This study aimed at exploring the possible impact that habits, values and mindfulness can have on an athlete's achievement of success. It provided a thorough understanding of these three concepts and analysed the interrelationship they might have. By examining their interconnectedness, the study found that a triadic relationship exists among habits, values and mindfulness in the sport context. The fieldwork was conducted with athletes from various performance levels. Elite athletes were represented by athletes who have continuously performed exceptionally (having won medals at Olympics, Commonwealth Championships, World Cups or Continental Championships) on the international stage. These athletes formed part of the first phase of this study. Athletes performing on club-, provincial- and national level were the participants in the second phase of the study. The study found that athletes from the four performance levels experienced habits, values and mindfulness differently. Certain core habits and values were present among the different athlete populations. Elite athletes identified visualisation, simplicity, simulation training and pre-performance routines as crucial habits in their respective sports. The elite athletes indicated the importance of behavioural consistency and that they tend to behave in a manner that is consistent with their values and to hold themselves accountable to those values. Although there were similarities, the strength of similar habits differed among the athletes from the different levels of performance. In general, the three strongest habits among the four different performance levels, were the habits of responsiveness, discipline and resilience. The club-, provincial- and national athletes valued interpersonal relationships such as loyalty, commitment and respect for others, higher than values that are more inclined to assist in individual satisfaction and needs. Though the differences were not statistical significant, it might be interesting to note that the national athletes scored higher on values such as self-direction, universalism and benevolence. Club athletes scored higher on values such as hedonism and tradition. The role of mindfulness in the attainment of success received varied emphasis from the club-, provincial-, national- and elite athletes. The elite athletes identified mindfulness as a key element in the maintenance of a successful long-term sport career. The elite athletes linked mindfulness and visualisation with the understanding that the two concepts are interconnected and that mindfulness might be aided by the practice of visualisation. The club-, provincial- and national athletes identified a link between the habit of focusing and mindfulness, indicating that focusing assists them in heightening their awareness levels in situations. Athletes from the varying performance levels referred to mental skills concepts as habits. They distinguished between behavioural habits as well as mental skills habits. Correlation assessments were conducted to assess for links between habits, values and mindfulness. Twenty eight correlations were found between the assessed habits and values. Five correlations were found between values and mindfulness variables. Forty two correlations were found between habits and mindfulness variables. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to gather the data. The results indicated that the development of athletes on all levels of performance can be enhanced by being attentive to the habits, values and mindfulness levels of athletes. The recommendations provided by this study will provide options to enhance performance levels and possibly contribute to the holistic development of athletes in South Africa, Africa and the broader sport fraternity. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences / DPhil / Unrestricted

Bakgrund Skador är vanligt förekommande i den professionella herrfotbollen och skador på det främre korsbandet (anterior cruciate ligament, ACL) är en skada med lång rehabiliteringstid. Efter en ACL-skada tar det i snitt 6,6 månader att återgå till träning och 7,4 månader att återgå till matchspel för spelare. 90% av spelare som skadat ACL återvänder till matchspel inom ett år, men det är inte känt om spelare får lika mycket speltid som tidigare. Syfte I vilken utsträckning återvänder spelare till sin tidigare nivå och finns det en korrelation mellan skadefrånvaro och speltid? Metod 40 professionella herrfotbollsspelare med bekräftad ACL-skada identifierades varav 34 uppfyllde inklusionskriterierna i denna retrospektiva kohortstudie. Skadefrånvaro, skada och spelardata identifierades via databaserna Transfermarkt.com, fbref.com och whoscoored.com Resultat Säsong 1 efter skada (S1ES) fick spelare 19,3 minuter mindre speltid jämfört med Säsong 1 innan skada (S1IS) (p<0,01). Säsong 2 efter skada (S2ES) fick spelare 6,4 minuter mindre speltid (p=0,20). Det fanns en icke-signifikant (p=0,60) svag negativ korrelation (r=-,094) mellan differensen av genomsnittlig speltid i minuter/match S1IS mot S1ES och skadefrånvaro i dagar. Det fanns en icke-signifikant (p=0,60) svag positiv korrelation (r=,094) för S2ES. S1ES fick spelare speltid i 14,8% (p=<0,01) färre matcher och S2ES fick spelare speltid i 5,7% (p=0,15) färre matcher jämfört med S1IS Slutsats Spelare är tillbaka till sin tidigare nivå vid två säsonger efter skadan. Längd på skadefrånvaron påverkar inte nivån som spelaren återvänder till. Spelare sitter mer på avbytarbänken säsongen efter skadan än tidigare. / Background Injuries are common in professional men's football and injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are injuries with a long rehabilitation period. After an ACL injury, it takes an average of 6.6 months to return to training and 7.4 months to return to match play for players. 90% of players who have injured their ACL return to match play within a year, but it is not known if players get as much playing time as before. Purpose To what extent do players return to their previous level and is there a correlation between injury absence and playing time? Method 40 professional men's football players with confirmed ACL injury were identified, 34 of whom met the inclusion criteria in this retrospective cohort study. Absence, injury, and player data were identified via the databases Transfermarkt.com, fbref.com and whoscoored.com Results Season 1 after injury, players got 19.3 (p<0.01) minutes less playing time compared to season 1 before injury. Season 2 after injury, players received 6.4 (p=0.20) minutes less playing time. There was a non-significant (p=0.60) weak negative correlation (r=-,094) between the difference of average playing time in minutes/match season 1 before injury against season 1 after injury and injury absence for days. There was a non-significant (p=0.60) weak positive correlation (r=.094) for season 2 after injury. Season 1 after injury, players played in 14.8% (p=0.00003) fewer matches and season 2 after injury, players played in 5.7% (p=0.15) fewer matches. Conclusion Players are back to their previous level two seasons after the injury. Length of injury absence does not affect the level to which the player returns. Players sit more on the bench the season after the injury than before.

Många arbetsrelaterade olyckor sker av att säkerhet kring att LOTO-principen är undermålig och att maskiners rörliga delar är lätt att komma åt. Vid konstruktion av en maskin är det viktigt att ta hänsyn till maskinens farliga upphov. För att konstruera bort detta är det viktigt redan på ett konstruktionsstadie att identifiera och bygga bort dessa områden med till exempel ett maskinskydd kring maskiner. Tillträdesplatser måste vara noga övervakad för att det ska vara en säker användning av maskin enligt maskindirektivet 2006/42/EG. I denna rapport har säkerhet såväl som kostnader setts över för en befintlig förreglingsbrytare på tillträdesplatser för en balningslinje och undersökt om kostnader kan minskas med föreslagen PROFInet baserat förreglingsbrytare. Den harmoniserade standarden EN ISO 13849-1:2016 tar upp ett sätt för att utvärdera säkerheten kring en maskins styrsystem allt utvärderas efter begreppet PL, Performance Level. För att räkna ut PL vid säkerhetsjämförelse användes SiSteMa och för att räkna ut kostnaden av dem olika alternativen emellan har en intervju kring kostnader gjorts och presenterats som en kvot. Säkerhetsjämförelse visar att PLd är bibehållen. Kostnadsjämförelsen visar att den föreslagna lösningen är dyrare än den befintliga men att en undermålig prisuppskattning kan ligga bakom detta. En aspekt av den nya förreglingsbrytaren som inte sågs över i rapporten men värt att nämna i slutsatsen kring säkerhets- och kostnadsjämförelse är att det föreslagna förreglingsbrytaren med PROFInet är en flexibel lösning med enkel felsökning. Framtida arbeten kring säkerhet vid balningslinje hade varit att titta på resterande tillträdesplatser som övervakas av ljusbomar och se om kostnader går att få ner där. / Many work-related accidents occur because safety around the LOTO principle is substandard and that the moving parts of machines are easy to access. When designing a machine, it is important to consider the machine's dangerous origin. To design this, it is important to identify and build these areas already at a design stage with, for example, a fence around machines. Access places must be carefully monitored for safe machine use according to the Machinery Directive 2006/42 / EC. In this report, safety as well as costs have been considered to an existing guard lock on access places for a baling line and examined whether costs can be reduced with the proposed PROFInet based guard lock. The harmonized standard EN ISO 13849-1: 2016 addresses one way of evaluating the safety of a machine's control system, all being evaluated according to the concept of PL, Performance Level. To calculate PL when comparing safety, SiSteMa was used and to calculate the cost of their different alternatives, an interview on costs has been made and presented as a quota. Safety comparison shows that PLd is retained. The cost comparison shows that the proposed solution is more expensive than the existing solution, but that a substandard price estimate may be behind this. One aspect of the new guard lock that was not seen in the report but worth mentioning in the conclusion about safety and cost comparison is that the proposed guard lock with PROFInet is a flexible solution with simple troubleshooting. Future work on safety at baling line would have been to look at remaining access places that are monitored by light curtains and see if costs can be reduced there.

Företag med en produktportfölj inriktad mot maskinsäkerhet har ett stort behov av att kunna visa upp produkterna i en integrerad helhetslösning. Men det ställer då också krav på att kunna vägleda och utbilda kunderna inom området maskinsäkerhet. Målet med denna uppsats har varit att ge-nomföra en riskanalys och ta fram två säkerhetslösningar på ett något av-skalat valsverk. Resultatet ska sedan användas i ett säljverktyg i form av en portabel DEMO för framtida mässor och utbildningar. Under arbetets gång så har ett flertal studiebesök och intervjuer genomförts med personer som har en lång erfarenhet av maskinsäkerhet och valsverk. Som stöd under ris-kanalysen så har bland annat den harmoniska standarden SS EN ISO 13849-1:2016 används. Först bestämdes maskinens omfattning följt av en riskbe-dömning där tänkta riskkällor identifierats och där sedan en lämplig åtgärd vidtagits för att vid behov reducera risken. En validering har slutligen ge-nomförts som ett sista steg i analysen för att säkerställa att med aktuellt framtagna skyddsfunktioner nå upp till den erforderliga prestandanivå som krävs. Bearbetning av material har uteslutande genomförts via Micro-soft Excel. Beräkningar och validering av samtliga skyddsfunktioner har genomförts analogt enligt standarden EN ISO 13849-1&2. Det har under ar-betets gång visat sig att det finns utrymme för tolkning och tveksamheter rörande arbetsmetod enligt ISO 13849-1 och maskindirektivet 2006/42/EC. Resultatet i undersökningen har påvisat att den först framtagna säkerhets-lösningen är den mest ultimata gällande kostnad. Medan den andra säker-hetslösningen från undersökningen är den mest optimala med avseende på flexibilitet och säkerhet. När det gäller olika tillvägagångssätt vid beräkning av skyddsfunktioner så är ett förgrenat synsätt fördelaktigt vid säkerhets-lösningar som kräver något högre prestandanivå. Det förgrenade synsättet medför dock i regel mer arbetet eftersom att antalet skyddsfunktioner beror på antalet maskiner för respektive ingångsblock. Det seriella tillvägagångs-sättet medför i regel mindre arbete vid beräkningar eftersom att antalet skyddsfunktioner då är lika med antalet ingångsblock för skyddsfunkt-ionen. Undersökningen har dessutom påvisat en tydlig korrelation mellan antalet maskiner och sannolikheten för farligt fel per timme. Det innebär att det seriella tillvägagångssättet kan leda till att aktuellt krav rörande pre-standanivå inte går att uppnå. / Companies with a portfolio that are focused at machine safety have a great need to display their products in an integrated comprehensive solution. But it’s also important for the companies to be able to guide and support cus-tomers in the field of machine safety. The aim of this report was to conduct a risk assignment and to develop two safety solutions for a cold rolling mill. The result of this report will then be used in a sales tool as a portable demon-stration platform for future fairs and customer education. During the inves-tigation, a number of study visits and interviews have been conducted with people who have a long experience of machine safety and cold rolling mills. As a guidance of the risk assignment, the harmonic standard SS EN ISO 13849-1: 2016 has been used. First, the extent of the machine was deter-mined, followed by a risk estimation where imaginary hazards were iden-tified. In case of an identified hazard an appropriate action was taken to reduce the risk. Finally, a validation was carried out as a final step in the analysis to ensure that the currently developed safety functions has reached the required performance level from the risk estimation. Processing of ma-terials has been performed exclusively through Microsoft Excel. Calcula-tions and validation of all protection features have been performed accord-ing to ISO 13849-1. During the study, it has been found that there is scope for interpretation and doubts regarding to the working methods in ISO 13849-1. The investigation was been shown that the first developed safety solution is the best regarding to the total cost. The second developed solu-tion was most optimal in terms of flexibility and security. The work has also shown that different approaches due to the calculations of the safety func-tions are important for the result. The branched method is advantageous for safety solutions that requires higher performance level but the method also in general entails additional work do to the calculations in comparison with the serial method. On the other hand, the survey showed a clear correlation between the numbers of integrated machines and the probability of danger-ous failure per hour do to the serial method. This means that the serial method can lead to the fact that the current Performance level can’t be achieved.

Lateral load carrying capacities of reinforced concrete structures which are designed by considering only gravity loads or according to outdated earthquake codes can be insufficient. The most important problem for these buildings is the limited ductility of the frame elements. How to evaluate the performance of an existing structure and to what level to strengthen it had been major concerns for structural engineers. Recent earthquakes which occurred in the Marmara Region in the last decade have increased the number of seismic assessment projects drastically. However, there was no special guideline or code dealing with the assessment of existing buildings. In order to have uniformity in assessment projects, a new chapter has been included in the revised Turkish Earthquake Code (2006). In this study, the existing and retrofitted conditions of a reinforced concrete building were assessed comparatively by employing linear and nonlinear assessment procedures according to different seismic rehabilitation codes. The study was carried out on a six storey reinforced concrete telephone exchange building. Although there was no damage in the structure due to the recent earthquakes that occurred in the Marmara Region, the building was assessed and retrofitted in 2001 by using equivalent lateral load analysis results. The results of linear and nonlinear assessment procedures performed in the scope of this thesis, were also compared with the assessment results of this previous study. In the nonlinear assessment procedures, pushover analysis results were used. In addition to comparison of the assessment procedures, efficiency of a widely used approximate pushover method was also investigated.

Current seismic design approach of bridge structures can be categorized into two distinctive methods: (i) force based and (ii) performance based. AASHTO LRFD seismic design specification is a typical example of force based design approach especially used in Turkey. Three different importance categories are presented as &ldquo / Critical Bridges&rdquo / , &ldquo / Essential Bridges&rdquo / and &ldquo / Other Bridges&rdquo / in AASHTO LRFD. These classifications are mainly based on the serviceability requirement of bridges after a design earthquake. The bridge&rsquo / s overall performance during a given seismic event cannot be clearly described. Serviceability requirements specified for a given importance category are assumed to be assured by using different response modification factors. Although response modification factor is directly related with strength provided to resisting column, it might be correlated with selected performance levels including different engineering response measures. Within the scope of this study, 27216 single circular bridge column bent models designed according to AASHTO LRFD and having varying column aspect ratio, column diameter, axial load ratio, response modification factor and elastic design spectrum data are investigated through a series of analyses such as response spectrum analysis and push-over analysis. Three performance levels such as &ldquo / Fully Functional&rdquo / , &ldquo / Operational&rdquo / and &ldquo / Delayed Operational&rdquo / are defined in which their criteria are selected in terms of column drift measure corresponding to several damage states obtained from column tests. Using the results of analyses, performance categorization of single bridge column bents is conducted. Seismic responses of investigated cases are identified with several measures such as capacity over inelastic demand displacement and response modification factor.

This thesis deals with the safety of engraving machine. The main contribution of this thesis is the detailed implementation of the risk assessment according to valid standards. Further detailed design of measures to meet all safety requirements. Part of this thesis is familiarity with the machine and its current state and the procedure of risk analysis. Another part is the risk assessment. Conclusion of this thesis includes the documentation and ES certificate of conformity.

The diploma thesis devotes to the process of ensuring functional safety of products in Bosch Rexroth Brno, which deals with industrial hydraulic systems. The first part introduces the basic legislative regulations concerning product safety and describes selected standards relevant to this thesis. The second part focuses on Bosch Rexroth and the current state in the field of ensuring functional safety of their products. It also includes a description of the functional safety solution of a specific project – a hydraulic try-out press. At the end of the thesis, improvements to the process of ensuring functional safety in response to the identified shortcomings are proposed.

The purpose of this study was to determine if motivational profiles of individual collegiate team sport athletes differ across ability levels (High, Middle, and Low) and settings (Team Practice, Competition, and Personal Practice). The athletes task and ego disposition, autonomy, and contextual motivation, were assessed using the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), Sport Climate Questionnaire (SCQ), and Sport Motivational Scale (SMS), pre and postseason. Their anxiety levels and situational motivation were measured using the Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Situational Motivational Scale (SIMS) during the season. The General Causality Orientations Scale (GCOS) was used pre and postseason to assess the strength of different motivational orientations in the coaches and the strength of association to the athletes' various motivational, anxiety and dispositional profiles. Results revealed that the athletes are functioning with high task and ego orientations almost equally across settings. They were also relatively high overall in perceived autonomy support. Anxiety and worry existed in all three settings, but in only low to moderate amounts. In addition, athletes reported higher levels of concentration disruption in competition settings over team or personal practice. Finally, individual athletes experienced significantly higher levels of self-determination behavior in both the competition and personal practice settings over team practice. No significant differences were found between the pre and postseason surveys for either the athletes or the coaches, or in the ability levels (H, M, and L) of the athletes.

No description available.