COSTA, K. A. Uma Abordagem metodológica para suporte da gestão dos resíduos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos urbanos: aplicação ao caso do município de Fortaleza. 2016. 121 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Logística e Pesquisa Operacional) - Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016. / Submitted by Thiago Calvet (thiago@ufc.br) on 2016-10-10T16:15:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_kacosta.pdf: 7811978 bytes, checksum: c905915b763f1f68c3762fe7f0dd655d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br) on 2016-10-18T10:38:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_kacosta.pdf: 7811978 bytes, checksum: c905915b763f1f68c3762fe7f0dd655d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T10:38:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_kacosta.pdf: 7811978 bytes, checksum: c905915b763f1f68c3762fe7f0dd655d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 / Despite the enactment of Law 12,305, in August 2010, establishing the National Solid Waste (PNRS) policy, there are many Brazilian cities that still have their waste disposal without any control, causing serious environmental and public health consequences. In this context, the electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) waste are necessarily defined as the Reverse Logistics objects, according to PNRS. These wastes are composed of toxic substances that pose a threat to the environment and to people handling them. It is observed also that international exchanges occur with such wastes without support of effective legislation. Furthermore, recycling of WEEE has economic advantages, since many of these wastes are made of valuable components. The present study proposes a management model for the subsector of urban eletrical/electronic equipment waste using the concepts of Systemic Analysis, Matriz GUT and Benchmarking in Reverse Logistics, utilizing as the case study the city of Fortaleza, in the Northeastern Brazil. It emphasises the shared responsibility of the actors involved. The work tries to contribute to a better comprehension of a quite economic, social and global significant area, since this field impacts the economy as well as nature, adding value and respecting the living creatures. / Apesar da promulgação da Lei 12.305, em agosto de 2010, instituindo a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), são muitos os municípios brasileiros que ainda hoje dispõem seus resíduos sem nenhum controle, gerando graves consequências ambientais e de saúde pública. É nesse contexto que se encontram os resíduos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos (REEE) que, segundo a PNRS, são definidos obrigatoriamente como objetos da Logística Reversa. Esses resíduos são compostos por substâncias tóxicas que constituem uma ameaça ao meio ambiente e às pessoas que os manipulam. Observa-se, ainda, que ocorrem trocas internacionais com esses resíduos sem nenhum amparo de uma legislação eficaz. Além disso, a reciclagem dos REEE possui vantagens econômicas, visto que em muitos desses resíduos encontram-se componentes valiosos. Dessa forma, o referido estudo apresenta uma proposta de modelagem de gestão para o subsetor de resíduos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos urbanos utilizando os conceitos da Análise Sistêmica, Matriz GUT e um Benchmarking da Logística Reversa, tendo como caso de estudo o Município de Fortaleza, com ênfase na responsabilidade compartilhada dos atores envolvidos. O trabalho se soma aos poucos já desenvolvidos no país sobre a temática abordada e pretende contribuir a este campo, por sua grande importância econômica, social e local, uma vez que tanto beneficia a economia, pelo seu valor econômico, assim como a natureza, valorizando e respeitando, sobretudo, o ser vivo.

Submitted by Cláudio Donizéti da Silva Júnior null (claudiosilvajr@bol.com.br) on 2016-04-27T13:32:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Claudio Donizete da Silva Junior.pdf: 1169662 bytes, checksum: 917622edaade5cf1ff01513118c788c1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-28T19:54:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silvajunior_cd_me_dra.pdf: 1169662 bytes, checksum: 917622edaade5cf1ff01513118c788c1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:54:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silvajunior_cd_me_dra.pdf: 1169662 bytes, checksum: 917622edaade5cf1ff01513118c788c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o aditivo alternativo, composto por ácido benzoico e óleos essenciais de eugenol, timol e piperina, associado ou não a antibiótico melhorador de desempenho na alimentação de leitões recém-desmamados. Foram utilizados 108 leitões, de linhagem genética comercial, em três fases: I - dos 21 aos 35 dias; II - dos 36 aos 50 dias; e III - dos 51 aos 63 dias de idade. As dietas foram isonutritivas, diferindo quanto à adição dos aditivos, da seguinte maneira: dieta sem qualquer aditivo melhorador de desempenho, dieta com adição de 40 ppm do antibiótico colistina, dieta com inclusão de 0,3% do aditivo alternativo, dieta com adições de 0,3 % do aditivo alternativo e de 40 ppm de colistina. Foram avaliados: o desempenho zootécnico, digestibilidades de nutrientes das dietas; incidência de diarreia; tempo de trânsito da digesta, morfologia intestinal, pesos relativos de órgãos do sistema digestório; composição da microbiota do conteúdo do ceco; e índices econômicos. Os animais foram distribuídos em blocos casualizados, de acordo com seus pesos ao início do experimento, com quatro tratamentos e nove repetições, sendo a unidade experimental a baia, composta por três animais na fase I e dois nas fases II e III. Como os animais não foram redistribuídos nos blocos ao final de cada fase, as análises estatísticas foram efetuadas de forma cumulativa, ou seja, do início do experimento ao final das fases I, II e III, em um esquema fatorial 2×2. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, utilizando-se o procedimento GLM (General Linear Models) do programa estatístico SAS (SAS 9.1, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Constatou-se que o emprego do aditivo alternativo, associado ou não ao antibiótico, foi efetivo em melhorar (P<0,05) o ganho de peso dos leitões somente no período I, e que o antibiótico usado de forma isolada não trouxe resultados positivos sobre o desempenho dos animais. Verificou-se que o aditivo alternativo e o antibiótico, associados ou não, melhoraram (P<0,05) a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e da energia nas fases I e II, em relação ao constatado com os animais submetidos a dieta controle. Os animais alimentados com ambos aditivos apresentaram incidência de diarreia numericamente menor, assim como menores (P<0,05) contagens de células caliciformes e menores (P<0,05) pesos relativos do intestino delgado e do ceco dos leitões que consumiram o aditivo alternativo em relação àqueles que não o ingeriram, no período I, sendo indicativos de que houve controle de microrganismos patogênicos e melhor saúde intestinal nestes animais no período I. O emprego dos aditivos no período I influenciou (P<0,05) as frequências dos filos bacterianos Firmicutes, Bacteriodetes, Actinobcateria e Spirochaetes. No mesmo período, o uso do aditivo alternativo promoveu redução de 46,6%, numericamente, na porcentagem de Escherichia no ceco dos animais. No período III houve efeitos dos aditivos sobre o filo Bacteriodetes e sobre os gêneros Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Streptococcus e Clostridium. O uso do aditivo alternativo apresentou resultados positivos no período imediatamente após o desmame. / The objective of this research was evaluate alternative feed additive, composed by benzoic acid and the essential oils of eugenol, thymus and piperine, associated or not with performance enhancer antibiotic, in newly weaned piglets feeding. One hundred and eight piglets, from a commercial lineage, were used in three phases: I – from 21 to 35 days; II from 36 to 50 days; and III – from 51 to 63 days. The diets were composed mainly by corn, soybean meal, spray dried blood plasma and dairy products, presenting the same levels of metabolizable energy, digestible amino acids, calcium and digestible phosphorous, differing over feed additive addition, as follows: diet without performance enhancer feed additive: diet with 40 ppm of colistin; diet with 0.3% alternative feed additive; diet with 40 ppm colistin and 0.3% alternative feed additive. The parameters evaluated were: growth performance; nutrient diets digestibility; diarrhea incidence; digesta transit time; intestinal morphology, weights of digestive organs (absolute and relative to body weight); microbial cecum content compositon; economical indices. The animals were distributed in blocks, according with their initial body weight, assigned to four treatments, with nine repetitions, and the experimental unit was the pen, with three animals in phase I e two, in phases II and III. As the animals were redistributed in blocks at the end of each phase, the statistical analysis were performed in a cumulative way, that is, from the beginning of the trial to the end of Phases I, II and III, which were named periods, in a factorial 2 x 2 arrangement. Data was submitted to anova, using the GLM procedure of SAS (SAS 9.1, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). It was found that the alternative feed additive use, associated or not with the antibiotic, was effective in improve (P<0.05) piglets weight gain only in period I, and that the isolated antibiotic usage did not promote positive results in animals performance. The alternative feed additive, associated or not with the antibiotic, improved (P<0,05) nutrient and energy diets digestibilities in phases I and II, as compared with to what was found with the animals submitted to the control diet. It was observed that the animals fed diet containing both feed additives presented numerically lower diarrhea incidence, lower (P<0.05) globets cells counting and lower (P<0.05) small intestine and cecum relative weights than the piglets fed the control diet, in period I, what indicates that the feed additives exerted certain control over pathogenic microorganisms and improved gut health in period I. The use of feed additives in period I influenced (P <0.05) the frequency of bacterial phyla Firmicutes, Bacteriodetes, Actinobcateria and Spirochaetes. At the same period, the alternative feed additive promoted 46.6% reduction, numerically, on Escherichia percentage in animals cecum content. In period III there were effects of additives on the Bacteriodetes phyla and on Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Streptococcus and Clostridium genus. The alternative additive use presented positive results soon after weaning.

abstract: College weight gain and obesity are significant problems impacting our society, leading to a considerable number of comorbidities during and after college. Gut microbiota are increasingly recognized for their role in obesity and weight gain. Currently, research exploring the gut microbiome and its associations with dietary intake and body mass index (BMI) is limited among this population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess associations between the gut microbiome, BMI, and dietary intake in a population of healthy college students living in two dorms at Arizona State University (n=90). Cross-sectional analyses were undertaken including 24-hour dietary recalls and anthropometrics (height, weight and BMI). High throughput Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples was performed to quantify the gut microbiome and analyses were performed at phyla and family levels. Within this population, the mean BMI was 24.4 ± 5.3 kg/m2 and mean caloric intake was 1684 ± 947 kcals/day. Bacterial community analysis revealed that there were four predominant phyla and 12 predominant families accounting for 99.3% and 97.1% of overall microbial communities, respectively. Results of this study suggested that a significant association occurred between one principal component (impacted most by 22 microbial genera primarily within Firmicutes) and BMI (R2=0.053, p=0.0301). No significant correlations or group differences were observed when assessing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in relation to BMI or habitual dietary intake. These results provide a basis for gut microbiome research in college populations. Although, findings suggest that groups of microbial genera may be most influential in obesity, further longitudinal research is necessary to more accurately describe these associations over me. Findings from future research may be used to develop interventions to shift the gut microbiome to help moderate or prevent excess weight gain during this important life stage. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Nutrition 2016

Orientador: Mario Jose Abdalla Saad / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T21:44:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zambon_RenataAlvaresBagarolli_D.pdf: 7972972 bytes, checksum: 0c4feccde8df219c21aef1c3e8740fc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A obesidade é caracterizada por processo inflamatório crônico e resistência à insulina (RI), os quais são responsáveis por grande parte de suas doenças associadas. Sabe-se que diversas moléculas do sistema imune inato estão associadas à RI e obesidade, destacando-se o receptor toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4). Sua via de sinalização está ativada na obesidade, devido à presença aumentada na circulação de seu principal ligante, lipopolissacarídeo (LPS). Acredita-se que esta endotoxemia metabólica seja causada por alterações na microbiota e na permeabilidade intestinais, o que torna o intestino e as bactérias que o habitam, grandes alvos para o tratamento da obesidade. O objetivo deste presente trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos dos probióticos (PB) na sensibilidade à insulina e na sinalização de TLR4 em tecidos insulino-sensíveis, além de verificar suas possíveis ações na microbiota intestinal. Dessa forma, camundongos Swiss foram divididos em 4 grupos: controles (C), controles tratados com PB (C+PB), obesos (DIO) e obesos tratados com PB (DIO+PB). O tratamento teve a duração de 5 semanas. O uso de PB em animais obesos proporcionou grandes melhoras nos parâmetros fisiológicos e moleculares de RI, além de atenuar a ativação da via de sinalização do TLR4, provavelmente pela redução dos níveis circulantes de LPS. O grupo DIO+PB ainda mostrou mudanças positivas na distribuição dos filos de bactérias intestinais e menor permeabilidade intestinal, quando comparado com o grupo DIO. Analisando o hipotálamo, observou-se que o uso de PB nesse modelo de obesidade regulou de forma favorável os mecanismos centrais de controle da fome, bem como alguns parâmetros de inflamação. Assim, conclui-se que a regulação da microbiota intestinal promovida pela administração de probióticos pode trazer benefícios no controle da obesidade, por reduzir ou atenuar mecanismos moleculares de resistência à insulina / Abstract: Obesity is the main risk factor to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The common basis among these events is an inflammatory process characterized by the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by its main ligand lipopolysaccharide, LPS. Its concentration is higher in obese people and it is believed that changes in composition of the gut microbiota and epithelial functions may play a role in the inflammation associated with obesity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of probiotic on the insulin sensitivity, TLR4 signaling, intestinal permeability and microbiota composition in diet-induced obese mice. Male adult Swiss mice composed randomly 2 groups: chow diet (CTL) and high-fat diet by 5 consecutive weeks (DIO). During these 5 weeks, some mice of the DIO and CTL groups received daily a pool of probiotics. The DIO animals that received probiotic presented an expressive improvement in their glucose tolerance test, fasting glucose and in parallel a significant increase in the phosphorylation levels of insulin induced IR, IRS1 and Akt in muscle, liver and adipose tissue. There was a relevant reduction in the TLR4-Myd88 interaction, IKK? and JNK phosphorylation and iNOS expression in DIO mice treated with probiotic. This treatment also improved the expression of ileal tight-junctions proteins (ZO-1, Occludin), decreased LPS portal levels and the concentrations of bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes (associated with obesity) in feces. Analyzing the hypothalamus, it was observed that the use of probiotics in this model of obesity favorably regulated central mechanisms of food intake, as well as some inflammation parameters. In conclusion, our results show that probiotics, through their effects on intestinal permeability and microbiota composition, can improve insulin sensitivity and signaling of DIO mice, reducing their inflammation and suggesting potential beneficial effects in the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes / Doutorado / Medicina Experimental / Doutora em Ciências

In recent years, the association between inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and gut microbiota has been extensively studied in adults using post-treatment cohorts of patients. However, microbial composition and functional interplay between host genetics and microorganisms in newly diagnosed early IBD onset remain poorly defined. Using colonoscopic mucosal washes to collect mucosal-luminal microbiota from different intestinal locations, we studied the gut microbiome in a large number of children with either Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). Although no significant difference in the diversity was evident between the gut microbiota of IBD-affected and control children, the microbiome of IBD subjects is characterized by an increased abundance of potent hydrogen sulfide (H2S) producers and decreased abundance of beneficial butyrate producers. Microbiota and proteomic profiling revealed that the abundance of Atopobium parvulum, a potent H2S producer, was associated with increased CD severity and a concurrent reduction in the expression of the host H2S detoxification pathway. Gnotobiotic and conventionalized colitis-susceptible interleukin-10-deficient (Il-10-/-) mice showed that A. parvulum induces severe colitis, a phenotype requiring the presence of the gut microbiota. In addition, administration of bismuth, an H2S scavenger, prevented A. parvulum-induced colitis in Il-10-/- mice. Our findings have identified A. parvulum as a major mediator of inflammation severity. We also reveal an imbalance between the H2S production and detoxification in the gastrointestinal tract of pediatric IBD patients. Altogether, our findings provide new avenues for diagnostics as well as therapies to treat IBD.

abstract: First year college students have been identified as a vulnerable population for weight gain and the onset of overweight and obesity. Research regarding the gut microbiome has identified differences in the microbial composition of overweight and obese individuals compared to normal weight individuals. Dietary components like dietary fibers, act as prebiotics, or fermentable substrate, that the gut microbiota use for metabolic functions including the production of short-chain fatty acids. The objective of this longitudinal, observational study was to assess changes in the gut microbiota over time in relation to changes in fiber consumption in healthy college students at a large a southwestern university (n=137). Anthropometric and fecal samples were collected at the beginning and end of the fall and spring semesters between August 2015 and May 2016. Both alpha, within sample, diversity and beta, between sample, diversity of participant gut microbes were assessed longitudinally using non-parametric pairwise (pre-post) comparisons and linear mixed effect (LME) models which also adjusted for covariates and accounted for time as a random effect. Alpha and beta diversity were also explored using LME first difference metrics and LME first distance metrics, respectively, to understand rates of change over time in microbial richness/phylogeny and community structure. Pre-post comparisons of Shannon Diversity and Faith’s PD were not significantly different within participant groups of fiber change (Shannon diversity, p=0.96 and Faith’s PD, p=0.66). Beta diversity pairwise comparisons also did not differ by fiber consumption groups (Unweighted UniFrac p=0.182 and Bray Curtis p=0.657). Similarly, none of the LME models suggested significant associations between dietary fiber consumption and metrics of alpha and beta diversity. Overall, data from this study indicates that small changes in fiber consumption among a free-living population did not have an impact on gut microbial richness, phylogeny or community structure. This may have been due to the low intake (~15 g/d) of fiber. Further study is needed to fully elucidate the role that fiber plays in the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota, especially when delivered from a variety of food sources rather than fiber supplements. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Nutrition 2020

Lactate, a metabolic end product of glycolysis in mammals, has emerged as an important energy substrate for the brain. In addition to its energetic role, lactate was shown to modulate the excitability of neurons, to have a neuroprotective role and to participate in long-term memory formation. One previous investigation from our group reported that lactate modulates 4 synaptic plasticity-associated genes and potentiates the activity of the N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor, a major receptor type involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission. The current thesis aimed at first to extend these findings by examining genome-wide transcriptional responses to this metabolite in cortical neurons. Using ribonucleic acid(RNA) sequencing to evaluate expression changes in protein-coding genes, we found that lactate modulates robustly after 1h, 20 genes involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and in synaptic plasticity in a NMDA receptor activitydependent manner and that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced (NADH), but not pyruvate, reproduces the modulatory effects of lactate on 70% of all differentially expressed genes. In a time course experiment, genes modulated after lactate treatment for 6h and 24h were also identified; these are involved in 9 signaling pathways including circadian rhythm, drug addiction, and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling. Bioinformatics analyses indicated CREB1 and CREM as candidate master regulators of gene expression and the modulatory effect of lactate was prevented by inhibitors of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity, indicating a role for this kinase in mediating lactate signaling. An examination of changes in dendritic spines’ morphology and density - a morphologicalcorrelate of synaptic plasticity – has shown that lactate modulated spine density changes induced by potassium chloride (KCl) and carbachol. An additional investigation described in this thesis indicated that different gut microbiota manipulations (germ-free, prebiotics, high-fat diet) regulated mRNA expression of genes involved in the Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle (ANLS) - a metabolic cooperation mechanism between astrocytes and glutamatergic neurons. Overall, the results of this thesis help to establish a role for lactate as a signaling molecule in the brain, highlight mechanisms implicated in its signaling, and open new avenues for investigation of links between the gut microbiota and brain energy metabolism.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第13344号 / 論農博第2887号 / 新制||農||1079(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R2||N5251(農学部図書室) / (主査)教授 小川 順, 教授 木岡 紀幸, 教授 栗原 達夫 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第22494号 / 農博第2398号 / 新制||農||1076(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R2||N5274(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 小川 順, 教授 栗原 達夫, 教授 加納 健司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize the composition of the gut microbiota in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients with adequate and inadequate metabolic control, and its relationship with fiber consumption. Results: A total of 26 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were enrolled, of which 7 (26.9%) cases had adequate metabolic control (HbA1c < 7%) and 19 (73.1%) inadequate metabolic control (HbA1c ≥ 7%). It was observed that among patients with controlled T2DM, 2 (28.6%) cases presented good intake of fiber and 5 (71.4%) cases a regular intake. In contrast, in patients with uncontrolled T2DM, 13 (68.4%) patients reported a regular intake and 6 (31.6%) a poor intake. In relation to the identification of the gut microbiota, both groups presented a similar characterization. There were differences in the population of bacteria identified in both groups, however, the results were not statistically significant. The most frequently identified bacteria in controlled and uncontrolled T2DM patients were Prevotella (71.4% vs 52.6%), followed by Firmicutes (71.4% vs 42.1%), Proteobacteria (71.4% vs 36.8%) and Bacteroidetes (57.1% vs 37.8%). On the other hand, Fusobacterium, Actinobacteria were not identified in either of the two groups of study. / Revisión por pares