Introduction: The ambulance helicopter has been an established part of the trauma care in Värmland since 2014. European studies comparing the ambulance helicopters with land-based ambulance often show reduced mortality among patients handled by helicopter. A factor often considered as a risk reducer is shortened transport time. As a step to evaluate trauma care in Swedish rural areas, a study of pre-hospital transport times is required. Aim: The aim of this pilot study was to compare the transport times of the ambulance helicopter with the ground ambulance for trauma patients in the Arvika Hospital catchment area. Methods: Retrospective data from the ambulance register in Värmland and the ambulance helicopter register in Värmland from September to December in 2017 were compared. The transport time of trauma patients from alarm to the start of medical care in hospital was compared between ground- and airborne ambulances. Results: 9 ground ambulance transports were compared with 4 airborne. All helicopter transports in the study were faster than land-based ambulance services with comparable transport distances. No helicopter transport for shorter transports than 134 km was included in the study. Conclusion: In our study, it is shown that for a total transport distance of more than 134 km the transport with helicopter of trauma patients from Arvika Hospital's catchment area to the nearest healthcare facility is faster than by regular ambulance.This study includes only a few transports, and to ensure statistical significance, a larger sample and a more accurate analysis of the complex trauma care are required.

Introduction: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder with abroad spectrum of symptoms. The current view on IBS is that there may be similar butdifferent pathologies for different patients with IBS even though they currently are includedin the same diagnostic entity. This could explain the differences in symptoms betweendifferent patients. Aim: To analyze symptom patterns in IBS and to assess differences in symptom patternsbetween the four IBS subgroups, as well as symptom variation during the course of the day. Materials and methods: We analyzed prospective data collected from a 14-day symptomdiary completed by 58 patients with IBS. The data was analyzed using descriptive statisticsand analyses focusing on differences in symptoms between the four IBS subgroups as well assymptom variation during the day. Results: Patients with diarrhea-predominance (IBS-D) had fewer hours of abdominal pain perday compared to the other IBS subgroups. Overall IBS symptom severity (IBS-SSS) did notdiffer between the four IBS subgroups. Bloating was the most commonly reported symptomwith a low frequency during the night but with increasing frequency during the course of theday. We also found a correlation between meal intake and reports of bloating and nausea, butnot with pain episodes. Conclusion: This study demonstrates other differences in the symptom pattern than bowelhabits between the four IBS subgroups, as well as substantial variation in the symptompatterns among individual patients with IBS. Moreover, diurnal symptom variation anddifferent associations between IBS symptoms and meal intake were noted.

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