Thesis advisor: Michael Cermak / Electronic waste (e-waste) is being generated faster than ever, threatening the health of people at home and abroad. This paper advocates for improvements in e-waste management that increase environmental protection in innovative ways that also benefit workers. It reviews what is being done around the world in response to the problem and then introduces suggestions on how public and private actors can cooperate to achieve better results, particularly within the United States. The paper begins by examining the successes and failures of extended producer responsibility (EPR) regulations in Europe, the United States, China, and Japan. It then goes on to advocate for a system combining EPR with a refundable deposit to encourage consumer-driven increases in return rates. If people could receive five to ten dollars for recycling their old cell phone or laptop, far fewer would end up in landfills. The paper culminates with an examination of how the idea of “green-collar jobs” can apply to ewaste management. It examines non-college training programs to prepare people to work in this industry and bring them out of poverty. Several reports have discussed the e-waste issue and its policy implications but this will be the first that brings in the labor aspect. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2009. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: College Honors Program. / Discipline: International Studies Honors Program. / Discipline: International Studies.

This paper aims to examine the prospects for success for sustainable economic development planning on the local level. The first section provides background on this question, examines how best to define the Green Economy, and discusses the four most important factors influencing its future growth. This includes the current economic landscape and the hopes that have been pinned on sustainable development. The paper then examines the classification issues that have helped shape the nature of the discussion of this subject, and explores the most prominent methods and partnerships currently being designed and utilized in an attempt to stimulate local sustainable development and job growth. Also discussed is the effect that the current political climate is having on government investment in renewable energy and conservation at the federal and state level. The paper then designates the cities of Oakland, Toledo, and Austin as case studies as a way to illustrate how these efforts are playing out in the current landscape. Each city has been chosen because it is a leader in an influential sustainable economic development strategy that is being pursued by other cities around the country. Given the four factors influencing growth in the Green Economy, the paper evaluates the strengths and weaknesses demonstrated by each approach. Finally, the paper identifies the most important lessons that can be applied to the biggest challenges of local sustainable economic development strategies. / text

In terms of sustainability, climate change has defined the last decade, underlining the need for a rigorous assessment of the intersection between economic and social development and environmental sustainability. This project's objectives were to define "green job" and to identify existing baselines and projections on the green economy across a selection of published reports. These findings were then examined further by interviewing representatives from the associated organisations seeking a better understanding of parameters, methodologies and policy stances on the green economy. A mixed methods approach triangulated data to gain a clearer understanding of BC's green economy. Findings confirmed a lack of consensus on definition but shed light on a range of parameters and resulting complexities. Methodologies varied, producing incongruent data that made comparisons challenging but, although the sample was relatively small, organizational mandates did fall in line with their respective estimates of the magnitude of the green economy in BC.

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Ce travail a pour objectif d'analyser la réalisation du discours de la participation sociale et de la gouvernance démocratique dans les politiques publiques de développement durable régional, instrumentées par le Gouvernement Fédéral dans le Nord-Est du pays. On cherche, aussi, de vérifier dans quelle mesure ce format d’intervention publique a favorisé la création des "emplois verts" , c’est a dire, des postes de travail liés a des activités durables, qui garantisse l’efficience économique, la justice sociale et la prudence écologique. Pour la réalisation de l’étude sur la participation socialé, on a effectué des entretiens et on a appliqqué des questionnaires avec un échantillon des participants du "Fórum de Desenvolvimento Mesorregional", crée dans le cadre du PROMESO de la Chapada do Araripe. Pour atteindre notre deuxième objectif, on a utilisé les données fournies par la RAIS-MTE, en vérifiant dans quelle mesure les postes de travail crées dans la méso-region Chapada do Araripe, entre 1997 et 2007, on viabilise la génération d’emplois dans le secteur environnemental, en favorisant, de cette façon, la création d’une nouvelle étape dans la recherche d’une proposition de développement durable pour le Nord-Est brésilien. L’étude indique que le changement de strategie de l’intervention de l’Etat dans le Nord-Est brésilien n’est pas toujours accompagné d’une altération significative dans la forme d’actuation des institutions, concernant la gestion des politiques publiques et la création des emplois verts. On conclut que, malgré l’existence d’un certain capital social dans la région, la société locale n’a pas été pleinement mobilisée autour des articulations pour la construction d’une nouvelle proposition d’articulation participative dans ces territoires. Et que, malgré la croissance du nombre des emplois créés dans la Méso-Araripe dans la période de temps étudiée, on ne constate pas encore, dans le Brésil et dans le Nord-Est la tendance a utiliser le secteur environnementale dans la formulation des politiques publiques visées as questions sociales et environnementales de façon conjointe, tel que la création d’emplois verts. / The objective of this work is to analyze the making of the discourse of social participation and of democratic governance in the sphere of public policies aimed at promoting regional development, implemented by the Federal Government of North-East Brazil. We seek, too, to verify in which measure this tool of public intervention has facilitated the creation of the socalled “green jobs”, that is, those jobs related to sustainable activities ensuring economic efficiency, social justice, and ecological prudence. This study about social participation was made through interviews and surveys in a sample of participants from the “Fórum de Desenvolvimento Mesorregional", created in the context of the PROMESO in the Chapada do Araripe. In order to attain our second objective, this study used data provided by RAIS-MTE, verifying to which extent the employments created in the mezzo-region Chapada do Araripe, between 1997 and 2007, have facilitated the creation of new employments in the environmental sector, thus facilitating the birth of a new stage in the generation of a sustainable development in the Brazilian North-East. Our research shows that the change in the strategy of public intervention in the Brazilian North-East is not always accompanied by significant changes in the way that institutions act in the public policies sphere and the creation of green jobs. We conclude that, in spite of the existence of social capital in the region, the local society has not been completely mobilized in favor of the articulation of new way of public policies management in the region. And, in spite of the growing number of new jobs created during the period of our study, there is still no significant trend of using the environmental sector in the formulation of public policies for the combination of social and environmental strategies in the creation of green jobs.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudemir Ramos da Silva Sugahara.pdf: 873046 bytes, checksum: cbeebd8e5e0fa752fb3ec98f9a87569f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-15 / This research discusses the relationship between development and environ-ment, aiming to define and quantify the Green Jobs in Brazil. In order to achieve this goal, concepts of development and sustainable development were approached and politics for implementation of strategies for environmentally sustainable growth were presented. It was also observed that, tied to the notion of "development", the notion of "sustainability" redefines the former one, even implying a change in the pre-analytic vision of the economy. In fact, the green economy needs the scale of the traditional economy resizing it as a subsystem of a larger system, namely the envi-ronment, which leads to the discussion of a sustainable economy. All these argu-ments are based on analysis of the results of Agenda 21, a document that would have officially started the discussion of economic sustainability as a practice of gov-ernment policies in Brazil. According to ILO (International Labor Organization), the term ''green jobs'' refers to occupations that both promote economic progress and contribute to the restoration of environmental quality. This term comprises occupa-tions that help protect the flora and fauna, and also reduce the consumption of ener-gy, natural resources and water, minimizing the impacts that nature has suffered over the centuries by the process of transformation of factors of production into goods and services . The classification of green jobs also requires decent work, which is sup-ported by worker‟s achievements in the social protection of labor and wages as well as in safe working conditions and labor rights. To introduce and to subsume Green Jobs in Brazil, the best data about jobs are provided by RAIS. Finally, we discussed ways to green jobs in the world and Brazil departing from the alternatives of energy supply and investments in alternative energy in the world and in Brazil, forestry activi-ties and going through buildings, transportation, basic industries, food and agricul-ture. The final remarks attempts to point out ways that would minimize the conflicts that distinguish and limit the classifications surrounding the green jobs, making them impenetrable islands in the Brazilian economic scenario / Esta pesquisa discute a relação entre desenvolvimento e meio ambiente, com o intuito de definir e quantificar os Empregos Verdes no Brasil. A fim de se alcançar esse objetivo, levantaram-se os conceitos de desenvolvimento e de desenvolvi-mento sustentável; são também apresentadas algumas políticas de implantação de estratégias de crescimento ambiental sustentável. Observa-se também que, ligada à noção de desenvolvimento , a noção de sustentabilidade rede-fine a primeira, e, até mesmo, implica uma mudança na visão pré-analítica da economia. De fato, a economia ecológica precisa da escala da economia tradicional redimensionando-a como subsistema de um sistema maior, justamente o do meio ambiente, o que leva à discussão de uma economia sustentável. Todos esses argumentos são fundados na análise dos resultados da Agenda 21 brasileira, documento que oficialmente teria iniciado a discussão da sustentabilidade econômica como prática de políticas governamentais no Brasil. Segundo a OIT, o termo ''Empregos Verdes'' se refere às profissões que, ao mesmo tempo em que promovem o progresso econômico, contribuem com a restauração da qualidade do meio ambiente. Abrange as ocupações que ajudam a proteger a flora, a fauna e reduzem o consumo de energia, de recursos naturais e de água, minimizando os impactos que a natureza vem sofrendo ao longo dos séculos pelo processo de trans-formação dos fatores de produção em bens e serviços. A classificação de emprego verde pressupõe ainda o trabalho decente, amparado nas conquistas pela proteção social do trabalho, com salários adequados, condições seguras de trabalho e direitos trabalhistas. Para apresentar e classificar os Empregos Verdes no Brasil, a RAIS é que melhor fornece dados sobre os empregos no país. Finalmente, são abordadas as formas de Empregos Verdes no mundo e no Brasil, tratando desde as alternativas de oferta de energia e os investimentos em energia alternativa no mundo e no Brasil, às atividades silvícolas, passando pelas edificações, transporte, indústrias de base e alimentos e agricultura. Nas considerações finais, tenta-se apontar caminhos que diminuam os embates que distinguem e limitam as classificações que cercam os Empregos Verdes, tornando-os ilhas intransponíveis no panorama econômico brasileiro

This dissertation is about economic resilience of local governments to natural disasters. Specifically, the dissertation investigates resilience on regional level. Moreover, the dissertation also investigates growth in the green job sector in local governments. The findings indicate that local governments working with each other helps green job creation. In addition, the dissertation finds that green jobs, following disasters, experience three percent growth. This dissertation is important because it investigates the relationship between climate- related disasters and green jobs, which is an area that is under-investigated.

This dissertation focuses on public diplomacy efforts targeted at persuading other countries to strengthen their domestic and international climate change policies. While previous research on climate diplomacy has addressed the global negotiations extensively, the role of embassies and the interplay between diplomats, their partners and the instruments and storylines they employ, has so far not received the scholarly attention it deserves. This is despite the fact that such behind-the-scenes outreach is one of the most promising tools available to engage other states. The dissertation aims to fill this literature gap by examining climate public diplomacy conducted by embassies and consulates of four EU states: the UK, Germany, Sweden and Denmark. The European Union, and these states in particular, were chosen because they have sought to portray themselves as leaders in tackling climate change while undertaking extensive climate diplomacy. The United States and China were chosen as target states since they have been the main focus of EU climate diplomacy, due to their position as the two largest aggregate contributors to climate change. The dissertation addresses public diplomacy in the field of climate change applied to both the federal/national and subnational levels of governance of these states. The main research question tackled by this dissertation is: What role do embassies and consulates play in climate diplomacy, and how effective is this diplomacy? In answering this, the research focuses on identifying environmental discourses and framings of climate change employed by embassies/consulates for different audiences, and assesses the impact of these frames. A central finding was a strong trade and growth orientation of climate diplomacy. The diplomatic network identified industry, especially fossil-fuel intensive businesses, as allies. Some companies that were embassy partners supported climate denial behind the scenes.

This thesis looks at how Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) be carried out to help society move towards sustainability. It starts by introducing the reader into the essential concepts about Strategic Sustainable Development (SSD), Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), TVET, and the barriers to integrating ESD into TVET. It also provides information about the case study conducted in a TVET organization in Ireland which is integrating ESD into TVET. The thesis presents the key aspects that TVET organization need to have in order to successfully support SSD and it also provides a definition of success which is developing a workforce skilled for sustainability where sustainability is defined by the four sustainability principles. After presenting the key aspects, it looks at the strengths and weaknesses, in the lens of the key aspects, of the case study and three other TVET organizations. It later provides with recommendations based on the challenges found integrating ESD into TVET and the presented key aspects in order for TVET organizations to reach the vision of success. / <p>Telma Gomes - phone: 0736280415 - tegomes@uol.com.br Victor Samuel Brizuela - samworks@gmail.com Chen Chen Gu -guchenchen880309@163.com,</p>