No description available.

In terms of sustainability, climate change has defined the last decade, underlining the need for a rigorous assessment of the intersection between economic and social development and environmental sustainability. This project's objectives were to define "green job" and to identify existing baselines and projections on the green economy across a selection of published reports. These findings were then examined further by interviewing representatives from the associated organisations seeking a better understanding of parameters, methodologies and policy stances on the green economy. A mixed methods approach triangulated data to gain a clearer understanding of BC's green economy. Findings confirmed a lack of consensus on definition but shed light on a range of parameters and resulting complexities. Methodologies varied, producing incongruent data that made comparisons challenging but, although the sample was relatively small, organizational mandates did fall in line with their respective estimates of the magnitude of the green economy in BC.

Submitted by Fabio Navarro Manfredini (fabiomanfredini@gmail.com) on 2018-06-07T14:43:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Aplicação da legislação ambiental.pdf: 19924100 bytes, checksum: 3f636e76c6f08e84a14a5da1265da584 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Bacalgini null (bruna@sorocaba.unesp.br) on 2018-06-07T16:46:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 manfredini_fn_dr_soro.pdf: 19908962 bytes, checksum: 2043ea9c2ba639fd198da37efa109e6f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-07T16:46:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 manfredini_fn_dr_soro.pdf: 19908962 bytes, checksum: 2043ea9c2ba639fd198da37efa109e6f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-18 / A tese considerou com hipótese que os Serviços Ambientais (SA) - definidos pela Avaliação Ecossistêmica do Milênio como os benefícios recebidos pela população pela existência de ecossistemas - são aspectos fundamentais para a gestão do uso do solo e deve ser implementada considerando a legislação ambiental, a valoração econômica ambiental e a inteligência territorial. O trabalho teve como desafio dissecar a temática, para responder as seguintes questões: a) A Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica (AAE) é um método que atende aos requisitos necessários para a análise de uma política pública de uso do solo que contemple os SA?; b) Os métodos de valoração econômica ambiental existentes são adequados a valoração de SA? O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi realizar uma Avaliação Ambiental fundamentada na legislação ambiental aplicável aos SA e a valoração econômica ambiental para subsidiar políticas públicas alinhadas às diretrizes da Política Estadual de Mudanças Climáticas. Os objetivos específicos foram: elencar a legislação ambiental aplicável à Avaliação Ambiental aos SA e Valoração Econômica Ambiental; quantificar os SA associados aos usos do solo da APA de Itupararanga; identificar qual método de valoração econômica é mais adequado para a valoração de SA; analisar a gestão do uso do solo por meio da AAE da APA de Itupararanga. Foi realizado um estudo de caso para analisar a gestão do uso do solo que considera o SA como fator preponderante para a sua definição. O trabalho evidenciou que os SA são critérios basilares para a gestão do uso do solo e os programas derivados de uma política pública devem considerar a legislação ambiental, a valoração econômica ambiental e a inteligência territorial. O estudo de caso demonstrou que a AAE é um método que atende aos requisitos necessários para a elaboração de uma política pública de uso do solo que contemple os SA e que o melhor método de valoração econômica ambiental é o método de valoração contingente. A tese também demonstrou que as variáveis que devem compor a legislação aplicável aos SA tendem a possuir uma amplitude maior do que natureza jurídica essencial do Direito Ambiental e, nesse sentido, os instrumentos econômicos como o Pagamento por SA devem fazer parte de um ramo jurídico, ainda embrionário, mas que futuramente será fundamental na implementação de políticas públicas como as propostas no Plano de Manejo da APA de Itupararanga, ou seja, o Direito da Sustentabilidade / The thesis hypothesized that the Environmental Services (ES) are fundamental aspects for the management of land use and should be implemented considering environmental legislation, economic valuation and territorial intelligence. The study had as a challenge to dissect the subject, to answer the following questions: a) The Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a method that meets the necessary requirements for the analysis of a public policy of land use that contemplates ES?; b) Are the existing environmental economic valuation methods adequate to the valuation of ES? The main objective of this work was to carry out an Environmental Assessment based on the environmental legislation applicable to ES and the environmental economic valuation to subsidize public policies in line with the guidelines of the State Policy on Climate Change. The specific objectives were: to enclose the environmental legislation applicable to the Environmental Assessment to ES and Environmental Economic Valuation; to quantify the ES associated to the land uses of the APA of Itupararanga; identify which method of economic valuation is most appropriate for the valuation of ES; analyze the management of land use through the SEA of the APA of Itupararanga. A case study was carried out to analyze the land use management that considers ES as a preponderant factor for its definition. The study evidenced that ES are basic criteria for the management of land use and the programs derived from a public policy must consider environmental legislation, environmental economic valuation and territorial intelligence. The case study has demonstrated that the SEA is a method that meets the requirements necessary for the elaboration of a public policy of land use that contemplates the ES and that the best method of environmental economic valuation is the method of contingent valuation. The thesis also showed that the variables that should be included in the legislation applicable to the ES tend to have a greater breadth than the essential legal nature of Environmental Law and, in this sense, economic instruments such as Payment by ES should be part of a legal branch, still embryonic, but that in the future will be fundamental in the implementation of public policies such as those proposed in the Management Plan of the Itupararanga APA, that is, the Law of Sustainability.

Carbon offsetting has been an institutionalised response to climate change for over a decade. Over this period, climate change has become more severe and calls for climate justice have become increasingly insistent. Yet the normative controversies of carbon offsetting remain unresolved, as debates about the environmental quality, development impacts and ethical implications of carbon offsetting continue. This thesis explores the relationship between morality and carbon offsetting in three domains. First it provides an evaluation of the ethics of offsetting. Second it gives an account of the 'lay normativity' of the market, describing how carbon market actors interpret and act upon issues of moral concern. And third, it explains offsetting's moral economy. First, the thesis examines the moral rationales for and problems of offsetting in order to clarify the bases of criticisms levelled at offsets by researchers concerned about trends in neoliberal environmental governance. In evaluation of the ethics of offsetting, the PhD recognises some limited rationales, but mainly highlights widespread problems including lack of environmental integrity and failure to produce 'sustainable development'. The structure of the market is shown to create opportunities for malpractice and difficulties for reform. Second, building on work in cultural political economy, the research describes carbon offsetting's lay normativity. The account is based on interviews with over sixty carbon offset market actors including project developers, consultants, auditors, regulators, retailers and buyers in the UK, continental Europe, and in India. Findings show that the market is founded on ethical principles: offsetting is nothing without notions of environmental and developmental care. Critiques of, and reforms to, offsetting are also grounded in principled debate. But carbon market actors often use their power to further commercial interests that are not aligned with production of environmental or developmental value. And yet, even as rationales are ignored and problems are amplified, market actors maintain a discursive semblance of moral behaviour through forms of justification, story-telling and identity work. Third, the thesis explains how principles, profit and power combine to affect the governance of offsetting. It shows that the concentration of power among profit-seeking actors drives the production of offsetting's moral problems in the stages of project development, regulation and retail. Commercial interests in the politics of knowledge lead to manipulation of the discursive framings through which people come to understand offsets. Ethical narratives are deployed to sustain the market in states of dysfunction, enabling privileged groups to gain exchange value at the expense of climate protection and sustainable development. Through this explanatory work, the PhD contributes an original application of ideas about moral political economy to the case of climate change and carbon trading, demonstrating that powerful actors can shape culture and alter our perceptions of right and wrong.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender como a revista Página 22 constrói o discurso sobre economia verde antes, durante e depois da Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Desenvolvimento Sustentável (Rio+20) realizada no Rio de Janeiro (RJ) em junho de 2012. A Página 22 é uma publicação mensal segmentada e especializada na abordagem dos temas socioambientais pelo viés econômico. Ela é produzida em São Paulo e distribuída em nove estados brasileiros por meio de uma parceria com o Centro de Estudos em Sustentabilidade da Escola de Administração de Empresas da Fundação Getulio Vargas (GVces). O corpus foi composto por 371 sequências discursivas recortadas de 136 textos (editoriais, notas, seções temáticas, reportagens e entrevistas) publicados entre junho de 2009 e dezembro de 2014. São utilizadas noções-conceito da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, da Teoria do Jornalismo e da Economia do Meio Ambiente. Os gestos de leitura permitiram a identificação de uma formação discursiva, a do jornalismo ambiental reformista, com quatro posições-sujeito – engajado, crítico, cético e conservador - na construção do discurso da economia verde como uma reforma possível, necessária e inevitável do capitalismo. Após a identificação das diferentes posições assumidas pelo sujeito dentro da formação discursiva foram mapeadas redes parafrásticas. A partir dos resultados encontrados na análise discursiva são discutidos os limites e possibilidades do jornalismo ambiental, especialização entendida como uma prática profissional engajada que informa para transformar. / The objective of this research is to understand how the Página 22 magazine builds the discourse on green economy before, during and after the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio + 20) held in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) in June 2012. Página 22 is a monthly publication targeted and specialized in addressing the social and environmental issues for the economic bias. It is produced in São Paulo and distributed in nine Brazilian states from a partnership with the Center for Sustainability of the School of Business Administration of the Getulio Vargas Foundation (GVces). The corpus consisted of 371 discursive sequences cut from 136 texts (editorial, notes, thematic sections, reports and interviews) published between June 2009 and December 2014. This research uses concept-notions from French Discourse Analysis, Theory of Journalism and Economics of the Environment. The reading gestures allowed the identification of a discursive formation, the environmental journalism reformist, with four subject- positions - engaged, critical, skeptical and conservative - in the construction of the discourse of green economy as a possible, necessary and inevitable reform of capitalism. After the identification of the different positions taken by the subject within the discursive formation were mapped paraphrase networks. From the results found in the discursive analysis, this research discusses the limits and possibilities of environmental journalism, specialization understood as a committed professional practice that informs to improve the world.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender como a revista Página 22 constrói o discurso sobre economia verde antes, durante e depois da Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Desenvolvimento Sustentável (Rio+20) realizada no Rio de Janeiro (RJ) em junho de 2012. A Página 22 é uma publicação mensal segmentada e especializada na abordagem dos temas socioambientais pelo viés econômico. Ela é produzida em São Paulo e distribuída em nove estados brasileiros por meio de uma parceria com o Centro de Estudos em Sustentabilidade da Escola de Administração de Empresas da Fundação Getulio Vargas (GVces). O corpus foi composto por 371 sequências discursivas recortadas de 136 textos (editoriais, notas, seções temáticas, reportagens e entrevistas) publicados entre junho de 2009 e dezembro de 2014. São utilizadas noções-conceito da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, da Teoria do Jornalismo e da Economia do Meio Ambiente. Os gestos de leitura permitiram a identificação de uma formação discursiva, a do jornalismo ambiental reformista, com quatro posições-sujeito – engajado, crítico, cético e conservador - na construção do discurso da economia verde como uma reforma possível, necessária e inevitável do capitalismo. Após a identificação das diferentes posições assumidas pelo sujeito dentro da formação discursiva foram mapeadas redes parafrásticas. A partir dos resultados encontrados na análise discursiva são discutidos os limites e possibilidades do jornalismo ambiental, especialização entendida como uma prática profissional engajada que informa para transformar. / The objective of this research is to understand how the Página 22 magazine builds the discourse on green economy before, during and after the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio + 20) held in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) in June 2012. Página 22 is a monthly publication targeted and specialized in addressing the social and environmental issues for the economic bias. It is produced in São Paulo and distributed in nine Brazilian states from a partnership with the Center for Sustainability of the School of Business Administration of the Getulio Vargas Foundation (GVces). The corpus consisted of 371 discursive sequences cut from 136 texts (editorial, notes, thematic sections, reports and interviews) published between June 2009 and December 2014. This research uses concept-notions from French Discourse Analysis, Theory of Journalism and Economics of the Environment. The reading gestures allowed the identification of a discursive formation, the environmental journalism reformist, with four subject- positions - engaged, critical, skeptical and conservative - in the construction of the discourse of green economy as a possible, necessary and inevitable reform of capitalism. After the identification of the different positions taken by the subject within the discursive formation were mapped paraphrase networks. From the results found in the discursive analysis, this research discusses the limits and possibilities of environmental journalism, specialization understood as a committed professional practice that informs to improve the world.

The environmental instruments to environmental measuring will be analyzed and questioned. An absence of biological instruments will be indicated and the controversial discussion between the economy and biology is also approached. The economy as dominant science has developed instruments that will be accepted as universal languages. On the other hand the biological factors and the environmental services will be transformed in money, which may be a danger for the environmental preservation. The second part of the article is focused on the instruments developed for measuring the worth of forest. / Se presentan y discuten los instrumentos ambientales que nos permiten llevar a cifras y valorizarlos servicios ecosistémicos. En tal sentido se plantea la falta de instrumentos desarrollados desde las ciencias naturales. Se llama la atención en este vacío y cuestiona la validez de los instrumentos meramente económicos. En la segunda parte el artículo se centra en los instrumentos desarrollados para la medición del valor de los bosques.

Market based instruments have become a common feature in country policies aimed at transitioning to low carbon economies. BRICS countries are responsible for approximately two-thirds of the global average of carbon emissions. These countries are under continuing international pressure to demonstrate leadership in their carbon emission reduction efforts.This research explored the implementation of market based instruments in Brazil, China, India and South Africa as they transition to low carbon economies and determined the elements and driving forces informing the selection of market based instruments. The research sought to achieve three objectives, the first objective was to establish whether market based instruments were regarded as a policy option for low carbon transition initiatives by these four countries. The second objective was to determine the drivers and sectors informing a selection of market based instruments. The third objective was to extract lessons from these countries for South African to consider in its low carbon transition.The research outcomes included a model of the interrelationship between driving forces for decisions to adopt market based instruments, targeted sectors that would be subjected to such mechanisms and the eventual combination of instruments that gets implemented. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / MBA / Unrestricted

Globally and in most emerging economies such as South Africa, there is an urgent need to attain sustainable development goals as well as honor climate change mitigation commitments. In order to achieve this and to participate in a global transition to clean, low-carbon energy systems, it is imperative for South Africa to focus on its energy transition strategy. In South Africa, the current energy system is mainly reliant on fossil fuel, nuclear and gas energy sources. The high reliance on fossil fuels combined with an old fleet of power plants have intensified the challenges of unsustainability, poor security of supply, as well as unreliability demonstrated in frequent disruptions in the electricity supply. The South African energy supply system is in great need for transformation through the strengthening of cleaner and sustainable energy technologies. This thesis used the international energy supply mix comparison, energy supply mix drivers causality analysis, as well as the energy supply mix system modelling to investigate and propose an optimal energy supply mix which is aligned to the current South African national policy frameworks as well as the strategic targets and plans which enable a sustainable and secure energy transition. The overarching aim of this study was to investigate the role of renewable energy in the South African energy supply mix and economy. To do so, the specific research questions of the study were: 1) How is South Africa’s planned energy supply mix relative to the rest of the world and how has it changed in recent years? ; 2) What is the relationship between renewable energy and economic growth in South Africa?; 3) What is the optimal energy supply mix that is used in South Africa in order to assist with the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies? These questions were addressed through three research papers around which the thesis is structured. The study’s findings advance the EnergyPlan system modelling tool and methodology and its introduction in the South African context. In terms of its energy supply mix (specifically electricity supply mix), South Africa is still heavily dependent on fossil fuels and there is a need for diversification towards a cleaner and sustainable energy supply mix. As a result, it is evident that nonrenewable energy has the most impact on economic growth. There is also a need to increase R&D expenditure and energy technology development. The key contribution of this thesis is the introduction to the South African context an energy supply mix methodology and tool that can be used to accurately determine the maximum contribution of renewable energy into the South African energy supply mix at the least cost and minimum emissions enabling the transition from a fossil fuel dominated mix to one that has more renewable energy. Also providing an evaluation of the role of renewable energies in the future optimal energy supply mix of the country and empirically evaluating and discussing the current Intergrated Resource Plan (IRP) as part of the process. In this regard, identifying the gaps in the current energy mix against likely scenarios based on the current economic climate. As well as better informing the policy makers and key stakeholders in the electricity industry on the role and effect of preferring a renewable -based energy supply mix. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Eskom; University of Pretoria / Economics / PhD / Unrestricted

Despite the high rate of deforestation and directed critique toward its industrial practices, the Swedish forest industry is declaring itself to be an accelerator of a green transition in the race toward carbon-zero. Seemingly, there is a discrepancy between the general perception of forest management and the actor's presentation. Within our research, we question how sustainability in the industry is reasoned and enacted. Bioeconomy has been identified as an increasingly popular concept within the forestry scene that intends to enable a low-carbon society. Two Swedish cluster organizations working within this context became insightful cases. By applying an inductive and qualitative approach we interviewed 13 experts. Through their accounts, we uncovered the prevailing motives for their sustainability work. Drawing upon previous scholarly contributions in the discourse around a green economy, we learned that the dichotomy of industrialism and sustainability is abandoned in the forest industry's perception. The applied practices are deeply rooted in green growth and weak sustainability rationales. Thereby, the industry is contributing to the economization of forests. The alignment of sustainability and growth endeavors results in the paradoxical justification that only harvesting can lead to a low-carbon and fossil-free economy. We encourage future research to continue raising awareness about the problematic dynamics arising from weak sustainability approaches and work together with the industry toward more transformative trajectories.