Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 327-344). Also available in print.

published_or_final_version / Geography / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Urban sprawl är ett problem i hela världen. Ekonomi, hälsa, miljö och jordbruksmark är några saker som stadsutbredningen har effekter på (Habibi, 2011). I USA började problemen med urban sprawl efter andra världskriget när möjligheter till billiga bolån skapades. Detta gjorde att fler människor hade möjlighet att flytta till enfamiljshus i förorterna och användandet av bil som transportmedel ökade (Duany, 2010). Stadsutbredningen i Sverige startade efter andra världskriget då bilismen ökade även här. Den svenska trafikplaneringen var influerade av den nordamerikanska planeringsmodellen med resultatet att boendetätheten minskade med upp emot en tredjedel (Svenska Naturskyddsföreningen, 2006).     Det finns en hel del metoder för att motarbeta och kontrollera stadsutbredningen. Exempel på metoder är förtätning och sätt att reducera och kontrollera trafik (Habibi, 2011) samt mer djupgående strategier som urban growth boundaries och green belts (Gennaoi et al, 2009).   Eftersom det finns väldigt lite information om urban sprawl i Sverige, så handlar detta arbete om att göra en fallstudie för att undersöka hur åtta svenska kommuner arbetar med att kontrollera och motverka urban sprawl. Dessa kommuner är Stockholm, Göteborg, Malmö, Uppsala, Västerås, Örebro, Linköping och Helsingborg. Kommunernas översiktsplaner har studerats med målet att påvisa fyra metoder för att motverka urban sprawl som identifieras av Habibi (2011).   Sverige är och har varit påverkat av urban sprawl (Svenska Naturskyddsföreningen, 2006). Undersökningen av översiktsplanerna i de svenska kommunerna visar också att alla arbetar mot en hållbar utveckling av sin stad genom förtätning och utbyggnad av kollektivtrafiken. Kommunerna använder sig av generella metoder som förtätning och kontroll av trafik men använder sig inte av några mer specifika och mer djupgående metoder som urban growth boundaries och green belts. Detta kan bero på flera saker, bland annat att de mer djupgående metoderna inte nämns av kommunerna i deras översiktsplaner utan istället kanske finns med i detaljplanerna.

Orientador: Emilia Wanda Rutkowski / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T11:21:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Demantova_GraziellaCristina_D.pdf: 5532970 bytes, checksum: d11eeebee498de4b5e31a5d2874d3c40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: As possibilidades de construção ou melhoria da sustentabilidade urbana, em sua dimensão socioambiental, embasam o presente trabalho. O processo de construção da sustentabilidade urbana é analisado e discutido a partir das redes técnicas ambientais formadas pelos espaços verdes urbanos que ofertam serviços ambientais. Para analisar o potencial de criação e estruturação destas redes foi utilizada a informação produzida pela equipe do projeto temático FAPESP/IAC/UNICAMP/PMC sobre a bacia do ribeirão das Anhumas em Campinas (2002-2006). O conceito de rede técnica ambiental, a apreensão do seu significado e a sua incorporação nas práticas de planejamento territorial carregam o potencial de reverter a lógica de intervenção espacial vigente, com foco apenas na materialidade do espaço e na ecoeficiência da utilização dos recursos naturais, para formar uma lógica indutora das transformações ambientais e sociais desejadas para o ser humano em seu lugar de vida. / Abstract: The possibilities for construction or improvement of the urban sustainability level, in social and environmental dimension, are the base of the present work. The process of urban sustainability is analyzed and discussed based on the environmental technical nets formed by urban green spots that offer environmenal services. To analyze the potential of creation and development of these nets in our local area, was used the information produced on the thematc project FAPESP/IAC/UNICAMP/PMC on the Anhumas river basin in Campinas (2002 - 2006). The environmental technical nets concept, the apprehension of its meaning and its incorporation on planning pratics carry the potencial to change the actual spacial intervention logic, focused only at the space materiality and ecological efficiency of the natural resources usage, to form one logical induction of social and enviromental transformations expected for the human being in his place of life. / Doutorado / Saneamento e Ambiente / Doutor em Engenharia Civil

SUMMARY The assemblages of epigeic beetles were studied in various types of agroecosystems in the submontaneous area of Novohradske hory (South Bohemia, Czech republic). The research took place in years 2009 and 2011. There were sown various types of crops, in the target places, on which were established either biobelts (research 2009) or permanent green belts with trees and shrubs (research 2011) in past. The aim of the study was to assess, whether or how these landscape structures influence epigeic beetles. The datas were gathered by sampling ground beetles with ground traps. The collected material was put then through identification and this was the base for assessing the parameters of landscape structures influence on epigeic beetles. These parameters were: the species diversity, the abundance and the ammount of relict species. It was collected 3099 beetles and it was managed to identify 54 species at all. The interest groups of invertebrates were ground beetles/carabids (Carabidae) and rove beetles (Staphylinidae). The results differed for both groups. The rove beetles were generally more abundant, than ground beetles and most of them were found in crops in the year 2009. The lowest numbers were caught in crops 2011. There was a quite remarkable contrast between these two results. The species diversity of rove beetles was too lower, than the ground beetles? one. The results of biodiversity seemed to be strange so as the abundance was. The diversity was the highest in the crops 2009 and the slowest in the crops 2011. Nearly the same diversity was found in biobelts, which are really different type of habitat. The carabids? abundance was not so oscillating like by the rove beetles. They were the most abundant in biobelts and the less in permanent belts. The abundance in crops in both years was nearly the same. The species diversity was highest in permanent belts and the lowest in crops in the year of 2009. The results about antropic influence on epigeic beetles assemblages, based on ecological characteristics of beetles, were eventually raised. It was established, that all the populations are strongly affected by human. The results say, that habitats like biobelt and permanent belt seem to have a positive impact on epigeic beetles assemblages, namely on relict or rare beetles survival. The results have very disparate and sometimes contradictory nature, thus cannot be sumarized.