The result of this work was to find out the changes between the summer and the winter horse{\crq}s coat (the length, the thickness and the density). According to the year season, the way of stabling, the sex and the age. The comparison measured five different body parts in winter and in summer. The samples were taken during 24 months from 44 horses every two months. Each sample contained 100 hairs per horse. The samples were taken from the neck. The review of the summer and the winter coat was made of five different body parts {--} the neck, the shoulder blades, the stomach, the saddle and the hip joint. The hair length was measured by the slide rule. The measuring instrument Lanier, which was 500 bigger. The hair number per 1 cm{$^2$} gave the coat thickness.

Orientador: Ines Joekes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T16:00:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nakano_AdelinoKaoru_M.pdf: 3001437 bytes, checksum: d19d1ebea675ebeb70ecdbcdd1a74251 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Os cabelos humanos exercem um papel importante do ponto de vista social: reforçam a auto-estima e enquadram o indivíduo num determinado grupo de pessoas, cultura ou etnia, além do apelo estético e sexual. Dentro dos hábitos da população humana, são usados vários agentes de tratamento que interagem com os diversos tipos cabelo de forma a melhorar sua aparência estética. No entanto, esses tratamentos geralmente promovem algum grau de danificação que compromete a estrutura da fibra capilar. Atualmente há poucos trabalhos na literatura científica que demonstrem efeitos comparativos de danificações em tipos diferentes de cabelos (caucasiano afro-americano e oriental). Em vista da ausência de dados consistentes comparativos entre os diversos tipos de cabelos e as danificações promovidas e, considerando que essas informações possuem relevância para futuras pesquisas de base, esse projeto visa: comparar os vários tipos de cabelo na forma inata (virgem) e verificar e comparar danificações para os mesmos cabelos sob ação de diversos agentes agressivos. Os cabelos afro-americano (este denominado apenas como crespo), caucasiano e oriental, foram submetidos a danificações através de exposição à radiação de uma lâmpada de arco-xenônio, descoloração e processo de alisamento/permanente. Nesses dois últimos processos, foram utilizados produtos comerciais e a aplicação foi realizada conforme orientação do fabricante. A quantificação dos danos ao cabelo foi realizada através da análise das propriedades mecânicas do cabelo (curvas de tensão-deformação) e medidas de cor (espectrofotometria de reflectância difusa). A comparação entre os diversos tipos de cabelo na forma virgem mostra que eles possuem propriedades mecânicas diferenciadas entre si. O cabelo caucasiano possui maior tensão na força máxima, alongamento máximo e módulo de elasticidade. O cabelo crespo possui comportamento inverso. As danificações mostram que os cabelos possuem diferentes comportamentos perante aos agentes agressivos. Entretanto, a tendência dos resultados nas propriedades mecânicas e cor do cabelo é semelhante. Eles possuem menores valores de alongamento máximo e tensão na força máxima. Dentre as diversas danificações, o cabelo crespo apresentou ser o que sofre maiores danificações aos processos utilizados nesse trabalho em vista dos resultados obtidos, enquanto que o cabelo oriental é o que obteve menor índice de alteração em suas propriedades mecânicas. / Abstract: Healthy human hair is socially important to self-esteem and to asses belonging to a certain group, culture or ethnic, besides the aesthetic and sexual appeal. Among the human population habits, several treatment agents are used to interact with the diverse types of hair to improve its aesthetical appearance. However. these treatments generally promote a certain degree of damage that can compromise the hair structure. Nowadays, few studies reported in the literature demonstrate the comparative effects of danification among different hair types (caucasian, afroamerican and mongol). Considering the absence of consistent comparative data among the diverse hair types and the danification processes and this information have relevancy for future base-research, this project aims: comparing the different hair types in the innate form (virgin) and comparing the danification of different aggressive agents on the same hair types. The diverse hair types were submitted to danifications through solar exposition (light emission by a xenon arc lamp), bleaching and straightening/eurling process. On these last two processes, it was used commercially available products and the applications were performed according to the manufacturer's direction. The quantification of the hair damage was performed through the mechanical properties analysis of the hair fiber (tensile-strength curves) and color measurements (diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry ). The comparison among several hair types in the virgin form shows that they have rnechanical properties that differentiate to each other. The Caucasian hair has the largest tensile strength, rnaximum elongation and elasticity rnodulus. Inversely, the curly hair has minor values. The danification shows that difIerent hair type has different behavior to aggressive agents. However, the tendency on the mechanical properties and hair color results is similar. Generally, lower values for maximum elongation and tensile strength are observed. Among the several forms of danification, the afro-american hair shows the major damages to the processes used in this project, by the analysis of the obtained results. On the other hand, the oriental hair obtained less index of alteration in its mechanical properties. / Mestrado / Físico-Química / Mestre em Química

This thesis work focuses on how to create realistic looking hair using only the vanilla version of Autodesk Maya. It describes two approaches, the widely used polygon-stripe based technique and the Maya built-in nHair. It also evaluates these two approaches in terms of ease of implementation, production speed and quality of final results. The conclusion is that nHair has the potential to produce realistic looking hair but contains various bugs and is not optimized at the current stage, while the polygon-stripe based approach is robust and flexible but the realism of rendering results is heavily dependent upon the skill level of artists.

The hair cycle represents a dynamic process during which a complex mini- organ, the hair follicle, rhythmically regresses and regenerates. The control mechanism that governs the hair cycle ('hair cycle clock') is thought to be an autonomous oscillator system, however, its exact nature is not known. This thesis aims to understand the human hair cycle as a systems biology problem using theoretical and experimental techniques in three distinct study approaches. Using mathematical modelling, a simple two-compartment model of the human hair cycle was developed. The model concentrates on the growth control of matrix keratinocytes, a key cell population responsible for hair growth, and bi-directional communication between these cells and the inductive fibroblasts of the dermal papilla. A bistable switch and feedback inhibition produces key characteristics of human hair cycle dynamics. This study represents the first mathematically formulated theory of the 'hair cycle clock'.A second chronobiological approach was adopted to explore the molecular control of the human hair follicle by a peripheral clock mechanism. The hypothesis was tested that selected circadian clock genes regulate the human hair cycle, namely the clinically crucial follicle transformation from organ growth (anagen) to organ regression (catagen). This revealed that intra- follicular expression of core clock and clock-controlled genes display a circadian rhythm and is hair cycle-dependent. Knock-down of Period1 and Clock promotes anagen maintenance, hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation and stimulates hair follicle pigmentation. This provides the first evidence that peripheral Period1 and Clock gene activity is a component of the human 'hair cycle clock' mechanism. Lastly, an unbiased gene expression profiling approach was adopted to establish important genes and signalling pathways that regulate the human hair cycle. This revealed that similar genes and pathways previously shown to control the murine hair cycle in vivo, such as Sgk3, Msx2 and the BMP pathway, are also differentially regulated during the anagen-catagen transformation of human hair follicles. In summary, by using a three-pronged systems biology approach, the thesis has shed new light on the control of human hair follicle cycling and has generated clinically relevant information: a) The hair cycle model may predict how hair cycle modulatory agents alter human hair growth. b) Period1 and Clock are new therapeutic targets for human hair growth manipulation. c) Gene expression profiling points to additional key players in human hair cycle control with potential for future therapeutic targets.

Hårfollikeln är en struktur som hittas hos alla däggdjur. Hår skyddar kroppen från UV-ljus, medverkar i kroppens värmereglering och har flera kommunikativa funktioner. Hårets varierande färg inom och mellan arter är både en fascinerande och intresseväckande egenskap som länge har studerats som en modell för genetisk nedärvning. I denna litteraturstudie ges en genomgång av hårfollikelns struktur och funktion, genetiken bakom hårets pigmentering samt didaktiska utmaningar i genetikundervisningen. Interaktioner mellan generna MC1R, ASIP (agouti) och POMC förklaras och exemplifieras. Dessutom diskuteras hur fårfollikeln och de pigmentreglerande generna kan användas i gymnasieskolan som ett exempel för komplicerade genetiska interaktioner. / The hair follicle is a structure found in all mammals. Hair protects the body from UV-induced damage, assists the body in its thermoregulation and has several communicative functions. The great variation in hair colour, both within and between species, is a captivating and intriguing trait that has been used as a model for genetic inheritance for a long time. This literature review features the structure and function of the hair follicle, the genetics behind the pigmentation of the hair as well as didactic challenges in teaching genetics. Interactions between the genes MC1R, ASIP (agouti) and POMC is both explained and illustrated. This review also discusses how the hair follicle and the genes regulating pigmentation can be used as an example of intricate genetic interactions in the upper secondary school. / <p>På grund av Covid-19 skedde presentation, opponering och respondering skriftligt på distans.</p>

Cat hair receptors were studied to determine whether they could be distinguished by the following receptive field characteristics: thickness of innervated guard hairs, distance between innervated follicles and receptive field size. Initially the receptors were classified as G1, GI, G2 or D on the basis of their velocity requirements for excitation, their degree of linear directionality, their vibrational sensitivity, and whether they were activated by movement of down hairs. It was found that the thickest guard hairs on the posterior aspect of a cat's hindleg were usually 4-5 times thicker than the thinnest guard hairs from the same area and that G1, GI and G2 neurons innervated the full range of guard hair thicknesses available. Although there was a tendency for thicker guard hairs to be more heavily innervated, none of the neurons studied innervated thick guard hairs exclusively. While movement of the down hair and most guard hairs within D-mechanoreceptive fields easily evoked activity, a few guard hairs were regularly found for which mechanical displacement did not elicit a discharge even though they were well within the receptive field. Receptive field sizes and nearest neighbor distances between innervated follicles were smaller for D than for G1, GI and G2 receptors and greater for G1 than GI and G2 receptors.

The study seeks to gain a better understanding of the term "going natural" in regards to women with natural African American hair. The study also seeks to understand natural hair and reclaiming a positive perspective of acceptance and natural appearance. The study will give light to what it is to have natural hair in present day and calls upon the experience of the Black woman on her journey with her hair and her past.

The epochal musical Hair is based predominantly on the actions and reactions to the cultural and societal occurrences of the Sixties. So, what can be done to help in the understanding of this historic musical? The answer: to produce an annotated text of the musical that will offer support to director and cast. The study consists of four chapters; the first, an introduction to the study; the second, a historical review (1960-1970); the third, the annotations which seeks to identify and explain all unfamiliar or unusual words, cultural obscurities, or personalities that might confuse, or otherwise mislead a full and comprehensive understanding of the author's original concept; and fourth, the worldwide performances of Hair and revivals after the original Broadway production.

Hair disorders cause significant distress. The main, but limited, treatment for hair loss is minoxidil, an ATP-­sensitive potassium (KATP) channel opener whose mechanism of stimulation is unclear. The regulatory component of KATP channels has three forms: SUR1, SUR2A and SUR2B which all respond to different molecules. Minoxidil only opens SUR2B channels, though SUR1 and SUR2B are present in human hair follicles. To expand our understanding, the red deer hair follicle model was used initially. Deer follicles expressed the same KATP channel genes as human follicles when growing (anagen), but no channels were detected in resting follicles. This reinforces the importance of KATP channels in active hair growth and the usefulness of the deer model. To assess whether SUR1 KATP channels are actually involved in human hair growth, the effects of a selective SUR1 channel opener, NNC55-­9216, on scalp follicle growth in organ culture was examined. NNC55-­9216 stimulated anagen; its effect was augmented by minoxidil. This creates the potential for more effective pharmaceuticals to treat hair loss via SUR1 channels, either alone or in combination with minoxidil. The dermal papilla plays a crucial regulatory role in hair follicle activity determining the type of hair produced. Minoxidil had no effect on dermal papilla cell proliferation, but altered the profile of proteins produced when assessed by proteomics. Further research into the roles of KATP channels and greater understanding of the significance of these protein changes should enhance our knowledge of hair biology and help the development of new, improved therapies for hair pathologies.

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