapters are manuscripts jointly authored by Kevin Miranda, et.al. Includes bibliographical references.
27

Dynamic imaging of post-Golgi protein transport /

Lock, John George. January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2006. / Includes bibliography.
28

Intrazelluläre strukturelle Remodelingprozesse bei chronischem Vorhofflimmern an humanen atrialen Myokardproben

Jungk, Luisa 24 July 2017 (has links)
No description available.
29

Caractérisation de protéines localisées à l'appareil de Golgi chez le parasite de la malaria Plasmodium falciparum

Hallée, Stéphanie 15 June 2024 (has links)
La malaria est une maladie endémique qui a affecté 212 millions de personnes en 2015, et fait plus de 429 000 morts. Parmi les espèces causant la malaria humaine, Plasmodium falciparum est celle qui est associée au plus haut taux de morbidité et de mortalité. L’invasion du globule rouge par le parasite de la malaria, P. falciparum, est une étape clé qui est médiée par la sécrétion coordonnée de différentes protéines contenues dans les organites du complexe apical : les rhoptries, les micronèmes et les granules denses. La biogenèse de ces organites et le transport des différentes protéines apicales sont des phénomènes encore mal compris et peu étudiés. Des travaux ont montré que des microdomaines présents dans la membrane de l’appareil de Golgi possèderaient une composition lipidique et protéique distincte et seraient impliqués dans la sélection différentielle des protéines destinées aux organites du complexe apical. Cependant, la façon dont ces microdomaines sont discriminés l’un de l’autre et les mécanismes régissant leur transport à partir de l’appareil de Golgi vers le complexe apical sont présentement inconnus. Nous avons donc entrepris d’identifier les différents acteurs moléculaires impliqués dans ce trafic différentiel des protéines apicales. Les travaux réalisés dans le cadre d’un premier projet ont permis de démontrer que la sortiline, un récepteur de cargo conservé chez les eucaryotes, joue un rôle essentiel dans le transport de protéines vers les différents organites apicaux. Nous avons également démontré que la sortiline interagit avec le complexe de protéines RAMA/RAP afin d’assurer leur transport spécifique vers les rhoptries. L’analyse du phénotype en situation de « knock-down » de la sortiline a révélé à la fois un rôle essentiel de la sortiline dans la biogenèse des organites du complexe apical, mais aussi dans le processus de cytokinèse lors de la division cellulaire. Ces résultats mettent en évidence un rôle central et essentiel de la protéine escorte sortiline dans le système de transport protéique chez le parasite de la malaria P. falciparum. Dans le cadre d’un second projet, nous avons caractérisé une potentielle protéine de rhoptries (PRP2) identifiée chez Plasmodium berghei et chez Toxoplasma gondii. Nous avons cependant démontré que chez P. falciparum, cette hypothétique protéine de rhoptries est plutôt localisée à l’appareil de Golgi et n’est pas impliquée dans les évènements d’invasion. De ce fait, nous avons renommé cette protéine « Golgi protein 1 » (GP1) . Nous avons également découvert que GP1 interagit avec une protéine transmembranaire non caractérisée (« Golgi protein 2 », GP2). Nos travaux ont donc mené à la découverte d’un nouveau complexe de protéines situé dans l’appareil de Golgi et important pour la survie du parasite.
30

Chlamydia infection impairs host cell motility via CPAF-mediated Golgi fragmentation

Heymann, Julia 07 August 2012 (has links)
Chlamydien sind obligat intrazelluläre Bakterien, die sich in einem membranumschlossenen Kompartiment namens Inklusion vermehren. Nach Infektion fragmentiert der Golgi-Apparat der Wirtszelle in kleine Membranstapel. Dies verbessert die Aufnahme von Sphingolipiden und ist deshalb für die chlamydiale Vermehrung essentiell. Die infektionsinduzierte Golgi-Fragmentierung geschieht nach Spaltung des Golgi-Matrix-Proteins Golgin-84. In dieser Arbeit konnte, durch den Vergleich mit bekannten Substraten und Inhibitorstudien, die chlamydiale Protease CPAF (Chlamydia protease-like activity factor) als das Enzym identifiziert werden, das diese Spaltung induziert, abhängig von der Anwesenheit zweier Rab-Proteine, Rab6 und Rab11, die den zellulären Vesikeltransport kontrollieren und zur Inklusion rekrutiert werden. Die Fragmentierung des Golgi-Apparates verhinderte dessen Relokalisierung während der Zellpolarisierung nach Einbringen eines migratorischen Stimulus. Sowohl infizierte als auch Golgin-84-depletierte Zellen migrierten langsamer und randomisiert in einem Motilitätsassay. Die Relokalisierung des Golgi-Apparates konnte durch seine Stabilisierung mittels WEHD oder Rab-Depletion wieder gewonnen werden, was die Zellmotilität teilweise wieder herstellte. Darüber hinaus konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Infektion außer der Golgi-Reorientierung die Signaltransduktion durch GTPasen beeinflusst. Die Aktivität von Cdc42 in infizierten Zellen war erhöht und die Interaktionen mit vielen ihrer Effektoren laut quantitativer Massenspektrometrie stark verändert. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass CPAF die für Chlamydien lebenswichtige Golgin-84 Prozessierung und Fragmentierung des Golgi-Apparates auslöst. Dies verringert die Mobilität der Wirtszelle, vor allem da der Golgi-Apparat während der Polarisierung nicht mehr ausgerichtet werden kann, des Weiteren durch Modulierung der Protein-Protein-Interaktionen von Cdc42. / Chlamydia are obligate intracellular human pathogens that proliferate inside a membrane-bound compartment called the inclusion. In infected cells, the Golgi apparatus is fragmented into small ministacks that are aligned around the inclusion. This facilitates uptake of host cell sphingolipids and is essential for chlamydial development. Infection-induced Golgi fragmentation happens after processing of the Golgi matrix protein golgin-84. This work could, via comparison with well-known substrates and inhibitor studies, identify the chlamydial protease CPAF (Chlamydia protease-like activity factor) as the enzyme accountable for this cleavage. Golgi Fragmentation depended on two Rab proteins, Rab6 and Rab11, which control vesicle transport and are recruited to the Chlamydia inclusion. As a consequence of Golgi fragmentation, cells lost the capacity to reorient the Golgi apparatus during polarization after a migratory stimulus. Both infected and golgin-84 depleted cells with a permanently fragmented Golgi apparatus displayed decelerated and furthermore randomized migration in a motility assay. Relocalization of the Golgi apparatus could be restored via stabilizing WEHD treatment or Rab depletion which partly rescued cell motility. Moreover, it could be shown that migration signaling via small GTPases was influenced by Chlamydia infection. Infected cells exhibited activation of the small polarity GTPase Cdc42. Numerous interactions with downstream effectors were strongly altered in infected cells according to quantitative mass spectrometry. Particularly, the binding of Cdc42 to migration-associated effectors was decreased. The results of this work show that CPAF, by processing of golgin-84, induces Golgi fragmentation which is vitally important for Chlamydia. This disturbs host cell motility because the Golgi apparatus cannot be reoriented during polarization and, additionally, via the modulation of protein-protein-interactions of Cdc42.

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