Understanding of the diverse aspects affecting the regeneration ecology of species is crucial to make decisions regarding management and conservation strategies, especially in highly fragile and threatened ecosystem as the Neotropical savanna (cerrado) formations. Available knowledge of regeneration ecology of cerrado species is too limited to attain optimal or suitable management actions. The objectives of the present study were: i) analysis of the characteristic parameters of the anemochorous seed dispersal of study species Q. grandiflora, (ii) determine the spatial distribution of tree species Q. grandiflora for growth stages (seedlings to juveniles) and interrelations between the stages, and (iii) determining variables of the spatial distribution of recruitment of tree species A. tomentosum. The present study was conducted in the cerrado Aguara Ñu of the Mbaracayú Nature Forest Reserve located in the northeast of Paraguay. The cerrado Aguara Ñu is part of the Mbaracayú Biosphere Reserve and represents one of the most important ecoregions in the world, the cerrado ecosystem. The cerrado biome encompasses areas from northeastern to southwestern Brazil, eastern Bolivia, and northern Paraguay. It is characterized by the presence of high plant and animal biodiversity and also high endemism (Myers et al., 2000). Tree species Q. grandiflora and A. tomentosum are typical species of the cerrado formation. Based on the selected investigated regeneration cycle stages of study tree species Q. grandiflora and A. tomentosum, the present thesis describes the spatial analysis of recruitment of both study species and the anemochorous diaspore dispersal of tree species Q. grandiflora. The purpose of the present investigation is to address regeneration aspects not attained so far as certain seed dispersal aspects, such as seed densities and distances from conspecific adult trees and spatial arrangements of seedlings of species A. tomentosum. Results of the present study aim to contribute to existing information and at the same time provide new knowledge on ecological aspects so far not investigated. Research results on seed dispersal of tree species Q. grandiflora revealed that dispersal can be modeled by inverse modelling considering isotropy and lognormal density function presenting mean dispersal distances of 10.69 to 62.48 m. Estimations of the fruit production of a seed tree yielded a total 50671 to 70632 (DBH = 70 cm). Results of spatial arrangement of seedlings and juveniles revealed a significant distance effect to conspecific adult trees. Moreover, results also showed: (i) highest densities or intensities (m2) of seedlings (heights <50 cm) close to the conspecific adult trees and (ii) a shift of intensity of seedlings with increase of growth stage or size for tree species Q. grandiflora. Additionally, seedlings (up to 200 cm height) of study species Q. grandiflora indicated gradual decreasing clumping patterns and juveniles (200 – 500 cm height) presented clumping patterns. Modelling results of spatial patterns of seedlings (heights ≤ 200 cm) of study tree species A. tomentosum revealed aggregation patterns. Moreover, shade effect resulted to be a statistical significant factor for the establishment of seedlings of tree species A. tomentosum (p-value = 0.0266), whereas distance effect to seed tree resulted not significant (p-value= 0.4936). Considering the findings of seed dispersal and spatial patterns analysis of tree species Q. grandiflora and A. tomentosum some management aspects to be attained for conservation purposes are avoiding fragmentation of the ecosystem, management of the spatial and time fire frequency and maintain minimum amount of seed trees per unit area in order to guarantee successful recruitment.:1. Introduction 1 References 8 2. Materials and Methods 13 2.1 Characterization of the cerrado biome 13 2.2 Description of the study area and study sites 15 2.3 Characterization of the study tree species 23 2.3.1 Qualea grandiflora (Mart.) 23 2.3.2 Aspidosperma tomentosum (Mart.) 24 2.4 Principles and selection criteria 25 2.5 Data collection 26 2.5.1 Seed dispersal 26 2.5.2 Spatial patterns of plants 27 2.6 Data analysis 28 2.6.1 Statistical analysis of data 28 2.6.2 General statistical procedures of data analysis 30 2.6.3 Spatial point process analysis – Inverse modelling and spatial point patterns 31 2.6.4 Spatial point patterns analysis procedure 33 2.6.4.1 Descriptive statistics in spatial point patterns 36 2.6.4.1.1 Distance effect of seedlings from seed trees (rhohat function) 36 2.6.4.1.2 Pair correlation function (pcf) 36 2.6.4.2 Point process modelling 38 References 43 3. Seed dispersal of Qualea grandiflora (Mart.) 49 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 Methodology 51 3.2.1 Data collection and seed trap design 51 3.2.1 Data analysis – inverse modelling 53 3.3 Results 58 3.3.1 Seed density 58 3.3.2 Inverse modelling results – seed production, dispersal and distances 60 3.3.2.1 Isotropic modelling 61 3.3.2.2 Anisotropic modelling 63 3.3.2.3 Statistical comparison isotropy vs. anisotropy 66 3.4 Discussion 67 3.4.1 Applied methodology for seed dispersal – trap design and inverse modelling 67 3.4.2 Seed dispersal modelling 69 3.5 Conclusion 74 References 75 4. Spatial analysis of Qualea grandiflora (Mart.) 80 4.1 Introduction 80 4.2 Methodology 82 4.2.1 Data collection – Field sampling 82 4.2.2 Data analysis 85 4.2.2.1 Spatial point pattern – Explorative analysis 85 4.2.2.2 Point process modelling (Poisson and Gibbs models) 87 4.2.3 Results 89 4.2.3.1 Spatial distribution of individuals of study species 89 4.2.3.2 Modelling distance effect of recruitment to adult trees 95 4.2.4 Discussion 102 4.2.4.1 Applied methodology for spatial analysis of study species 102 4.2.4.2 Spatial arrangement of study species 103 4.2.5 Conclusion 109 References 109 5. Spatial analysis of Aspidosperma tomentosum (Mart.)115 5.1 Introduction 115 5.2 Methodology 117 5.2.1 Data collection – Field sampling 117 5.2.2 Data analysis 120 5.2.2.1 Spatial point pattern – Explorative analysis 120 5.2.2.2 Point process modelling – Replicated point patterns 120 5.3 Results 123 5.3.1 Spatial distribution of natural regeneration of study species 123 5.3.2 Modelling shade and distance to seed tree effect on natural regeneration of study species 130 5.4 Discussion 133 5.4.1 Applied methodology for data collection and analysis 133 5.4.2 Spatial distribution of natural regeneration of study species 134 5.5 Conclusion 139 References 140 5. Concluding discussion and summary 146 6.1 Regeneration ecology of Qualea grandiflora and Aspidosperma tomentosum 146 6.1.1 Inferences on relation of seed dispersal and spatial distribution of recruitment of Qualea grandiflora 146 6.1.2 Inferences on spatial patterns of recruitment of Aspidoserma tomentosum 149 6.2 Management implications for Qualea grandiflora Aspidosperma tomentosum 150 6.3 Future research 153 6.4 Concluding summary 154 References 155

Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) is a primitive tree species that has attracted attention because of its horticultural distinctiveness, the wealth of natural products associated with it, and its evolutionary position as a basal angiosperm. Terpenoid constituents were determined from Magnolia leaves and flowers. Magnolia leaves constitutively produced two major terpenoids, andamp;acirc;-cubebene and germacrene A. However, upon wounding Magnolia leaves biosynthesized a significant array of monoand sesquiterpenoids, including andamp;acirc;-pinene, trans-andamp;acirc;-ocimene, andamp;aacute;-gurjunene, andamp;acirc;-caryophyllene and andamp;acirc;-cubebene, along with fatty acid derivatives such as cis-jasmone, for up to 19 hours after treatment. Flowers were also examined for their emission of terpene volatiles prior to and after opening, and also in response to challenge by Japanese beetles. Opened and un-opened flowers constitutively emitted a blend of monoterpenes dominated by andamp;acirc;-pinene and cis-andamp;acirc;-ocimene. However, the emission levels of monoterpenes such as verbenone, geraniol, and citral, and sesquiterpenes such as andamp;acirc;-cubebene, andamp;aacute;-farnesene, and andamp;acirc;-caryophyllene were significantly elevated in the emissions of the beetle-challenged flowers. Three cDNAs corresponding to terpene synthase (TPS) genes expressed in young Magnolia leaves were isolated and the corresponding enzymes were functionally characterized in vitro. Recombinant Mg25 converted FPP (C15) predominantly to andamp;acirc;-cubebene, while Mg17 converted GPP (C5) to andamp;aacute;-terpineol. Efforts to functionally characterize Mg11 were unsuccessful. Transcript levels for all 3 genes were prominent in young leaf tissue and significantly elevated for Mg25 and Mg11 mRNAs in stamens. A putative N-terminal signal peptide of Mg17 targeted the reporter GFP protein to both chloroplasts and mitochondria when transiently expressed in epidermal cells of Nicotiana tabacum leaves. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that Mg25 and Mg11 belonged to the angiosperm sesquiterpene synthase subclass TPS-a, while Mg17 aligned more closely to the angiosperm monoterpene synthase subclass TPS-b. Unexpectedly, intron/exon organizations for the three Magnolia TPS genes were different from one another and from other well characterized terpene synthase gene sets. The Mg17 gene consists of 6 introns arranged in a manner similar to many other angiosperm sesquiterpene synthases, but Mg11 contains only 4 introns, and Mg25 has only a single intron near the 5 terminus of the gene. Our results suggest that much of the structural diversity observed in the Magnolia TPS genes may have occurred by means other than intron-loss from a common ancestor TPS gene. Costunolide is a sesquiterpene lactone widely recognized for its diverse biological activities, including its bitter taste in lettuces, and as a precursor to the more potent pharmacological agent parthenolide. A lettuce EST database was screened for cytochrome P450 genes that might be associated with sesquiterpene hydroxylation. Five ESTs were selected based on sequence similarity to known sesquiterpene hydroxylases and three of them (Ls7108, Ls3597 and Ls2101) were successfully amplified as fulllength cDNAs. To functionally characterize these cDNAs, they were co-expressed along with a germacrene A synthase and a cytochrome P450 reductase in yeast. Based on product profile comparisons between the three different lines to the control line, only the Ls7108-harboring line produced unique compounds. Neither of the other lines showed a new product peak. The more abundant, polar product generated by the Ls7108-containing line was purified and identified as a 12-acetoxy-germacrene by NMR analysis. In vitro studies using Ls7108 microsomal proteins did not yield the 12-acetoxy-germacrene A, but the putative germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol intermediate. Catalytic activity of the Ls7108 microsomal enzyme was NADPH, pH and time dependent. Our results demonstrate that Ls7108 is a lettuce cytochrome P450 which catalyzes the hydroxylation of a methyl group of the isopropenyl substituent of germacrene A, generating germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol, and that when this mono-hydroxylated sesquiterpene is synthesized in yeast, an endogenous yeast enzyme further modifies the germacrenol compound by acetylation of the alcohol group at the C-12 position.

Orientador: Roberto Lyra Villas Boas / Banca: João Carlos Cury Saad / Banca: Marcos Vinicius Folegatti / Resumo: O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de condutividade elétrica em crisântemo (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev.) em cultivo protegido como meio de indicar a melhor concentração de sais a ser aplicada às plantas. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido na propriedade Steltenpool, localizada no distrito de Holambra II, município de Paranapanema, Estado de São Paulo. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com parcelas onde os níveis de condutividade elétrica foram as sub parcelas e as 5 épocas de leitura, as parcelas, em quatro repetições. Os níveis de condutividade elétrica determinados na solução aplicada foram: 1,42; 1,65; 1,89; 2,13 e 2,36 dS m-1 (fase vegetativa); 1,71; 1,97; 2,28; 2,57 e 2,85 dS m-1 (fase de botão). Semanalmente foram determinados os seguintes parâmetros: altura da planta e diâmetro do buquê. A cada quatorze dias foram avaliados: área foliar; fitomassa seca da parte aérea; concentração dos macro e micronutrientes. Na pós-colheita avaliou-se: número e diâmetro de inflorescências; diâmetro de haste; área foliar; número de folhas; tamanho das folhas; altura da planta e diâmetro do buquê. O monitoramento da concentração salina da solução do substrato na zona radicular das plantas foi feito com o uso de extratores e também determinada na solução 1:2. O tratamento correspondente à aplicação de uma solução com condutividade elétrica de 2,13 dS m-1 na fase vegetativa e 2,57 dS m-1 na fase de botão proporcionou o melhor aspecto visual de plantas de crisântemo no vaso, maior valor de fitomassa seca da parte aérea, maior área foliar, maior concentração de N e melhor formação, coloração e durabilidade pós-colheita. / Abstract: The present research was developed with the objective of evaluating the effects of different levels of eletrical conductivity under greenhouse conditions as a way of finding the best salt concentrations to be applied to the chrysanthemum plants (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev.). The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions at Steltenpoolþs farm, located in Holambra II disctrict, Paranapanema town, São Paulo State. The experimental design was the casual blocks with portions where the eletrical conductivity were the split plots and the 5 reading times, the plots, in four repeatings. The eletrical conductivity levels on the applied solution were: 1.42; 1.65; 1.89; 2.13 and 2.36 dS m-1 (bud vegetative stage); 1.71; 1.97; 2.28; 2.57 and 2.85 dS m-1 (bud stage). Every week the following parameters were evaluated: plant height and bouquet diameter. Every 14 days were evaluated: leaf area, dry mass of the aerial portion of the plant and macro and trace elements concentrations. During the post harvest were evaluated: number and diameter of the open flowers, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf amount, leaf size, plant height and bouquet diameter. The solution salt concentration monitoring of the substrate at the roots zone was done with the usage of extractors and was determined in the 1:2 solution. The related treatment to the application of a electrical conductivity level of 2.13 dS m-1 during the vegetative stage and 2.57 dS m-1 during the bud stage provided the best visual aspect of the plants in the chrysanthemum vase; higher aerial part dry mass; higher leaf area; higher N concentration and best formation; coloring and post harsvest life. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-12-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:15:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mota_prd_me_botfca.pdf: 1043918 bytes, checksum: 264d283dfc8890420f9c56b095c780ea (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de condutividade elétrica em crisântemo (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev.) em cultivo protegido como meio de indicar a melhor concentração de sais a ser aplicada às plantas. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido na propriedade Steltenpool, localizada no distrito de Holambra II, município de Paranapanema, Estado de São Paulo. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com parcelas onde os níveis de condutividade elétrica foram as sub parcelas e as 5 épocas de leitura, as parcelas, em quatro repetições. Os níveis de condutividade elétrica determinados na solução aplicada foram: 1,42; 1,65; 1,89; 2,13 e 2,36 dS m-1 (fase vegetativa); 1,71; 1,97; 2,28; 2,57 e 2,85 dS m-1 (fase de botão). Semanalmente foram determinados os seguintes parâmetros: altura da planta e diâmetro do buquê. A cada quatorze dias foram avaliados: área foliar; fitomassa seca da parte aérea; concentração dos macro e micronutrientes. Na pós-colheita avaliou-se: número e diâmetro de inflorescências; diâmetro de haste; área foliar; número de folhas; tamanho das folhas; altura da planta e diâmetro do buquê. O monitoramento da concentração salina da solução do substrato na zona radicular das plantas foi feito com o uso de extratores e também determinada na solução 1:2. O tratamento correspondente à aplicação de uma solução com condutividade elétrica de 2,13 dS m-1 na fase vegetativa e 2,57 dS m-1 na fase de botão proporcionou o melhor aspecto visual de plantas de crisântemo no vaso, maior valor de fitomassa seca da parte aérea, maior área foliar, maior concentração de N e melhor formação, coloração e durabilidade pós-colheita. / The present research was developed with the objective of evaluating the effects of different levels of eletrical conductivity under greenhouse conditions as a way of finding the best salt concentrations to be applied to the chrysanthemum plants (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev.). The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions at Steltenpoolþs farm, located in Holambra II disctrict, Paranapanema town, São Paulo State. The experimental design was the casual blocks with portions where the eletrical conductivity were the split plots and the 5 reading times, the plots, in four repeatings. The eletrical conductivity levels on the applied solution were: 1.42; 1.65; 1.89; 2.13 and 2.36 dS m-1 (bud vegetative stage); 1.71; 1.97; 2.28; 2.57 and 2.85 dS m-1 (bud stage). Every week the following parameters were evaluated: plant height and bouquet diameter. Every 14 days were evaluated: leaf area, dry mass of the aerial portion of the plant and macro and trace elements concentrations. During the post harvest were evaluated: number and diameter of the open flowers, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf amount, leaf size, plant height and bouquet diameter. The solution salt concentration monitoring of the substrate at the roots zone was done with the usage of extractors and was determined in the 1:2 solution. The related treatment to the application of a electrical conductivity level of 2.13 dS m-1 during the vegetative stage and 2.57 dS m-1 during the bud stage provided the best visual aspect of the plants in the chrysanthemum vase; higher aerial part dry mass; higher leaf area; higher N concentration and best formation; coloring and post harsvest life.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-11-04T11:29:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana Marques de Albuquerque.pdf: 421451 bytes, checksum: 704421ac294f7976eefb1da5b1fc6163 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-04T11:29:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana Marques de Albuquerque.pdf: 421451 bytes, checksum: 704421ac294f7976eefb1da5b1fc6163 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-04 / The Cryptostegya grandiflora R. Br. is a member of the family os Asclepiadaceae has found is Northest Brazil. Its presents the potential of multiporposes, as an example of material-raw to industry and in the pop medicine for its antibacterial potential, stimulant and anti-inflammatory. This paper may suggest an biotecnical applying to latex of C. grandiflora as a substance to manufactor alternative medicines with anti-inflammatory porposes and/or pro-inflammatory to several pathological and fisiological conditions. The objective of this work was to evaluated the mechanism and possible mediators envolvible to the induced inflammatory response by fraction LP the latex of C. grandiflora. The model used have been: peritonitis, paw edema, air pouch e model of cutaneous wounds. Its has been used Swiss mice (38,0 ± 3,0 g) or Wistar Rats (170,0 ± 33,0). Its has been checked that the fraction LP latex induced the migration of neutrophhils to peritoneal cavity so that dose and time dependent in the peritonitis model, paw edema and air pouch. The increasing number of macrophages through pre- treatement of the animals with thiglycolate potencialized the migration of neutrophils induced by fraction LP the latex of C. grandiflora; The depletion of mast cells through the treatment with substance 4880 did not interfere in the migration of neutrophils induced by fraction LP the latex. This way, if supposes the involvement of the macrophages and not mast cells in the induced inflame response by fraction LP the latex. The pro-inflammatory activity in the model of peritonitis has been inhibited through the pre-treatment of the animals with tthalidomide, dexamethasone, indomethacine and celecoxib. The fraction LP latex a applied by endovenous may reduced the migration of neutrophils by carrageenan in rats and increased the presence of inflammatory signals oedema, hyperemia, exudative characteristics and crust in cutaneous wounds of mice and was not capable to stimulate the process of repaiting of these cutaneous injuries. / A Cryptostegia grandiflora R.Br. é um membro da família Asclepiadaceae encontrada no Nordeste do Brasil. Apresenta amplo potencial de utilização, a exemplo de matéria-prima para a indústria e na Medicina popular por sua ação antibacteriana, estimulante e antiinflamatória. Este trabalho pode sugerir uma aplicabilidade biotecnológica para o látex de Cryptostegya grandiflora como substância na construção de medicamentos alternativos com propriedades antiinflamatórias e/ou pró-inflamatórias para várias condições fisiológicas e patológicas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar o mecanismo e possíveis mediadores químicos envolvidos na resposta inflamatória induzida pela fração LP do látex de Cryptostegia grandiflora. Os modelos experimentais realizados foram: peritonite, edema de pata, bolsa de ar subcutânea e modelo de feridas cutâneas. Foram utilizados camundongos Swiss (38,0 ± 3,0 g) ou Ratos Wistar (170,0 ± 33,0). Verificou-se que a fração LP do látex induziu migração de neutrófilos para a cavidade peritoneal de forma dose-e tempo-dependente no modelo de peritonite, edema de pata e bolsa de ar subcutânea em ratos. O aumento do número de macrófagos através do pré-tratamento dos animais com tioglicolato potencializou a migração de neutrófilos induzida pela fração LP do látex de C. grandiflora; a depleção de mastócitos através do tratamento com o composto 48/80 não interferiu na migração de neutrófilos induzida pela fração LP do látex. Sendo assim supõe-se o envolvimento de macrófagos e não de mastócitos na resposta inflamatória induzida pela fração LP. A atividade pró-inflamatória no modelo de peritonite foi inibida através do prétratamento dos animais com talidomida, dexametasona, indometacina e celecoxib. A fração LP do látex de Cryptostegia grandiflora aplicada por via endovenosa reduziu a migração de neutrófilos induzida por carragenina em ratos e aumentou a presença de sinais inflamatórios- edema, hiperemia, exsudação e crosta em feridas cutâneas de camundongos e não foi capaz de estimular o processo de reparação dessas lesões cutâneas.

Submitted by Biblioteca da Faculdade de Farmácia (bff@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-03-13T19:17:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ribeiro, Mariana Martinelli Junqueira [Dissertação, 2016].pdf: 3401713 bytes, checksum: 425c75986656ba1a5acea238760fc3ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-13T19:17:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ribeiro, Mariana Martinelli Junqueira [Dissertação, 2016].pdf: 3401713 bytes, checksum: 425c75986656ba1a5acea238760fc3ed (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Clusia grandiflora Splitg. é uma espécie distribuída, principalmente, na floresta Amazônica. Pertence à família Clusiaceae Lindl., que merece destaque pela sua representatividade e potencial biológico. Há poucos trabalhos com C. grandiflora, apresentando, assim, grande relevância seu estudo para sua melhor caracterização morfológica, química e biológica. Partes vegetativas e reprodutivas de C. grandiflora foram coletadas no bairro Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Folhas e ramos foram caracterizados morfologicamente por técnicas tradicionais em anatomia vegetal. A folha apresentou epiderme unisseriada, presença de hipoderme, estômatos restritos à face abaxial e cilindro vascular com feixes acessórios, que também foram identificados no pecíolo. O ramo apresentou tecidos primários ainda instalados, assim como início de crescimento secundário. Os testes histoquímicos localizaram substâncias fenólicas, amido e lipídeos. O material coletado foi processado e, posteriormente, submetido à extração por maceração estática com hexano, seguido de etanol. Os extratos brutos obtidos tiveram seus perfis analisados por CCD, CLAE-DAD e RMN de H1, tendo sido identificados principalmente substâncias fenólicas simples, flavonoides, benzofenonas e terpenos. O perfil dos extratos brutos hexânicos também foram analisados por CG/EM e observaram a presença de hidrocarbonetos alifáticos, triterpenos e esteroides. Os extratos brutos etanólicos foram avaliados quanto a atividade antioxidante e o extrato bruto das raízes adventícias apresentou o melhor CE50 (1,8±0,4 g extrato/g DPPH) com menor concentração de DPPH remanescente nas concentrações de 125 e 250 μg/mL (aproximadamente 5 % em ambas). A análise do doseamento de flavonoides totais nos extratos brutos etanólicos indicou maior presença de flavonas e flavonóis no extrato bruto das flores (1,6 ± 0,0 %). Os extratos brutos foram avaliados quanto a citotoxidade e tiveram resultados promissores para o extrato etanólico dos ramos e folhas. Os extratos também foram avaliados quanto atividade antimicrobiana, sendo os extratos etanólicos dos ramos, folhas e raízes adventícias os mais ativos. Foi feita a atividade acaricida para os extratos brutos hexânicos e o melhor resultado foi para o extrato dos ramos. O extrato bruto etanólico dos ramos foi fracionado por CLV, e submetidos a testes de atividade antimicrobiana, com o melhor resultado para fração em diclorometano. Esta fração foi, então, novamente fracionada por cromatografia em coluna com sílica gel, resultando em frações enriquecidas com 3-oxo-friedelina. Esta foi testada quanto a atividade antimicrobiana e o resultado indicou que esta atividade não está relacionada a 3-oxo-friedelina ou que esta não age sozinha. / Clusia grandiflora is a distribuited species mainly in the Amazon forest. Belongs to the family Clusiaceae Lindl., which worth mentioning for its representativeness and biological potential. There are few studies with C. grandiflora, and thus its study shows relevant for best morphological, chemical and biological description. Vegetative and reproductive parts of C. grandiflora were collected in the Botanical Garden neighborhood, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Leaves and stems were morphologically characterized by traditional techniques in plant anatomy. The leaves presented uniseriate epidermis, presence of hypodermis, stomata restricted to abaxial face and vascular cylinder with accessory bundles, which were also identified in the petiole. The stems presented primary tissues already installed and early secondary growth. The histochemical tests located phenolic substances, starch and lipids. The collected material processed and after subjected to static maceration by extraction with hexane, followed by ethanol. The obtained extracts had their profiles analyzed by TLC, HPLC-DAD and 1H-NMR, being mainly identified simple phenolic substances, flavonoids, benzophenone and terpenes. The profile of the hexane crude extracts were also analyzed by GC/MS and presence of aliphatic hydrocarbons, triterpenes and steroids were observed. The ethanol crude extracts were evaluated for antioxidant activity and the adventitious roots crude extract showed the best EC50 (1,8 ± 0,4 g extract / g DPPH) with lower concentrations of remaining DPPH at concentrations of 125 and 250 mg/mL (approximately 5 % in both). The analysis of total flavonoids content in ethanol crude extracts showed greater presence of flavones and flavonols in the flowers crude extract (1.6 ± 0.0 %). The extracts were evaluated for cytotoxicity and had promising results for the stems and leaves ethanol extract. The extracts were also evaluated for antimicrobial activity and the stems, leaves and adventitious roots ethanol extracts the most active. It was made acaricide activity for hexane extracts and the best result was for the stems extract. The stems crude ethanol extract was fractionated by CLV and subjected to antimicrobial activity test, with the best result for dichloromethane fraction. This fraction was again fractionated by column chromatography with silica gel, resulting in fractions enriched with 3-oxo-friedelin. This was tested for antimicrobial activity and the results indicated that this activity is not related to 3-oxo-friedelin or that it does not act alone.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Soil contamination is an environmental, social and economic problem. In wine areas, prolonged use of phytosanitary products, the copper base, contributed to the accumulation of this element in the soil, when in excess is highly damaging to the development of plants, impacting on their productive potential. In order to minimize the harmful effect of Cu in soils of these areas, this study aimed to evaluate the cultivation and the potential extraction of this element in three floricultural species: calla lily (Zantedeschia spp.), dianthus (Dianthus chinensis L.) and chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzevelev), to play the role phytoremediation in soil, seeking a low environmental impact agriculture. Three separate experiments were carried out from October 2013 to December 2014, in a protected environment in the Floriculture sector in UFSM, Santa Maria, RS. The soil was collected in areas of viticulture. And, the contents of Cu added were in the ground by means of copper sulphate. In Chapter I evaluated the development and the water consumption of calla lily under different irrigation strategies and copper levels in the soil. The trial was in DIC (completely randomized design), with factorial arrangement 4x3 (four copper levels and three irrigation strategies), with five repetitions. It was found that these levels of added Cu in soil does not interfere with the daily water consumption calla lily, obtaining average daily 0.5, 0.8 and 1.2 mm day-1 for the blades 40, 60 and 80% CRA (water retention capacity of the vessel), respectively, and that this species is tolerant crop in this environment. In Chapter II evaluated the development and the water consumption of dianthus and its effect on the culture in ground presenting excess Cu. The test was DIC in factorial 4x3 (four copper levels and three irrigation strategies), with five repetitions. It was found that Cu content added to the soil will not interfere with the daily water consumption dianthus obtaining daily averages 0.42; 0.72 and 0.91 mm day-1 for the blades 40, 60 and 80% CRA, respectively, and the results showed fitorremediativa fitness grapevine species to soils with excess of this metal. Chapter III evaluated the development of chrysanthemum cv. Dark Fiji grown in soil with excess Cu. The test was DIC in factorial 5x2 (five levels of added Cu in soil and two crop cycles), with five repetitions. It was found that the increase of Cu in the soil affect the normal development and growth of the culture, however, it showed tolerance to crop species in soil with excess Cu, accumulating high concentrations of this element in the roots. We conclude so, overall, the three species have tolerance culture in ground presenting excess Cu, highlighting the dianthus as promising phytoremediation soil. / A contaminação do solo é um problema ambiental, social e econômico. Em áreas vitivinícolas, como as da Serra Gaúcha, o uso prolongado de produtos fitossanitários, a base de cobre, contribuiu para o acúmulo deste elemento no solo, quando em excesso é altamente prejudicial ao desenvolvimento das plantas, impactando no seu potencial produtivo. Visando minimizar o efeito nocivo do Cu nos solos destas áreas, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o cultivo e o potencial de extração deste elemento em três espécies florícolas: calla lily (Zantedeschia spp.), cravina de jardim (Dianthus chinensis L.) e crisântemo (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzevelev), para desempenhar o papel fitorremediador no solo, buscando uma agricultura de baixo impacto ambiental. Foram realizados três distintos experimentos, no período de outubro de 2013 a dezembro de 2014, em ambiente protegido no Setor de Floricultura da UFSM, Santa Maria, RS. O solo utilizado foi coletado em áreas de vitivinicultura, na Serra Gaúcha. E, os teores adicionados de Cu no solo foram por meio de sulfato de cobre. No capítulo I avaliou-se o desenvolvimento e o consumo hídrico da calla lily submetida a diferentes estratégias de irrigação e teores de cobre no solo. O ensaio foi em DIC (delineamento inteiramente casualizado), com esquema fatorial 4x3 (quatro teores de cobre e três estratégias de irrigação), com cinco repetições. Verificou-se que estes teores do Cu adicionado no solo não interferiram no consumo hídrico diário da calla lily, obtendo médias diárias de 0,5, 0,8 e 1,2 mm dia-1 para as lâminas de 40, 60 e 80% CRA (capacidade de retenção de água no vaso), respectivamente e, que esta espécie apresenta tolerância de cultivo neste ambiente. No capítulo II avaliou-se o desenvolvimento e o consumo hídrico da cravina de jardim e seus efeitos sobre o cultivo em solo apresentando excesso de Cu. O ensaio foi em DIC, em esquema fatorial 4x3 (quatro teores de cobre e três estratégias de irrigação), com cinco repetições. Verificou-se que os teores do Cu adicionados ao solo não interferiram no consumo hídrico diário da cravina de jardim, obtendo médias diárias de 0,42; 0,72 e 0,91 mm dia-1 para as lâminas de 40, 60 e 80% CRA, respectivamente e, os resultados demonstraram aptidão fitorremediativa da espécie para solos vitivinícolas com excesso deste metal. No capítulo III avaliou-se o desenvolvimento do crisântemo cv. Dark Fiji cultivado em solo com excesso de Cu. O ensaio foi em DIC, em esquema fatorial 5x2 (cinco teores adicionados de Cu no solo e dois ciclos de cultivo), com cinco repetições. Verificou-se que o incremento de Cu no solo afetou o crescimento e desenvolvimento típico da cultura, entretanto, a espécie apresentou tolerância ao cultivo em solo com excesso de Cu, acumulando altas concentrações deste elemento nas raízes. Conclui-se de maneira, geral, que as três espécies apresentam tolerância ao cultivo em solo apresentando excesso de Cu, destacando a cravina de jardim como promissora a fitorremediação do solo.

Submitted by Amauri Alves (amauri.alves@ufv.br) on 2015-11-19T14:24:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 675218 bytes, checksum: e5e9d196d2c02b5668607507bede4d7d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-19T14:24:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 675218 bytes, checksum: e5e9d196d2c02b5668607507bede4d7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O conhecimento do comportamento fisiológico de cada espécie ou variedade permite a correta adoção de técnicas de preservação da qualidade pós-colheita. Diversos fatores influenciam na longevidade de flores de corte. Entre eles, o conteúdo de carboidratos, a atuação de hormônios sinalizadores da senescência e a capacidade de reidratação da flor após a colheita, influenciam significativamente na qualidade do produto. Diante disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar os principais eventos responsáveis pela baixa qualidade ornamental pós-colheita de flores de gladíolo, durante armazenamento e vida de vaso. Hastes e flores de gladíolo foram avaliadas quanto á influência do etileno e do conteúdo de carboidratos na longevidade; ação do ácido abscísico (ABA) e giberélico (GA 3 ) na senescência da flor e a capacidade de reidratação da haste e da flor após armazenamento refrigerado e seco. Flores de gladíolo possuem diferença de longevidade entre as variedades estudadas, independentemente da ação do etileno. Portanto, o etileno não é o principal hormônio responsável pela sinalização de eventos relacionados à senescência nessa espécie. A diferença na longevidade entre as variedades pode ser atribuída aos teores de açúcares solúveis totais de cada variedade. Por outro lado, o ABA está envolvido na indução de eventos relacionados à senescência em flores de gladíolo. Como principal regulador da ação do ABA, o GA 3 regula a ação do ABA na abertura floral e no controle da estabilidade de membrana. O armazenamento refrigerado a 5oC na ausência de água, por até 36 horas, não diminui a longevidade de flores de gladíolo. As flores armazenadas a seco por 24 horas a 5o C recuperam totalmente a hidratação da flor. O armazenamento a seco por 12 horas a 5o C possibilita maior peso de matéria fresca e teor relativo de água durante o armazenamento e vida de vaso. / Knowledge of the physiological behavior of each species or variety allows the correct adoption of the postharvest quality preservation techniques. Several factors influence the longevity of cut flowers. Among them, the carbohydrate content, the role of hormones on senescence and rehydration capacity flower after harvesting, significantly influence the quality of the product. Thus, this study aimed to determine the main events responsible for the low postharvest ornamental quality of gladiolus flowers during storage and vase life. Stems and gladiolus flowers were evaluated as to the influence of ethylene and carbohydrate content on longevity; action of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic (GA 3 ) on flower senescence, and rehydration capacity of the stem and flower after cold and dry storage. Gladiolus flowers have longevity difference between the varieties studied regardless of ethylene action. Therefore, ethylene is not the main hormone responsible for signaling events related to senescence in this species. The difference in longevity between varieties can be attributed to total soluble sugar content of each variety. However, ABA is involved in events related to senescence induction in gladiolus flowers. As the main ABA action regulator, the GA 3 regulates the action of ABA in flower opening and stability membrane control. The cold storage at 5° C and dry, for up to 36 hours, does not decrease the longevity of gladiolus flowers. Additionally, the flower recovers fully hydration after storage at 5 ° C and dried for up to 24 hours, which suggests a high capacity for water absorption of this kind.

Adamcová, M.: Study of biological activity of alkaloids isolated from Argemone grandiflora (Papaveraceae) I. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2015. The aim of this study was isolation of substances from total diethyl ether alkaloid extract of Argemone grandiflora Sweet, their identification and assessment of their inhibition activity towards acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and prolyl oligopeptidase. Using common chromatografic methods, four alkaloids were isolated, that was identified as (+)-laudanosine, protopine, (-)-argemonine a (-)-platycerine. These substances was tested for their inhibition activity IC50: (+)-laudanosine (IC50 AChE = 617,00 ± 46,55 μM, IC50 BuChE = 644,77 ± 55,52 μM, IC50 POP = not mesured yet); protopine (IC50 AChE = 229,98 ± 21,02 μM, IC50 BuChE = 208,87 ± 17,67 μM, IC50 POP ˃ 1000 μM); (-)-argemonine (IC50 AChE = 4677,75 ± 1241,08 μM, IC50 BuChE = 885,45 ± 119,50 μM, IC50 POP = 337 ± 83,1 μM); (-)-platycerine (IC50 AChE = 223,65 ± 19,61 μM, IC50 BuChE = 1651,25 ± 327,7 μM, IC50 POP = 687 ± 74 μM). In comparison with the standards galanthamine (IC50 AChE = 1,710 ± 0,065 μM, IC50 BuChE = 42,30 ± 1,30 μM) and huperzine A (IC50 AChE = 0,033 ± 0,001...

En Loire moyenne, deux espèces de Jussies exotiques invasives colonisent principalement les annexes hydrauliques et les grèves du lit endigué. La biologie de ces deux taxons, leurs impacts sur les communautés végétales et animales ont été étudiés. Les résultats des suivis de terrain et des expérimentations in situ et ex situ démontrent en particulier : (i) des différences entre les deux espèces concernant leurs traits reproductifs et leur développement, (ii) la possibilité d'un cycle de reproduction sexuée complet sous le climat ligérien, (iii) un impact nul sur les communautés végétales d'hydrophytes mais qui semble négatif sur les communautés riveraines, (iv) peu de différences entre la diversité et la structuration des communautés d'invertébrés des herbiers de macrophytes autochtones et exotiques. A partir de ces résultats, nous proposons de mettre en oeuvre un protocole de veille et de gestion, en intégrant la nouvelle donnée de forte probabilité de reproduction sexuée.