A coexistência de segmentos populacionais de origem japonesa, no nosso meio, permite uma análise de continuidade da dinâmica dos hábitos alimentares, quando integrada ao sistema ecológico local e sujeitos a tradições culturáis nacionais. Na presente pesquisa, ao se tomar os \"isseis\" que aqui vieram antes da II Guerra Mundial (IAG), seus descendentes \"nikkeis\"(D) e os \"isseis\" que aportaram depois da Guerra (IDG), verificou-se que a análise das duas gerações consecutivas - IAG e D - nos dá idéia da velocidade de mudança dos hábitos alimentares, mesmo quando estes hábitos estejam influenciados por uma forte pressão cultural. O posicionamento dos IDG a esta evolução, aproxima-os mais dos D do que dos IAG, em razão de já trazerem uma diversificação alimentar incorporada no Japão de pós-Guerra; a comparação de imigrantes \"isseis\" com seus descendentes \"nikkeis\" revela um evidente enfraquecimento do fator cultural de origem na dieta, que, entretanto, não foi abrangente a todos os tipos de alimentos, isto é, muitos alimentos orientais continuam a ter elevada freqüência na alimentação dos D, em que pese a presença dos fatores ambientais e culturais ocidentais em seu estilo de vida; mas, se o aspecto cultural teve um papel relevante na permanência de alimentos típicos japoneses, porém, não resistiu à mudança no preparo dos mesmos, onde a incorporação de novos condimentos (e o abandono dos tradicionais) teve função de acelerar a aculturação alimentar,direcionando-os aos hábitos nacionais. / The existence of different population segments of japanese origen among us, permits the analysis of the continuity and the dynamics of feeding habits when integrated to the local ecologic system, under the influence of Brasilian cultural and tradicional factors. In the present paper the study of \"issei\" that migrated before II World War (BWI) and their descendents compared to the study of \"issei\" that migrate after II World War (AWI) showed that the analysis of two consecutive generations - BWI and their descendents - gives us an idea of the speed with which feeding habits changed, even when subjected to strong cultural pressure. The position of AWI in regarding this evolution is closer to BWI descendents than to BWI proper, due to the fact that they had suffered a diversification of feeding habits introduced in Japan after 11 World War; comparison between the migrant \"issei\" and their descendents (\"nikkei\") shows an evident weakening of feeding cultural factors that did not, however, comprehend all types of food, that is, many oriental foods still have high frequency in the diet of the descendents; if the cultural aspects did have a relevant role concerning the maintenance of typical japanese foods they did not, however, resist the changes in preparation of food, where the introduction of occidental seasonings, abandoning the traditional ones, accelerated cultural integration.

De acordo com a OrganizaÃÃo Mundial de SaÃde (OMS), as DoenÃas CrÃnicas NÃo TransmissÃveis (DCNT) sÃo responsÃveis por 60% das mortes no mundo. InquÃritos recentes sobre alimentaÃÃo saudÃvel apresentaram fortes evidÃncias no que diz respeito ao papel do consumo diÃrio de frutas, legumes, verduras e da combinaÃÃo de arroz com feijÃo, na prevenÃÃo e controle de doenÃas como: diabetes, cÃncer e doenÃas cardiovasculares. Tendo em vista a populaÃÃo de universitÃrios, estudos apontam um consumo elevado de fast food e que ainda nÃo existem polÃticas pÃblicas especÃficas voltadas para essa populaÃÃo, o que dificulta o monitoramento dos fatores protetores para DCNT. O objetivo desse inquÃrito à avaliar os hÃbitos alimentares dos estudantes universitÃrios de uma universidade pÃblica em Fortaleza-CE. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado de maio a outubro de 2013, envolvendo 203 graduandos. Aplicou-se um formulÃrio contendo dados sociodemogrÃficos e um questionÃrio de frequÃncia alimentar para avaliar os hÃbitos. Os dados foram armazenados em um banco de dados construÃdo no Excel e processados no programa estatÃstico STATA v.08. Os resultados foram submetidos a tratamento estatÃstico e analisados com apoio na literatura especÃfica. Aprovado pelo Comità de Ãtica em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, o estudo recebeu o protocolo no 208/10. Dos 203 participantes, 66,5% eram do sexo feminino; a idade mÃdia foi de 22,9 anos, sendo 65,6% situados na faixa etÃria de 20 a 24 anos; 95% eram solteiros; 44,3% da raÃa parda; 52,2% cursavam entre o 5o e o 8o semestre da graduaÃÃo; 28% tinha renda mensal entre 2 e 4 salÃrios mÃnimos; 51% pertenciam à classe C; 71,1% apenas estudavam e 74,4% moravam com os pais ou familiares. No referente aos hÃbitos alimentares, 56%, 97%, 67,3% e 69,9%, ingerem diariamente alimentos como leite, arroz, feijÃo e pÃo, respectivamente e 74,4%, 57,7%, 57,5% preferiam ingerir semanalmente pizza, pastel e refrigerante. Encontrou-se que 70,3% dos acadÃmicos que consumiam frutas e legumes diariamente, enquanto 52,2 % dos acadÃmicos que nÃo comiam frutas diariamente,tambÃm nÃo comiam legumes, sendo estas diferenÃas estatisticamente significantes (p=0,001). Quanto ao consumo diÃrio de Ãgua, 51,2% dos graduandos referiram a ingestÃo de 6 a 8 copos por dia. Utilizando a razÃo de prevalÃncia para estabelecer relaÃÃes entre os hÃbitos alimentares e fatores sociodemogrÃficos, encontrou-se que, os indivÃduos com idade entre 20 e 24 anos apresentaram 4,5 vezes mais chances de consumir frutas e legumes diariamente, e quanto ao consumo diÃrio de arroz e feijÃo, os universitÃrios da classe C apresentaram 1,7 vezes mais chance de consumo do que aqueles da classe A. Tendo em vista o comportamento alimentar, foram verificadas diferenÃas por sexo para o nÃmero de refeiÃÃes diÃrias (p=0,031), jà que 9,6% das mulheres e 1,5% dos homens realizam apenas atà 3 (trÃs) refeiÃÃes diÃrias. Diante do exposto, evidencia-se a necessidade de intervenÃÃo por meio de aÃÃes com base na promoÃÃo da saÃde, utilizando a universidade como meio propÃcio para divulgar e orientar hÃbitos alimentares saudÃveis, prevenindo o surgimento de DCNT e melhorando a qualidade de vida dos universitÃrios. / According to the World Health Organization ( WHO ) , chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs ) are responsible for 60 % of deaths worldwide . Recent surveys of healthy eating presented strong evidence for the role of dietary intake of fruits and vegetables and the combination of rice and beans in the prevention and control of diseases like diabetes , cancer and cardiovascular diseases . The aim of this investigation is to evaluate the eating habits of college students from a public university of Fortaleza . This is a cross-sectional study conducted from May to October 2013, involving 203 undergraduates . We applied a questionnaire containing demographic and related to food consumption data , measured by food frequency intake of food. Data were stored in a database built in Excel and processed in STATA statistical software v.08 . The results were analyzed statistically and analyzed with support in the literature . Approved by the Federal University of Cearà Research Ethics Committee , the study received No 208/10 protocol. Of the 203 participants , 66.5 % were female ; the average age was 22.9 years, and 65.6 % located in the age group 20-24 years; 95 % were single ; 44.3 % mulatto ; 52.2 % studied between the 5th and 8th semester of graduation ; 28 % had a monthly income between 2-4 minimum wages ; 51 % were Class C ; 71.1 % and 74.4 % only students living with parents or relatives . With regard to dietary habits , 56 % , 97 % , 67.3 % and 69.9 % ingests daily foods such as milk , rice, beans and bread , respectively, and 74.4 % , 57.7 % , 57.5 % reported eat pizza every week , pastel and soda . It was found that 70.3 % of students who consumed fruits daily also consumed vegetables daily , while 52.2 % of the students who did not eat fruit daily also did not eat vegetables daily , with statistical significant differences (p=0.001 ) . As for the daily consumption of 51.2 % of the students reported eating 6-8 cups daily. Individuals aged between 20 and 24 years were 4.5 times more likely to consume fruits and vegetables daily , and as to the daily consumption of rice and beans university class C had 1.7 times more likely to use than those of class A. in view of the feeding behavior ifferences were found by gender for the number of meals per day ( p = 0.031 ) , as 9.6% of women and 1.5 % of men carry only up to 3 meals a day . Given the above, highlights the need for intervention through actions based on health promotion , using the university as a means conducive to the promotion of healthy eating habits and guide preventing the rise of NCDs and improving the quality of life of the university .

To help protect the environment people need to change current non-environmental behaviours into more sustainable behaviours. By understanding habits for pro-environmental behaviours, people can strive toward building a more sustainable future. The goal of this thesis was to identify different types of repeated pro-environmental behaviours and how to best foster strong habits for pro-environmental behaviours. To achieve this purpose we combined the theoretical framework of habits (Bargh, 1994; Verplanken, 2006) with the theoretical framework of self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985; 2000) to address current gaps in the habit literature. The present thesis is comprised of two articles. The first article determined if the proposed indicators of habits (i.e., behaviour frequency, habit strength, and behaviour interference) could identify different patterns of repeated pro-environmental behaviours predicted by habit and self-determination theory using cluster analysis. The three studies provided support for the three proposed types of repeated behaviours: weak habits, repeated behaviours with interference, and strong habits. These results were very robust since the same pattern was found across three studies, three samples, and three different target behaviours. The second article used the groups (i.e., weak habit, repeated behaviour with interference, and strong habit) in exploratory multinomial logistic regression analyses to identify factors related to pro-environmental behaviours which distinguished between the different types of repeated behaviours. Once again, the same three types of repeated behaviours were found across these three studies, with three new samples and two different target behaviours. Three predictors fairly consistently identified differences between the groups: autonomous motivation toward the environment, perceived importance of the environment, and the frequency of other pro-environmental behaviours. The implications of the thesis findings are discussed in relation to self-determination theory and the study of habits.

No description available.

Mindful eating is the concept of being physically and emotionally aware of what and why you are eating. Currently the research is limited, especially in a large college aged population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if age, gender, physical activity, year in school and focus of academic major made a difference in mindful eating practices in college students. In this cross-sectional study, 427 students completed a 28-item validated Mindful Eating Questionnaire. The results show that only gender played a role in the total mindful eating score. Combined effects of the factors did affect total score as well as subscale scores. These findings suggest that a combination of factors affect mindful eating more than one factor alone. More research is needed in large college aged populations in order to better determine mindful eating practices of individuals in this age group.

This study aimed at exploring the possible impact that habits, values and mindfulness can have on an athlete's achievement of success. It provided a thorough understanding of these three concepts and analysed the interrelationship they might have. By examining their interconnectedness, the study found that a triadic relationship exists among habits, values and mindfulness in the sport context. The fieldwork was conducted with athletes from various performance levels. Elite athletes were represented by athletes who have continuously performed exceptionally (having won medals at Olympics, Commonwealth Championships, World Cups or Continental Championships) on the international stage. These athletes formed part of the first phase of this study. Athletes performing on club-, provincial- and national level were the participants in the second phase of the study. The study found that athletes from the four performance levels experienced habits, values and mindfulness differently. Certain core habits and values were present among the different athlete populations. Elite athletes identified visualisation, simplicity, simulation training and pre-performance routines as crucial habits in their respective sports. The elite athletes indicated the importance of behavioural consistency and that they tend to behave in a manner that is consistent with their values and to hold themselves accountable to those values. Although there were similarities, the strength of similar habits differed among the athletes from the different levels of performance. In general, the three strongest habits among the four different performance levels, were the habits of responsiveness, discipline and resilience. The club-, provincial- and national athletes valued interpersonal relationships such as loyalty, commitment and respect for others, higher than values that are more inclined to assist in individual satisfaction and needs. Though the differences were not statistical significant, it might be interesting to note that the national athletes scored higher on values such as self-direction, universalism and benevolence. Club athletes scored higher on values such as hedonism and tradition. The role of mindfulness in the attainment of success received varied emphasis from the club-, provincial-, national- and elite athletes. The elite athletes identified mindfulness as a key element in the maintenance of a successful long-term sport career. The elite athletes linked mindfulness and visualisation with the understanding that the two concepts are interconnected and that mindfulness might be aided by the practice of visualisation. The club-, provincial- and national athletes identified a link between the habit of focusing and mindfulness, indicating that focusing assists them in heightening their awareness levels in situations. Athletes from the varying performance levels referred to mental skills concepts as habits. They distinguished between behavioural habits as well as mental skills habits. Correlation assessments were conducted to assess for links between habits, values and mindfulness. Twenty eight correlations were found between the assessed habits and values. Five correlations were found between values and mindfulness variables. Forty two correlations were found between habits and mindfulness variables. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to gather the data. The results indicated that the development of athletes on all levels of performance can be enhanced by being attentive to the habits, values and mindfulness levels of athletes. The recommendations provided by this study will provide options to enhance performance levels and possibly contribute to the holistic development of athletes in South Africa, Africa and the broader sport fraternity. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences / DPhil / Unrestricted

We live in a constantly changing world, where recent human-induced changes and climate change affect virtually every component of the Earth's surface and systems. Coastal ecosystems are particularly at risk, as one of the most utilised and urbanised of natural systems worldwide, as well as being at risk from sea level rise. This will degrade or even destroy many feeding and breeding sites. Those species colonising new habitats in an attempt to escape rising sea level and climate change related threats, will be competing for space with the growing human population and urbanisation. Although 97 of 346 seabird species (28%) are globally threatened, 57 (17%) have increasing populations, including 17 gulls (Larinae). The Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus is a cosmopolitan species with an increasing population worldwide. Kelp Gulls in southern Africa L. d. vetula are one of 15 seabird species that breed in the region, and one of only five breeding seabirds listed as Least Concern in the region. Three Kelp Gull breeding colonies in Plettenberg Bay, Western Cape, were surveyed to provide an updated count for this area. A combination of direct counts and the trial use of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV),were used as methods of counting nests. The direct monitoring of nests allowed for the effect of different microhabitats on the breeding performance of Kelp Gulls to be investigated, which has implications for their ability to adapt to future habitat changes. The importance of anthropogenic food items in the diet of Kelp Gulls breeding in Plettenberg Bay was explored through the use of regurgitated pellets of indigestible matter, and chick regurgitations, and how this is reflected in the time spent in various areas as shown by GPS loggers and point counts in urban areas. Another aspect of the urban adaptation of Kelp Gulls is the incorporation of anthropogenic debris in their nests, which was examined at eight breeding colonies throughout the Western Cape.

A Record of what people read is part of the social history of that people, a significant insight into their thinking and emotions. What people read in newspaper, magazines, books, and other printed material is important because in influences their attitudes and opinions. What they fail to read is also important, for persons with the most misconceptions and prejudices are usually the least well read

No description available.

No description available.