Heat stress (HS) is one of the consequential important problems facing the swine industry. The negative effects of HS include reduced growth performance, reproductive efficiency, and carcass quality as well as increased morbidity and mortality. Although, the swine industry has developed several abatement strategies (i.e., fans, cooling pads, sprinklers, etc.), these approaches may be ineffective in the future as global temperatures continue to rise and the frequency of more severe heat waves increases in regions where animal agriculture is prevalent. These extreme heat events put pigs (especially those approaching market weight) at risk for acute hyperthermia that can lead to death unless body temperature is rapidly returned to euthermia and thermoregulatory function is restored.Therefore, evaluating mitigation strategies to promote recovery from acute hyperthermia is of utmost importance for improving pigs’ health and well-being and ensuring profitability and food security. In four experiments, the existence of microclimates in grow-finish barns during late summer was ascertained and a rapid cooling technique using cold water dousing and feed removal to promote recovery from acute hyperthermia in pigs was evaluated. In the first study, it was determined that microclimates exist in grow-finish barns and that pigs raised in pens that were not located directly below air inlets and ventilation fans had greater body temperature and reduced feed efficiency despite similarities in the in-barn ambient temperature and relative humidity. These data exemplifythe importance of adequate ventilation systems in swine barns and the impact of microclimates on pigs’ health and productivity during warm summer months. In the second study, grow-finish pigs that did not have feed access were exposed to acute HS and then rapidly or gradually cooled. Following the acute HS and recovery phase, all pigs were maintained under thermoneutral conditions and then euthanized over three days to determine the temporal effects of the cooling treatment on body temperature and intestinal integrity. The results showed that rapid cooling following acute hyperthermia in pigswas effective in returning body temperature to euthermia more rapidly compared to gradual cooling and rapid cooling prevented further intestinal damage. Based on these results, it was hypothesized that feed removal may have played a role in the effectiveness of rapid cooling. Therefore, a third experiment was conducted in which grow-finish pigs with or without access to feed were exposed to an acute HS challenge and then rapidly cooled. This study concluded that feed access was a determinant factor in the cooling outcome, as the gastrointestinal temperature returned to euthermia during the rapid cooling period more rapidly when feed was removed. Finally, a fourth study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feed removal in the absence of rapid cooling on the systemic inflammatory response and short-term growth performance of grow-finish pigs. However, it was determined that feed removal alone did not reduce the inflammatory response as expected. Overall, these studies demonstrate the risk forgrow-finish pigs during summer heat events and the potential use of rapid cooling in combination with feed removal for promoting recovery from acute hyperthermia in pigs.

The presented dissertation thesis called " Německý Brod graduale by Paul Melnik in 1506" is bound to my bachelor thesis, which also dealt with manuscript from the Paul of Melnik's workshop. The introduction of the thesis summarizes the already existing literature on the topic (Chap. 1). Then the following chapters are focused on the illuminator of the studied graduale (Chap. 2.1); they are also engaged in the questionable issues of provenance and dating the graduale, which is allegedly dated in 1506, however, the illumination contained in it rather refers to the graphic analogy (ies) of A. Dürer, which was (were) issued not earlier than in 1511 (Chap. 2.2). The thesis also includes a chapter which is dedicated to the donator of the manuscript (Chap. 3.1). Moreover, there are emphasized problems of literary fraternity and art of Utraquism in Bohemia as well (Chap. 3.3). The chapter 3.2 tries to summarize the works of the illuminator Paul of Melnik, and also to describe his artistic character. The last chapters are devoted to the decoration of the graduale and to possible analogies within the illuminations (Chap. 4).

Hipólito José da Costa Pereira Furtado de Mendonça é considerado o primeiro jornalista brasileiro. Ao lançar em Londres, em 1º de junho de 1808, o Correio Braziliense ou Armazém Literário, também fundou a imprensa política em língua portuguesa. Seu periódico, que circulou todos os meses de junho de 1808 a dezembro de 1822, foi objeto de vários historiadores e comentaristas. Sua inserção nos quadros da maçonaria e a conseqüente passagem pelos cárceres da Inquisição, em Lisboa, também receberam alguma atenção de nossa historiografia. Contudo, a viagem que empreendeu em sua juventude à América do Norte ainda é tema praticamente inexplorado. Tratava-se de uma missão oficial, inserida no contexto de um ambicioso projeto desenvolvido pela Coroa portuguesa nas últimas décadas do século XVIII, com o intuito de modernizar a economia colonial. Ali o jovem naturalista deveria investigar inovações e adquirir conhecimentos úteis à diversificação da agricultura no Brasil. Agente desta política de Estado, Hipólito da Costa chegou aos Estados Unidos aos 24 anos de idade, em dezembro de 1798. Lá permaneceria até fins de 1800, registrando os percalços da missão e suas impressões sobre a jovem nação norte-americana em seu Diário da minha Viagem para Filadélfia. Este trabalho é uma tentativa de interpretar as representações que ele construiu sobre os Estados Unidos em seu diário de viagem, tendo este documento como base principal, mas não exclusiva. Também são utilizados textos que ele escreveu durante sua permanência na América do Norte e ainda escritos de sua maturidade, publicados no período de seu exílio em Londres. Ao cotejar estes escritos, a pesquisa segue a assertiva de que a viagem aos Estados Unidos foi um marco importante na trajetória de Hipólito da Costa e as idéias com as quais conviveu ali uma das matrizes de sua escrita e de seu pensamento político. / Hipólito José da Costa Pereira Furtado de Mendonça is considerated the first brazilians journalist. When launching the Correio Braziliense ou Armazém Literário, in Junes first of 1808, in London he has also founded the politicians press in portuguese language. His journal was been studied by several historians and commentators. His masonrys participation and the consequent ticket for the jails of the Inquisition, at Lisbon, also received some attention from our historiography. Meanwhile his youths North America travel remains an unexplored subject. It was an official mission, part of an ambitious Portuguese crowns project, developed in the last few decades of century XVIII, intending to modernize colonial economy. There, the young naturalist would have to investigate innovations and to acquire useful knowledge to brazilians agriculture diversification. Agent of this State politician, Hipólito da Costa has arrived at the United States at the age of 24, in December of 1798. He would remain there until 1800 ends, registering his mission profits and impressions about the young North America nation in his Diário da minha Viagem para Filadélfia. This job is an intention to interpret the North America representations he has build in his travel diary, taking it by main base, but not exclusive. Thats also been used his writings from North America stay and from his maturity, published during his London exile. When considering these writings, the research follows the assertive one of that the travel to the United States was an important landmark in the Hipólito da Costa trajectory and the ideas he has coexisted was one of the matrices of his writings and politician thoughts.

Hipólito José da Costa Pereira Furtado de Mendonça é considerado o primeiro jornalista brasileiro. Ao lançar em Londres, em 1º de junho de 1808, o Correio Braziliense ou Armazém Literário, também fundou a imprensa política em língua portuguesa. Seu periódico, que circulou todos os meses de junho de 1808 a dezembro de 1822, foi objeto de vários historiadores e comentaristas. Sua inserção nos quadros da maçonaria e a conseqüente passagem pelos cárceres da Inquisição, em Lisboa, também receberam alguma atenção de nossa historiografia. Contudo, a viagem que empreendeu em sua juventude à América do Norte ainda é tema praticamente inexplorado. Tratava-se de uma missão oficial, inserida no contexto de um ambicioso projeto desenvolvido pela Coroa portuguesa nas últimas décadas do século XVIII, com o intuito de modernizar a economia colonial. Ali o jovem naturalista deveria investigar inovações e adquirir conhecimentos úteis à diversificação da agricultura no Brasil. Agente desta política de Estado, Hipólito da Costa chegou aos Estados Unidos aos 24 anos de idade, em dezembro de 1798. Lá permaneceria até fins de 1800, registrando os percalços da missão e suas impressões sobre a jovem nação norte-americana em seu Diário da minha Viagem para Filadélfia. Este trabalho é uma tentativa de interpretar as representações que ele construiu sobre os Estados Unidos em seu diário de viagem, tendo este documento como base principal, mas não exclusiva. Também são utilizados textos que ele escreveu durante sua permanência na América do Norte e ainda escritos de sua maturidade, publicados no período de seu exílio em Londres. Ao cotejar estes escritos, a pesquisa segue a assertiva de que a viagem aos Estados Unidos foi um marco importante na trajetória de Hipólito da Costa e as idéias com as quais conviveu ali uma das matrizes de sua escrita e de seu pensamento político. / Hipólito José da Costa Pereira Furtado de Mendonça is considerated the first brazilians journalist. When launching the Correio Braziliense ou Armazém Literário, in Junes first of 1808, in London he has also founded the politicians press in portuguese language. His journal was been studied by several historians and commentators. His masonrys participation and the consequent ticket for the jails of the Inquisition, at Lisbon, also received some attention from our historiography. Meanwhile his youths North America travel remains an unexplored subject. It was an official mission, part of an ambitious Portuguese crowns project, developed in the last few decades of century XVIII, intending to modernize colonial economy. There, the young naturalist would have to investigate innovations and to acquire useful knowledge to brazilians agriculture diversification. Agent of this State politician, Hipólito da Costa has arrived at the United States at the age of 24, in December of 1798. He would remain there until 1800 ends, registering his mission profits and impressions about the young North America nation in his Diário da minha Viagem para Filadélfia. This job is an intention to interpret the North America representations he has build in his travel diary, taking it by main base, but not exclusive. Thats also been used his writings from North America stay and from his maturity, published during his London exile. When considering these writings, the research follows the assertive one of that the travel to the United States was an important landmark in the Hipólito da Costa trajectory and the ideas he has coexisted was one of the matrices of his writings and politician thoughts.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1995204 bytes, checksum: 633f21a0b6ae7bab0d65d109081c52e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The traditional understanding of the concept of citizenship recognizes rights and obligations by reason of the attachments of certain groups of individuals to a State law order. This notion distinguishes between individuals who are or are not citizens of one State, as if they possessed certain equal status. It overlooks, however, rooted internal discriminations that distinguish citizens gradually, due to its more or less correspondence to homogeneous parameters and their belonging to social classes. Accordingly, even supposedly democratic states oppress qualitative minorities in veiled manner, defying human rights and disregarding duties that are internationally recognised. The study discussed in this dissertation is based on such statement, and admits the existence of graduated citizenship even among Brazilians. Furthermore, this study proposes to analyse the specific contribution of the Brazilian Judiciary in maintaining the limitations of citizenship in the country, either through direct violation, or through simple connivance. Thus, the dissertation starts with the following question: the role of the national Judiciary has contributed to the perpetuation of the limitation of citizenship rights for marginalized groups even while seeking parity of into-the-process conditions? The hypothesis of this study is that it is up to the courts to ensure the observance of these rights and duties, and if different degrees of citizenship in Brazil can still be found, the parameters and actuation on behalf of equality have not been sufficient to solve the problem. It may lead to the need to revise the paradigms that shape the self-understanding of Justice and how it sees the Brazilian citizen. From the answer of this problem, the dissertation intends to contribute to studies on citizenship and access to justice in Brazil from the joint analysis of these themes - which though commonly operated in isolated way, they act in synchrony on implementation and violation of human rights in Brazil. For this, this study adopts legal pluralism as a theoretical framework that uses primarily the method of dialectical approach, analysing the Law as part of the social totality. The results indicate the need to revise the procedural instrumentalism and reinforce the understanding of the process as subjective right to be satisfied from the dialogical participation. The study criticizes the limitations of the socialization process theory, among which the politicization of the Judge, the procedural slowness and the pursuit of efficiency of the Judiciary according to business criteria. Then, the dissertation proposes the adoption of a qualified democratic process that is timely, effective, appropriate and dialogical. Finally, it also recognizes the need to modify the parameter self-centered that understands the Law, going to examine in different kinds of ways according to the multicultural and multilegal state and through the democratic process. / Segundo a compreensão tradicional, o instituto da cidadania reconhece direitos e obrigações fundamentais em razão da vinculação de determinados grupos de indivíduos a uma orde m jurídica estatal. Essa noção distingue os indivíduos entre aqueles que são ou não cidadãos de dado Estado, como se concidadãos fossem dotados de certo status de igualdade. Olvida, contudo, discriminações internas enraizadas que distinguem os cidadãos de maneira gradual, em razão de sua maior ou menor correspondência a parâmetros homogêneos e seu pertencimento a classes sociais. Assim, mesmo Estados pretensamente democráticos oprimem de modo velado minorias qualitativas, afrontando direitos humanos e descumprindo deveres reconhecidos internacionalmente. O presente estudo parte dessa constatação, admite a existência de graduação de cidadania mesmo entre nacionais e propõe-se a analisar a contribuição específica do Judiciário brasileiro na manutenção das limitações de cidadania no país, seja por meio de violação direta, seja por intermédio de simples conivência. Desse modo, parte do seguinte questionamento: a atuação do Judiciário nacional tem contribuído na perpetuação da limitação de direitos de cidadania para grupos marginalizados mesmo enquanto busca a paridade de armas endoprocessual? Considera-se a hipótese de que se cabe ao Judiciário garantir a observância desses direitos e deveres e continua sendo possível constatar a existência de diferentes graus de cidadania no país, os parâmetros e a atuação em prol da isonomia não têm sido suficientes para solucionar o problema, o que pode ensejar a necessidade de rever os paradigmas que moldam a autocompreensão da Justiça e a forma como esta vê o cidadão brasileiro. Com isso, pretende-se, respondendo o problema, contribuir para os estudos sobre cidadania e acesso à justiça no Brasil, a partir da análise conjunta desses temas que, embora costumeiramente explorados de maneira isolada, atuam com sincronia na concretização e na violação dos direitos humanos no Brasil. Para tanto, adota-se o pluralismo jurídico como marco teórico e utiliza-se prioritariamente o método de abordagem dialético, analisando o Direito como parte da totalidade social. Os resultados alcançados indicam a necessidade de rever o instrumentalismo processual e reforçar a compreensão do processo como direito subjetivo, a ser satisfeito a partir da participação dialógica. Critica-se as limitações da teoria socializadora do processo, dentre as quais a politização do juiz, a morosidade processual e a busca pela eficiência do Judiciário segundo critérios empresariais. Propõe a adoção de um processo democrático qualificado e, por isso, tempestivo, efetivo, adequado e dialógico. Reconhece, também, a necessidade de modificar o parâmetro autocentrado com que se compreende o Direito, passando a analisá-lo de maneira plural, segundo o Estado plurijurídico e multicultural, e por intermédio do processo democrático.

Title: Dose-response curves Author: Martin Hezoučký Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Zdeněk Hlávka, Ph.D., Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Abstract: In this thesis, we deal with the process of research and development of new medical substances with a focus on statistical methods used to determine appropriate doses. For this purpose, we examine the dose-response relationship. First, we describe a typical procedure for the development of a new drug. Second, we focus in detail on the MCP-Mod method. Third, we propose a new method based on the theory of gradual change models. This approach tests whether the administration of the drug has a significant effect. If so, the dose with desired effect is estimated using an appropriate model. Specifically, we provide an esti- mate using linear, quadratic and Emax gradual change models. We also describe a construction of a confidence interval for the point of change and also for the dose with the desired effect. The advantage of the proposed method over the MCP-Mod is the determination of the confidence intervals. Finally, we apply the above mentioned methods to data from the U.S. Tox21 research program and compare the results based on several tested substances and clearly demonstrate the...

O que se desejou investigar é se o curso de Engenharia Civil da Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo mostra-se adequado principalmente na perspectiva do aluno. Pretendeu-se descobrir o que ainda deve ser mudado e o que não deve ser mudado, avaliando-se as ações implementadas na Escola com base nas percepções apontadas e divulgadas principalmente à época do seu Centenário, em 1993. O presente trabalho visa avaliar o que foi implementado nesses doze anos. Como a formação gradual do engenheiro desta Escola privilegia a formação básica e o maior número de queixas registradas era com relação às disciplinas do Ciclo Básico, focalizou-se com mais ênfase a satisfação dos alunos do primeiro e segundo ano. Esta tese apresenta sugestões de novas ações para conduzir ao aprimoramento de um curso de Engenharia. / The aim of this study is an evaluation of whether the Civil Engineering course of Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo is adequate from the point of the students. Great effort has been spent on finding what had to be changed, as well as on highlighting what should not be changed, through an evaluation of the group decisions implemented at this School as a result of the staff cooperation in producing a new course structure in conjunction with the commemorations of the First Centennial of the School\'s foundation. This resulted in continued action in the last 12 years, which is evaluated in this study. Because the School emphasizes the basic education of its engineering students and because most students\' complaints were related to the first two years of the course, called Ciclo Básico (\"Basic Cycle\"), these opinions were highlighted as an important result. This study also includes a set of suggestions aimed at the improvement of any engineering course.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:17:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Isabella Luiza Debone de Sousa.pdf: 1233753 bytes, checksum: 2b1773db3219990b3b7dccd3c198f44a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-15 / Previous studies that proposed to install mand and tact in children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, added to the training procedure different verbal antecedents, in addition to the ones under investigation that are supposed to control. The present study sought to assess a procedure to install mand and tact in four autistic children with gradually delay echoic prompt. Two different topographies were trained for each participant. The children were separated into two groups. The group number 1 was trained in the mand-tact route and the group number 2 in the tact-mand route. The results showed that the use of gradually delay echoic prompt was effective in the participants of the mand-tact route for one topography and for the verbal operant tact only. The follow up result showed that the correct answers by this participant were maintained after one month, and for the three others participants, it is noticeable a higher number of echoic answers related with the baseline for the two trained topographies / Estudos anteriores que se propuseram a instalar mando e tato em crianças diagnosticadas com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo, adicionaram ao procedimento de treino diferentes antecedentes verbais, além dos que deveriam controlar o operante sob investigação. No presente estudo pretendeu-se avaliar um procedimento de instalação de mando e de tato em crianças autistas com atraso gradual do modelo ecoico. Duas topografias diferentes foram treinadas para cada participante. As crianças foram divididas em dois grupos. O grupo 1 foi treinado na rota mando-tato e o grupo 2 na rota tato-mando. Os resultados demonstraram que o uso do atraso gradual do modelo ecoico foi eficaz apenas para um dos participantes da rota mando-tato para uma topografia e para o operante verbal tato. Os resultados do follow-up indicaram que as respostas corretas para esse participante se mantiveram após um mês e para os outros três participantes observou-se um número maior de respostas ecoicas em relação à linha de base para as duas topografias treinadas

Resistive random access memory (RRAM) is a non-volatile memory technology based on resistive switching in a dielectric or semiconductor sandwiched between two different metals. Also known as memristors, these devices are potential candidates for a next-generation replacement for flash memory. In this thesis, bipolar resistive switching is reported for the first time in solution-deposited zinc-tin-oxide (ZTO). The impact of the compliance current on device operation, including the SET and RESET voltages, pre-SET, RESET and post-RESET currents, the resistance ratio between the low and high resistance states, retention, and the endurance, is investigated for an isolated Al dot/ZTO/Ir blanket device and for Al/ZTO/Pt crossbar RRAM devices. A gradual forming process is devised to improve device stability and performance. It is found that the device performance depends critically on the compliance current density that is used to limit the breakdown conduction during the SET operation. In addition, it was found that the conduction and switching mechanisms are consistent with the filament model of formation and rupture of conductive filaments. / Graduation date: 2012

The main theme of this study is to analyze the Soviet economic theoretical debate in the period 1985 – 1991. This period of reconstruction gave possibilities of a more free debate. In the period up to 1989/90 the directive from the Central Committee of the Communist Party was to defend the socialist economic system and its supremacy over market economics. However, certain market economic ideas were deemed as functioning methods also in a planned economic system. One of the conclusions in this thesis is that the Soviet economists failed to solve some central theoretical problems in the Soviet economy and as consequence their thinking failed to have a stabilizing effect on the socialist economic theory. The Achilles heel was how to apply the labour theory of value on a planned economy. In 1990 and 1991 the discussion was very free and now a transition to market economy was accepted by the economists. The main issue between the Soviet economists became now whether a gradual transition to market economy was to be preferred to shock therapy. The majority of the economists recommended a gradual transition. Scholars have emphasized that old stationary structures are important in Russian and Soviet history. A conclusion in this thesis is that such structures seemed to have played a role in Soviet and Russian theoretical thinking in the period 1985 – 1991.