This thesis examines the role of civil society in promoting good governance and development in Zimbabwe. This is done through a case study of the National Constitutional Assembly (NCA). Specifically, the thesis looks at the role of constitutionalism as a tool in promoting good governance and development by situating the Zimbabwean struggle for constitutional reform within the context of an unprecedented socio-economic and humanitarian crisis that engulfed Zimbabwe at the beginning of 2000. One of the central questions explored in this thesis is that of the value of the concept of civil society in understanding African post-colonial situations in general and the Zimbabwean situation in particular. The thesis looks at the history of constitutionalism in order to assess if the Zimbabwean crisis could be understood within the context of a constitutional crisis. Therefore, the thesis ventures into the complex dynamics of state-civil society relations while at the same time examining the formation, structure and programmes of the NCA. This is meant to highlight how the NCA’s internal governance system, its leadership style and accountability worked as well as if it reflected good governance or not. An analysis of NCA’s relationship with donors is also presented in order to dispel or validate claims that civil society is just a front for western interests to effect regime change in Zimbabwe. Of critical importance in this study is how civil society (represented by the NCA) interacted with the government and the opposition political parties. The NCA actively participated in opposition politics coming in the open to urge its supporters to vote for the opposition and later ditched the opposition when they had disagreements but their reputation as impartial actors had been destroyed. The thesis concludes by questioning the strategies that are used by civil society in engaging with the government and that in their present structure they should not be antagonistic to the state but should work in tandem with the state for the attainment of good governance and development. Civil society organisations should be politically neutral in their pursuit of developmental goals and ought to practice what they preach by being democratic and accountable themselves. / Development Studies / M. A. (Development Studies)

nÃo hà / O Plano de Desenvolvimento SustentÃvel do estado do CearÃ, elaborado e implementado em 1995, introduziu o conceito de Desenvolvimento SustentÃvel (DS) na seara das polÃticas pÃblicas cearenses e propÃs que a base de sua formaÃÃo fosse de maneira participativa e democrÃtica, constatando-se, assim, o despertar para a prÃtica da governanÃa. Sabe-se que a anÃlise da governanÃa apoia-se na base do conceito de DS, pois, està voltada para a elaboraÃÃo de polÃticas com diretrizes e normas direcionadas a todos os atores sociais na tentativa de amenizar e/ou finalizar os conflitos sociais alÃm de tornar bem visÃvel a participaÃÃo ativa da populaÃÃo nas tomadas de decisÃo do governo. O Banco Mundial considera governanÃa como sendo a capacidade do governo de formular e implementar polÃticas pÃblicas sÃlidas e com eficÃcia, para tanto, propÃe seis princÃpios para avaliar a Boa GovernanÃa: Voz e responsabilizaÃÃo, Estabilidade PolÃtica e AusÃncia de ViolÃncia/Terrorismo, EficÃcia Governamental, Qualidade RegulatÃria, Estado de Direito e Controle da CorrupÃÃo. Em 2003, o Programa Selo MunicÃpio Verde do estado do Cearà (PSMV) foi formulado e implementado com a finalidade de atribuir uma certificaÃÃo ambiental pÃblica que operacionalizasse o DS em nÃvel local. Dessa maneira, o PSMV pode deter instrumentos que possibilitem a garantia de uma Boa GovernanÃa para o DS, promover o envolvimento de todos os atores sociais alÃm de possibilitar a participaÃÃo ativa da populaÃÃo nas tomadas de decisÃo do governo. Nesse contexto, a atual pesquisa objetiva analisar o nÃvel de implementaÃÃo dos princÃpios da Boa GovernanÃa nas polÃticas pÃblicas para o desenvolvimento sustentÃvel no estado do Cearà com uma visÃo a partir do PSMV. Para tanto, aplicou o MÃtodo Delphi e, para a melhor tomada de decisÃo a ser apontada, utilizou o MÃtodo MulticritÃrio de Apoio à DecisÃo â a AnÃlise de Processos HierÃrquicos para calcular o Ãndice de AvaliaÃÃo da Boa GovernanÃa para o PSMV. Os resultados mostraram que, apÃs 11 anos de implementaÃÃo, o PSMV pode ser considerado uma ferramenta que possibilita a boa governanÃa para o desenvolvimento sustentÃvel no territÃrio cearense, pois, segundo os entrevistados, os cinquenta e quatro indicadores direcionados aos seis princÃpios estÃo sendo postos em prÃtica. PorÃm, ao inter-relacionÃ-los, a pesquisa verificou que o PSMV possui um nÃvel regular para a Boa GovernanÃa. Dentre os seis princÃpios analisados, o que menos contribuiu para esse Ãndice foi o princÃpio Controle da CorrupÃÃo e o que mais contribuiu positivamente foi o princÃpio Estado de Direito, refletindo que existe um forte aparato legal para o exercÃcio da Boa GovernanÃa no estado do CearÃ, porÃm, devem-se promover formas de controle e combate da corrupÃÃo na intenÃÃo de tornar o governo mais democrÃtico e transparente. Salienta-se que nenhum princÃpio foi classificado com um nÃvel de Boa GovernanÃa, logo, para o PSMV, todos os indicadores sÃo passÃveis de investimentos para se alcanÃar a Boa GovernanÃa para o desenvolvimento sustentÃvel pregada pelo Banco Mundial. Finalmente, sugere-se que continuem sendo elaboradas e implementadas polÃticas pÃblicas que tenham a efetiva participaÃÃo popular em todos os nÃveis de decisÃo, buscando, dessa maneira, a sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento com um mundo mais equÃnime e que promova a paz mundial. / The Sustainable Development Plan of the State of CearÃ, developed and implemented in 1995, introduced the concept of Sustainable Development (SD) on the likes of Cearà public policy and proposed that the basis of his training was participatory and democratic way, though there is, thus awakening to the practice of governance. It is known that the analysis of governance rests on the basis of the concept of SD therefore should be focused on the development of policy guidelines and standards aimed at all social actors in an attempt to mitigate and/or end social conflicts beyond to make conspicuous the active participation of people in decision making of the government. The World Bank considers governance as the government's ability to formulate and implement sound policies and effectively, then, propose s six principles for assessing Good Governance: Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism, Government Effectiveness , Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law and Control of Corruption. In 2003, the Selo Municipio Verde Program of the State of Cearà (SMVP) was formulated and implemented in order to assign a public environmental certification that operationalizes the SD at the local level. Thus, the SMVP may hold instruments that enable a guarantee of Good Governance for sustainable development, promote the involvement of all stakeholders to mitigate conflicts of interest and enable the active participation of people in decision making of the government. In this context, the current research aims to analyze the level of implementation of the principles of Good Governance in public policies for sustainable development in Cearà with a view from the SMV P. Therefore, the research applied the Delphi method, and for better decision making to be pointed out, used the method of Multiple Criteria Decision Support âAnalysis of Hierarchy Process to calculate the Evaluation Index of Good Governance for SMVP. The results showed that after 11 years of implementation, the SMVP can be considered a tool that enables Good Governance for sustainable development in Cearà territory because, according to respondents, fifty four indicators targeted to the six principles are being put into practice. However, the inter-relate them, the survey found that SMVP has a regular Good Governance level. Of all the principles discussed, which contributes least to this index was the Control of Corruption and contributed most positively was the principle Rule of Law, reflecting that there is a strong legal apparatus to exercise Good Governancein the state of Cearà but should promote ways of controlling and combating corruption in an attempt to make the government more democratic and transparent. It should be noted that no principle has been rated with a level of Good Governance. Hence for SMVP, all indicators are subject to investment to achieve Good Governance for sustainable development preached by the World Bank. Finally, it is suggested to continue being developed and implemented public policies that affect effective popular participation in all levels of decision making, seeking thus the sustainability of development with more equitable world and to promote world peace.

<p>Municipal councils are vested with the legal authority to promote financial accountability in their respective municipalities. To accomplish this responsibility, municipal council establishes committees to enable a structured and coordinated mechanism through which it can promote financial accountability effectively. However and despite the available legal and institutional mechanisms established to enable council committees to promote financial accountability, the lack of effective financial accountability in municipalities has persisted. This study focused on the role of council committees in ensuring financial accountability. It was guided by the following research questions: What are the major factors that contribute to financial accountability at local level, what is the role of council committees in promoting financial accountability and how can council committees be strengthened to play an effective role in Stellenbosch municipality&rsquo / s municipal financial accountability. Stellenbosch Local Municipality was used as a case study for this research. The data was collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data was sourced from members of relevant council committees through structured and unstructured interviews. Secondary data was obtained from relevant municipal reports, internet sources, government department publications, journals and Auditor - General&rsquo / s reports which contributed to the reliability, validity and objectivity of the findings. The findings showed that political instability, a lack of a culture of accountability, lack of clearly defined authority for accountability, lack of relevant capacity and willingness are some of the major factors that have impacted negatively on council committees from promoting effective financial accountability. The study opens up the possibility of future research to include a wider number of municipalities.</p>

From the 1970s onwards, it is argued that central banks should be independent from politicians since the latter have an interest in seeking populist interventions to the conduct of the monetary policy. Additionally, it is often maintained that the sole aim of a central bank should be to seek price stability. Despite the seemingly neutral and objective tone of these arguments, central bank independence can find its meaning as a part of Neoliberalism, which restructured the economic administration of the state. The main objective of this thesis is to analyse the notion of central bank independence and the case of the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey in a multidisciplinary manner, in order to reveal its political and administrative implications.

<p>Municipal councils are vested with the legal authority to promote financial accountability in their respective municipalities. To accomplish this responsibility, municipal council establishes committees to enable a structured and coordinated mechanism through which it can promote financial accountability effectively. However and despite the available legal and institutional mechanisms established to enable council committees to promote financial accountability, the lack of effective financial accountability in municipalities has persisted. This study focused on the role of council committees in ensuring financial accountability. It was guided by the following research questions: What are the major factors that contribute to financial accountability at local level, what is the role of council committees in promoting financial accountability and how can council committees be strengthened to play an effective role in Stellenbosch municipality&rsquo / s municipal financial accountability. Stellenbosch Local Municipality was used as a case study for this research. The data was collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data was sourced from members of relevant council committees through structured and unstructured interviews. Secondary data was obtained from relevant municipal reports, internet sources, government department publications, journals and Auditor - General&rsquo / s reports which contributed to the reliability, validity and objectivity of the findings. The findings showed that political instability, a lack of a culture of accountability, lack of clearly defined authority for accountability, lack of relevant capacity and willingness are some of the major factors that have impacted negatively on council committees from promoting effective financial accountability. The study opens up the possibility of future research to include a wider number of municipalities.</p>

This thesis is on John Stuart Mill’s imperialism. Mill’s classic text Considerations on Representative Government is framed as a treatise of a theorem for guiding “civilized” governors in imperially democratizing “non-civilized others” for the ends of historically moving humanity towards “civilizational progress.” This theorem is broken down into an architecture which consists of the first four chapters of Considerations and a conceptual architecture consisting of three notions: imperialism, democracy, and good governance. In outlining this theorem, gaps and shortcomings currently existing in the body of literature that engages Mill’s relationship with imperialism are identified. The theorem and the secondary literature are also used to problematize and argue against the call by some authors for a turn to Mill’s imperialism.

This thesis is on John Stuart Mill’s imperialism. Mill’s classic text Considerations on Representative Government is framed as a treatise of a theorem for guiding “civilized” governors in imperially democratizing “non-civilized others” for the ends of historically moving humanity towards “civilizational progress.” This theorem is broken down into an architecture which consists of the first four chapters of Considerations and a conceptual architecture consisting of three notions: imperialism, democracy, and good governance. In outlining this theorem, gaps and shortcomings currently existing in the body of literature that engages Mill’s relationship with imperialism are identified. The theorem and the secondary literature are also used to problematize and argue against the call by some authors for a turn to Mill’s imperialism.

The current study is an African-centred critique of the idea of ‘good governance’; which since the 1990s, has been a prescription of the international development institutions for all development challenges facing developing countries. Despite almost two decades of implementation of good governance reforms in Nigeria, poverty, corruption and underdevelopment persist. The analysis showed that the limited involvement of local people in the design of donor-sponsored good governance reforms mainly produced a universal, donor-conceptualized good governance agenda, which did not fully capture local issues. Given this, the main objective of the current study was to develop a cultural, context-specific governance model that shares local citizens’ understanding of governance, as well as, addresses challenges of governance at local levels in Nigeria. However, given the diversity of cultures in Nigeria and the uniqueness of each of them, this study only focused on Southwest Nigeria. Afrocentricity is the theoretical framework for this study. Mainstream development theories have mainly guided the development efforts of African countries but these theories are based on the experience of the European countries and primarily seek their interests. Given the failure of Eurocentric development theories in Nigeria, this study deemed it fit to adopt a theoretical framework that is based on African experience and that seeks African interests. Afrocentricity is the only theory in which the centrality of African interests, principles, and perceptions predominate (Pellebon 2007: 174). In terms of methodology, this study adopted the case study design. The study also used both the qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. But the study was largely qualitative because it relied on participants’ interpretations. The inclusion of quantitative data was for purposes of expanding and complementing the interpretive information. The study is significant because the findings provide agency to indigenous people in Nigeria by the voicing their perception of governance. The study also identified context-specific issues affecting governance in Nigeria, which were not captured in the donor’s universal good governance agenda. The study proposed how the principles that have enabled the effectiveness of traditional governance systems could be incorporated into formal governance to achieve better government performance. Most importantly, this study offers context-specific and people-centred recommendations to address Nigeria’s governance and development challenges. This study’s Afrocentric approach to the understanding of good governance is an epistemological rupture against the Eurocentric idea of good governance. / Development Studies / PhD (Philosophy)

No abstract available / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Philosophy)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and examine governance structures and practices and service delivery to provide comprehensive understanding of governance and service delivery situation at sub-national levels in Namibia. Public service agencies are presumed to lack good governance practices which adversely affect service delivery. It was argued that good governance practices improve public service performance and ultimately enhances service delivery. Furthermore, the study noted that the delivery of basic services such as potable water, health, education, electricity and proper road communication can augment the living standard of the people. Various public service reforms undertaken by the Government of Republic of Namibia since independence in 1990 explain government’s resolve to good governance and improved service delivery. Consequently, workable relationship between government and citizens is needed to realise national development plans and Vision 2030. The study used the Oshana Region case study in order to determine whether governance practices have bearing on service delivery at sub-national levels in Namibia. Qualitative research approach was utilised and qualitative data were collected in addition to rigorous literature review and analysis. Scientifically, gathered information suggested that good governance practices are certainly fundamental to service delivery and subsequently improve people’s living standard particularly those residing in rural areas. The study found that the Namibian government exercised good governance practices and provided basic services to citizens. Nonetheless, inappropriate governance practices by some public institutions delay service delivery. The study concluded that while poor governance and ineffective service delivery are considerable challenges faced by public service, they are not insurmountable. The thesis acknowledged a significant progress made by creating governance structures at sub-national levels to provide and accelerate the delivery of essential services to citizens in Namibia. Notwithstanding the above, more still need to be done to improve the socio-economic welfare of Namibian people. Therefore, the research recommended that the Government of Republic of Namibia ought to provide sufficient resources and promote public participation to address the needs and aspirations of the citizens particularly the previously marginalised people in rural areas. Moreover, sub-national governance structures should be strengthened and essential government functions and services be devolved. / Public Administration and Management / D. (Public Administration)