No description available.

Background; Gynecological cancer is a common term for cancer in the female genitals and 2013 there were about 2800 women in Sweden that was diagnosed. This form of cancer and the treatment that is used, affects the sexuality and also the fertility of the women. Aim; The purpose with the essay was to illustrate the experience of the sexuality after the treatment of gynecological cancer. Method; The method used in the essay was a systematic translation of different literature. Of all the articles used there were eight that was qualitative, two quantitative and one was a combination of both methods. The analytic process was accomplish with the support of the Friberg (2006) analytic method. Results; The analysis resulted in two categories; Physical changes after the treatment and the treatments impact on the sexuality of the women. The physical changes that occurred because of the treatment was recurring and it showed that it was primarily surgery that hurt the woman body. It was also shown that the biggest impact that the treatment had on sexuality was pain and reduced desire for sex. And it also showed that sexuality got a new meaning for the women and they found new ways to express their feelings towards their partner. Conclusion; It was showed that the sexual experience primarily was affected by the physical consequences that the treatment had and not only because of the cancer itself. And it can because of this conclution be of significance that the nurse focus on the effects of the treatment, like vaginal anatomy and physical and psychological effects to be able to support the womans sexual well-being

For most of us, thoughts about our own mortality are largely unconscious, an invisible backdrop to our daily living. However, when forced to face a potentially life threatening event, these otherwise underlying thoughts about human transience rise to consciousness. Given the seemingly inherent link between receiving a cancer diagnosis and developing an increased awareness of one’s own mortality, the present study sought to address the following research question, “What are the experiences and processes by which women with gynecologic cancer construct meaning and manage death anxiety in the face of their cancer diagnosis?” Based on an interpretive grounded theory paradigm, 10 women with gynecologic cancer were interviewed to gather rich, nuanced information about the phenomenology of death anxiety in this understudied cancer population. The primary ways in which participants managed the threat of mortality were to engage in certain socially-sanctioned behaviors related to religion, spirituality, family, identity, and social obligations. These activities served a dual purpose by (1) giving participants the opportunity to fight symbolically or literally against death and (2) allowing them to derive a sense of meaning and purpose in life. Findings from this study offer a unique conceptual understanding of the cancer experience. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

El Virus del Papil•loma Humà (VPH) està implicat en la patogènesis dels tumors del tracte genital femení i es detecta en la pràctica totalitat dels carcinomes de cèrvix, considerant-se una causa necessària per al seu desenvolupament. El VPH també sembla estar involucrat en una proporció de tumors de la vulva i de la vagina, però al contrari que en el cèrvix, els carcinomes escamosos de la vulva (CEV) i de la vagina (CEVa) es desenvolupen seguint dues vies etiopatogèniques diferents: una relacionada amb la infecció pel VPH i una independent de la infecció viral. Degut a la baixa incidència de tumors en aquestes localitzacions, hi ha molt pocs coneixements sobre la epidemiologia, les característiques histològiques i les conseqüències clíniques dels tumors relacionats amb el VPH. Per altra banda, en totes aquestes localitzacions, tant les lesions premalignes com els carcinomes relacionats amb el VPH semblen presentar una morfologia basaloide o condilomatosa, mentre que els carcinomes no relacionats amb el VPH són generalment queratinitzants. Des de fa un temps s’ha evidenciat que la sobrexpressió de p16ink4a es troba de manera uniforme en totes les lesions premalignes i malignes del cèrvix uterí i d’altres localitzacions, com l’amígdala, la vulva o la regió anorectal, associades a la infecció el VPH i s’ha proposat coma marcador d’aquesta infecció viral. L’objectiu de la tesi va ser estudiar un grup ampli de lesions de vulva i de vagina analitzant la presència o no de VPH i determinar si existeixen característiques morfològiques, immunohistoquímiques i clínico-patològiques diferencials entre els tumors positius i els negatius per al VPH. Com a metodologia es va avaluar retrospectivament els casos de CEVa i CEV diagnosticats a l’Hospital Clínic, a l’Hospital de la Vall d’Hebrón, a l’Instituto Portugués de Oncología de Lisboa i a l’Hospital de Vic, entre 1989 i el 2009. El VPH es va detectar mitjançant tècniques de PCR utilitzant primers SPF-10 i tipificat amb el mètode INNO-LIPA HPV. També es van realitzar tècniques de immunohistoquímica per la detecció de p16ink4A i p53. Es va realitzar l’anàlisi de la supervivència global (OS) i de la supervivència lliure de malaltia (DFS) mitjançant corbes de Kaplan- Meier i anàlisis multivariades utilitzant el model de Cox. Els resultats que es van obtenir van ser que tant el CEV com el CEVa presenten dues vies etiopatogèniques, una en relació a la infecció pel VPH i una independent de la infecció viral. El tipus viral més freqüent és el VPH de tipus 16. La tinció immunohistoquímica amb p16ink4 mostra una gran especificitat i sensibilitat per al diagnòstic dels carcinomes escamosos de vagina associats al VPH, i és una tècnica útil i simple per a classificar-los etiològicament. Les dones amb CEV associat al VPH presenten un pronòstic similar a les dones amb carcinomes no relacionats amb el VPH, mentre que les pacients amb CEVa relacionat amb el VPH tenen una millor supervivència global i supervivència lliure de malaltia. Aquesta supervivència està limitada als estadis I i II de la malaltia. Les lesions vulvars intraepitelials negatives per a la infecció del VPH poden adoptar, ocasionalment, una morfologia basaloide i confondre’s amb un VIN de tipus clàssic (relacionat amb el VPH), per això, la tinció immunohistoquímica amb p16(ink4a) i p53 poden ser útils en l’adequada classificació d’aquestes lesions. / HUMAM PAPILLOMA VIRUS AS A PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN THE CARCINOMAS OF THE VULVA AND THE VAGINA Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been clearly implicated in the pathogenesis of maligmant and premalignant tumours of the female lower genital tract and has been detected in almost 100% of cervical carcinomas. HPV also seems to be involved in a proportion of vulva and vagina tumours, but unlike the cervix, these tumors develop following two different etiopathogenic pathways: one group is related to HPV infection whereas a second group arises via independent- HPV infection. Premalignant and malignant tumours related to to HPV are histologicaly squamous cell carcinoma of non-keratinizing, basaloid or warty types, whereas most HPV-negative tumors are commonly of keratinizing type. However some overlap exists between the histological types and the association with HPV and immunohistochemical studies with p16ink4a has been proposed as a marker of this viral infection in the neoplasms. As a methodology, cases of carcinoma of the vulva and the vagina diagnosed in Hospital Clinic, Hospital de la Vall d'Hebron, Portuguese Institute of Oncology and Hospital de Vic, were analyzed between 1989 and 2009. HPV was detected by PCR. Immunohistochemical techniques were carried out for the detection of p p16ink4a and p53. The analysis of the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was made through Kaplan Meier analysis and multivariate curves using the Cox model. The results show that in vagina, as in vulva, there are two independent pathways in the development of tha carcinomas, one related an another independant of the HPV infection.The most common HPV viral type is the 16 . Immunohistochemical p16ink4 staining shows a great sensitivity and specificity for HPV related neoplasms, and is a useful technique to classify them. In vulva, women with HPV-tumours present a similar prognosis that women with non-HPV related tumours, while in vagina patients with HPV-related tumours stand a better overall survival and disease-free survival. This survival is limited to stages I and II of the disease. Vulvars negative intraepitelials neoplasms for HPV infection can adopt an basaloide morphology and p16ink4a staining with may be helpful in the proper classification.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiana Rocha Biagigo.pdf: 934226 bytes, checksum: 77ae4574316234df5b706b4d1f22e764 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-24 / The overarching objective of this study is to investigate 197 women in treatment stage diagnosed with either breast or gynecologic cancer in regard to their beliefs about the causes of their very own diseases. Specifically, the present study aims to establish correlations of these subjects reported causal beliefs with selected sociodemografic and clinical variables. All subjects found themselves under treatment at a public hospital located in São Paulo, where the data was collected. The tools adopted specifically for data collection were a sociodemografic and clinical questionnaire as well as the Causes subscale from Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised (IPQ-R). A quantitative method was implemented and Analytical Psychology used for theoretical reference. Subjects reported several factors as causes for their cancer and attributed an important role to stress and emotional factors. The predominant causes mentioned were: stress or worry (77,2%), worries or family problems (77,2%), emotional state (69,5%), poor medical care administered in the past (54,3%), changes in the body defense system (52,3%) and fate or bad luck (45,3%). The sociodemografic and clinical variables (age, educational level, household income, type of cancer, tobacco addiction, changes in healthcare behavior, religion, family or own history of cancer and psychological treatment) influenced the causal beliefs reported by the subjects. Marital status was not observed as having influence over causal attribution. Low educational level on top of lack of information as well as low family income presented great influence in causal beliefs in regard to these subjects. Educational campaigns are crucial initiatives to the studied subjects, especially those targeting causes and factors that if acted upon might mitigate risk of cancer / Este estudo tem como objetivo geral investigar as crenças de 197 mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama ou ginecológico, em fase de tratamento, a respeito das causas de sua própria doença. O objetivo específico é de correlacionar as crenças causais relatadas pelas participantes com as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. Todas as participantes encontravam-se em tratamento em um hospital público da cidade de São Paulo. Os instrumentos utilizados na coleta de dados foram: questionário clínico e sociodemográfico e a subescala de Causas do Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised (IPQ-R). O método utilizado foi quantitativo e o referencial teórico foi o da Psicologia Analítica. As participantes citaram diversos fatores como causa de sua doença e atribuíram papel importante para o estresse e os fatores emocionais. Entre as causas mais mencionadas estiveram: estresse ou preocupação (77,2%), preocupações ou problemas familiares (77,2%), estado emocional (69,5%), pouca assistência médica no passado (54,3%), alteração das defesas do organismo (52,3) e destino ou má sorte (45,3%). As variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas (idade, nível de escolaridade, renda familiar, tipo de câncer, tabagismo, mudanças nos cuidados com a saúde, religião, histórico anterior da doença, histórico familiar e realização de acompanhamento psicológico), influenciaram as crenças causais relatadas pelas participantes. A condição marital das pacientes não teve influência significativa sobre as atribuições causais. O baixo nível de escolaridade, somado à falta de informação, e a baixa renda familiar foram variáveis que apresentaram grande influência sobre as crenças causais das participantes da amostra. Campanhas educativas, que tenham como foco as causas do câncer e os fatores de risco que podem ser modificados a fim de reduzir o risco da doença, são de grande importância para a amostra estudada