No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Student persistence has long been valued by higher education administrators (Glynn, Sauer, & Miller, 2003). Persistence rates are significantly impacted by student interaction (Tinto, 1975). The environment can have a major influence on how students interact with one another (Lewin, 1936). One way in which the environment can influence interactions is by a building design (Strange & Banning, 2001), including residence hall building design. Despite theories that building design impacts interactions, there is little research that explores how student interaction is influenced as a result of residence hall building design.The purpose of this study was to understand how residence hall spaces that differ by architectural style impact college student interactions. Specifically, this study examined the interactions that took place among residents in traditional and suite style residence halls. For purposes of this study, an interaction was defined as face-to-face contact between two or more individuals that was more significant than a simple greeting.The results of the study first revealed that residents of traditional and suite style residence halls have mostly social interactions in their hall. Secondly, the results revealed that students in traditional style residence halls have an easy time meeting other people in their residence hall environment. Lastly, the results showed that students who live in suite style residence halls have a more difficult time meeting other members of their community. / Master of Arts

This thesis discusses the recent developments to the electric propulsion plume code DRACO as well as a validation and sensitivity analysis of the code using data from an AFRL experiment using a Busek 200 W Hall Thruster. DRACO is a PIC code that models particles kinematically while using finite differences schemes to solve the electric potential and field. The DRACO code has been recently modified to improve simulation results, functionality and performance. A particle source has been added that uses the Hall Thruster device code HPHall as input for a source to model Hall Thrusters. The code is now also capable of using a non-uniform mesh that uses any combination of uniform, linear and exponential stretching schemes in any of the three directions. A stretched mesh can be used to refine simulation results in certain areas, such as the exit of a thruster, or improve performance by reducing the number of cells in a mesh. Finally, DRACO now has the capability of using a DSMC collision scheme as well as performing recombination collisions. A sensitivity analysis of the newly upgraded DRACO code was performed to test the new functionalities of the code as well as validate the code using experimental data gathered at AFRL using a Busek 200 W Hall Thruster. A simulation was created that attempts to numerically recreate the AFRL experiment and the validation is performed by comparing the plasma potential, polytropic temperature, ion number density of the thruster plume as well as Faraday and ExB probe results. The study compares the newly developed HPHall source with older source models and also compares the variations of the HPHall source. The field solver and collision model used are also compared to determine how to achieve the best results using the DRACO code. Finally, both uniform and non-uniform meshes are tested to determine if a non-uniform mesh can be properly implemented to improve simulation results and performance. The results from the validation and sensitivity study show that the DRACO code can be used to recreate a vacuum chamber simulation using a Hall Thruster. The best results occur when the newly developed HPHall source is used with a MCC collision scheme using a projected background neutral density and CEX collision tracking. A stretched mesh was tested and proved results that are as accurate as a uniform mesh, if not more accurate in locations of high mesh refinement. / Master of Science

Dans le procédé Hall-Héroult, les produits carbonés tels que les anodes de carbone et la pâte à brasquer sont des composants essentiels du processus d'électrolyse. Ils sont produits en quantités massives le long d'une chaîne de production, dont le processus de mise en forme est l'une des étapes essentielles qui influencent la qualité finale de ces produits. Des produits de carbone bien compactés sont nécessaires pour augmenter l'efficacité du procédé d'électrolyse, diminuer la surconsommation de carbone, augmenter le rendement électrique et diminuer les émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Ce projet a deux objectifs principaux ; le premier est d'étudier expérimentalement le comportement d'une pâte de carbone à température ambiante soumise à des charges de compactage afin d'identifier l'effet des paramètres de chargement (taux de déformation et niveau de contrainte) sur sa densification. Le second objectif est de développer une loi constitutive capable de prédire la variation de densité de la pâte de carbone tout au long des essais de compactage cycliques. La thèse débute par deux études expérimentales du comportement d'une pâte de carbone à température ambiante soumise à différents types de chargement de compactage. Tous les essais ont été réalisés en utilisant le même dispositif expérimental qui consiste en un moule à paroi mince monté sur une presse hydraulique. La pâte de carbone étant considérée comme un matériau viscoélastique dans les travaux de modélisation trouvés dans la littérature, la première étude expérimentale a commencé par une série d'essais de relaxation. Chaque essai était effectué à une densité imposée différente. La densité souhaitée pendant la relaxation a été obtenue par un précompactage monotone des échantillons. Les résultats de ces essais ont montré un comportement fortement dépendant du temps de la pâte de carbone pendant la relaxation, avec une réduction de cette dépendance pour des densités imposées plus élevées. Sur la base de ces derniers résultats, la dépendance du comportement de la pâte de carbone en fonction du temps pendant le compactage monotone a été étudiée par une série d'essais de compactage monotone avec différents taux de déplacement allant de 1 mm/s à 100 mm/s. Les résultats ont montré que lorsque le taux de déplacement est inférieur à 5 mm/s, il n'a aucun effet sur le comportement de la pâte de carbone pendant le compactage. Par contre, les échantillons qui ont été compactés avec des taux de déplacement plus élevés (50 mm/s et 100 mm/s) ont montré une capacité de densification plus faible que les échantillons compactés avec des taux de déplacement plus faibles, sachant qu'ils ont tous été soumis au même niveau de contrainte maximale. Ensuite, le comportement de la pâte de carbone soumise à des essais de compactage cyclique a été étudié. Plus précisément, l'effet de l'amplitude maximale de déplacement a été déterminé en effectuant une série de tests de compactage cyclique avec des amplitudes maximales de déplacement allant de 0,25 mm à 2 mm. Les résultats de ces tests ont révélé que la contrainte maximale requise pour atteindre la densité cible est plus faible lorsque l'amplitude de déplacement est plus faible. De plus, un comportement de durcissement des échantillons a été observé dès le début de chaque cycle et passe à un comportement de ramollissement lorsque la densité de l'échantillon pendant le cycle en cours atteint une valeur égale à la densité maximale enregistrée lors du cycle précédent. La première étude expérimentale a été terminée par une série de tests de vibrocompactage avec une amplitude de contrainte maximale constante de 1 MPa, chaque test étant effectué à une fréquence différente allant de 0,1 Hz à 7 Hz. Ces tests ont mis en évidence l'effet de la fréquence, montrant que plus la fréquence augmente, plus il faut de cycles pour atteindre la densité cible. En outre, des tests de rigidité effectués sur les échantillons qui ont été vibrocompactés pour atteindre la densité cible ont montré qu'ils avaient tous la même rigidité finale, quelle que soit la fréquence utilisée pendant le vibrocompactage. Pour étudier l'effet de l'amplitude de contrainte maximale, de la vitesse de déformation et du niveau de déchargement sur le comportement de la pâte de carbone soumise à des chargements cycliques, une deuxième étude expérimentale a été réalisée. Cette deuxième étude a commencé par une série d'essais de compactage cyclique, chaque essai étant effectué à une amplitude de contrainte maximale différente allant de 0,5 MPa à 1,5 MPa. Chaque essai avec une contrainte maximale définie a été effectué trois fois à différents taux de déplacement (1 mm/s, 5 mm/s et 10 mm/s). L'effet de la contrainte maximale et de la vitesse de déplacement sur la forme de l'hystérésis contrainte-déformation et sur l'évolution de la déformation permanente en fonction du nombre de cycles a été examiné. Les résultats ont montré que le taux de déplacement n'avait aucun effet sur la forme de l'hystérésis contrainte-déformation ni sur l'évolution de la déformation permanente en fonction du numéro du cycle. D'autre part, en observant la pente de la courbe contrainte-déformation, on a constaté que deux échantillons de même densité et soumis à des contraintes maximales différentes pendant le compactage n'ont pas la même rigidité. Une rigidité plus faible est trouvée pour les échantillons compactés avec des contraintes plus élevées. En ce qui concerne l'effet du numéro du cycle sur la rigidité de la pâte de carbone, les échantillons qui ont été compactés avec des contraintes maximales différentes et soumis au même nombre de cycles, ont la même rigidité (c'est-à-dire la pente des courbes de contrainte-déformation) malgré le fait qu'ils ont chacun une densité différente. Une deuxième série d'essais de compactage a été réalisée pour examiner l'effet du niveau de déchargement sur le comportement de la pâte de carbone lors d'essais de compactage cyclique. Pour cela, deux séries d'essais cycliques ont été réalisées, les essais de chaque série ayant la même amplitude de contrainte maximale (série 1 : MPa, série 2 : 1,5 MPa), mais des contraintes minimales différentes allant de 0,1 MPa à 0,5 MPa. La comparaison des résultats des essais réalisés avec la même contrainte maximale a montré que les essais avec une amplitude de contrainte minimale plus faible présentaient une déformation permanente plus importante en fonction du nombre de cycles. Enfin, une étude numérique basée sur les résultats des études expérimentales 1 et 2 a été réalisée. Une loi constitutive basée sur la théorie de la plasticité endochronique couplée à l'élasticité non linéaire a été choisie pour représenter le comportement indépendant du temps de la pâte de carbone soumise à une compaction cyclique. Des modifications ont été appliquées à la théorie originale endochronique pour prendre en compte le changement majeur de la densité de la pâte de carbone qui conduit à des changements significatifs dans les propriétés élastiques de la pâte et sa capacité à subir des déformations permanentes pendant la compaction cyclique. Ensuite, les paramètres de la loi constitutive développée ont été identifiés à partir des résultats de la deuxième étude expérimentale. Des simulations numériques d'essais cycliques avec plusieurs niveaux de contrainte maximale ont été réalisées. Un bon accord entre les résultats expérimentaux et numériques a été montré, ce qui confirme la capacité de la théorie endochronique à prédire l'évolution de la densité de la pâte de carbone pendant le chargement cyclique. / In the Hall-Héroult process, carbon products such as carbon anodes and ramming paste are essential components of the electrolysis process. They are produced in massive quantities along a production line, of which the shaping process is one of the essential steps that influence the final quality of these products. Well compacted carbon products are required to increase the efficiency of the electrolysis process, to decrease carbon overconsumption, to increase electrical efficiency, and to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. This project has two main objectives, the first is to investigate experimentally the behaviour of a room-temperature carbon paste subjected to compaction loadings in order to identify the effect of loading parameters (strain rate and stress level) on its densification. The second objective is to develop a constitutive behaviour law that is able to predict the density variation of the carbon paste throughout cyclic compaction tests. The thesis starts with two experimental studies of the behaviour of a room-temperature carbon paste subjected to different compaction loadings. All the tests were carried out using the same experimental set-up which consists of a thin-walled mould mounted on a hydraulic press. As carbon paste is considered a viscoelastic material in the modelling works found in the literature, the first experimental study started with a series of relaxation tests, each test being performed at a different imposed density. The desired density during relaxation was obtained by monotone pre-compaction of the paste. The results of these tests showed a highly time-dependent behaviour of the carbon paste during relaxation, with a reduction in this dependence at higher imposed densities. Driven by these latter results, the dependence of the carbon paste behaviour on time during monotone compaction was investigated by a series of monotone compaction tests with different displacement rates ranging from 1 mm/s to 100 mm/s. The results showed that when the displacement rate is less than 5 mm/s, it has no effect on the behaviour of the carbon paste during the compaction. On the other hand, the samples that were compacted with higher displacement rates (50 mm/s and 100 mm/s) showed a lower capacity of densification than the samples compacted with lower displacement rates, even though they were all subjected to the same level of maximum stress. Afterwards, the behaviour of the carbon paste subjected to cyclic compaction tests was studied. Specifically, the effect of the maximum displacement amplitude was determined by performing a series of cyclic compaction tests with maximum displacement amplitudes ranging from 0.25 mm to 2 mm. The results of these tests revealed that the maximum stress required to achieve the target density is lower when the displacement amplitude is lower. Furthermore, a hardening behaviour of the samples was observed from the start of each cycle which changes to a softening behaviour when the sample density during the current cycle reaches a value equal to the maximum density recorded in the previous cycle. The first experimental study was completed with a series of vibro-compaction tests with a constant maximum stress amplitude of 1 MPa, with each test performed at a different frequency ranging from 0.1 Hz to 7 Hz. These tests have highlighted the effect of frequency, showing that as frequency increases more cycles are required to reach the target density. In addition, stiffness tests carried out on samples that were vibro-compacted to reach the target density have shown that they all have the same final stiffness regardless of the frequency used during vibro-compaction. To study the effect of the maximum stress amplitude, the strain rate, and the unloading level on the behaviour of the carbon paste subjected to cyclic loadings a second experimental study was done. The second experimental study started by a series of cyclic compaction tests with each test performed at a different maximum stress amplitude ranging from 0.5 MPa to 1.5 MPa. Each test with a definite maximum stress was performed three times at different displacement rates (1 mm/s, 5 mm/s, and 10 mm/s). The effect of the maximum stress and the displacement rate on the shape of the stress-strain hysteresis and on the evolution of the permanent deformation in function of the cycle number were examined. The results showed that the displacement rate had no effect on the shape of the stress-strain hysteresis nor on the evolution of the permanent deformation as a function of the number of cycles. On the other hand, by observing the slope of the stress-strain curve, it was found that two samples with the same density and subjected to different maximum stresses during compaction do not have the same stiffness, as lower stiffness is found for the samples compacted with higher stresses. Furthermore, samples that have been compacted with different maximum stresses but have been subjected to the same number of cycles have the same stiffness (i.e., slope of stress-strain curves) despite the fact that they each have a different density. A second series of compaction tests was carried out to examine the effect of the level of unloading on the behaviour of the carbon paste under cyclic compaction tests. To this end, two series of cyclic tests were carried out, with the tests in each series having the same maximum stress amplitude (series 1: MPa, series 2: 1.5 MPa) but different minimum stresses ranging from 0.1 MPa to 0.5 MPa. Comparison of the results of the tests carried out with the same maximum stress showed that the tests with a lower minimum stress amplitude showed a higher permanent deformation as a function of the number of cycles. Finally, a numerical study based on the results of experimental studies 1 and 2 was done. A constitutive behaviour law based on the endochronic plasticity theory coupled with non-linear elasticity was chosen to represent the time-independent behaviour of carbon paste subjected to cyclic compaction. Modifications have been applied to the original endochronic theory to take into account the major change in the density of the carbon paste which leads to significant changes in the elastic properties of the paste and its ability to undergo permanent deformations during cyclic compaction. Afterwards, the parameters of the developed constitutive law were identified from the results of the second experimental study and numerical simulations of cyclic tests with several levels of maximum stress were made. A good agreement between the experimental and numerical results was shown which confirms the ability of the endochronic theory to predict the evolution of carbon paste density during cyclic loading.

On considère un analogue électronique de l'interféromètre de Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM), dans lequel deux électrons uniques propagent selon des états de bords chiraux opposés et rentrent en collision au niveau d'un point contact quantique. En étudiant le bruit de courant, on montre qu'en raison des interactions entre les canaux co-propageant, le degré d'indistinctibilité entre deux paquets d'ondes électroniques est dramatiquement réduit, ce qui résulte en un contraste réduit pour le signal HOM. Ce phénomène de décohérence dépend fortement de la résolution en énergie des paquets. Étant donné que les interactions provoquent la fractionalisation de la charge, on montre que le mode de charge et le mode neutre interfèrent l'un avec l'autre, ce qui crée des creux ou des pics satellites dans le bruit de courant. Nos calculs expliquent de récents résultats expérimentaux qui révèlent un signal électronique HOM avec un contraste réduit. / We consider an electronic analog of the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometer, where two single electrons travel along opposite chiral edge states and collide at a Quantum Point Contact. Studying the current noise, we show that because of interactions between co-propagating edge states, the degree of indistinguishability between the two electron wavepackets is dramatically reduced, leading to reduced contrast for the HOM signal. This decoherence phenomenon strongly depends on the energy resolution of the packets. Insofar as interactions cause charge fractionalization, we show that charge and neutral modes interfere with each other, leading to satellite dips or peaks in the current noise. Our calculations explain recent experimental results where an electronic HOM signal with reduced contrast was observed.

Nesta tese, apresentamos estudos de magnetotransporte em poços quânticos duplos (DQWs) a campos magnéticos de baixo e sob a aplicação de um campo elétrico externo (potencial de porta). Medidas de magnetorresistência foram realizadas tanto no regime linear quanto no regime não linear. Relatamos a observação de oscilações magnéticas de inter-sub-banda (MIS) pela primeira vez. Estas oscilações MIS já foram estudadas em poços quânticos simples (QWs) com duas sub-bandas ocupadas; um DQW´e o sistema mais apropriado para o estudo das oscilações MIS. As oscilações MIS são atribuídas ao espalhamento inter-sub-banda, e a intensidade delas depende da largura da barreira (relacionada ao gap de energia entre as duas sub-bandas ocupadas, SAS). O estudo das oscilações MIS é uma ferramenta importante para poder acessar ao tempo de vida quântico dos elétrons a temperaturas onde as oscilações Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) já não são observadas. Em nossas amostras, as oscilações MIS persistem até 25 K. Explicamos estes resultados num modelo teórico considerando um potencial de espalhamento de curto alcance com uma contribuição significativa do tempo de espalhamento elástico dos elétrons e uma contribuição do espalhamento elétron-elétron (e-e) com o aumento da temperatura. A aplicação de um campo elétrico externo (correntes dc) modifica fortemente as oscilações MIS. Descrevemos este efeito não linear causado pelo campo elétrico dc com uma função de distribuição oscilatória. Considerando o aquecimento dos elétrons pelo campo elétrico, é extraído o tempo de espalhamento inelástico. Para correntes dc grandes são encontradas discrepâncias entre o experimento e a teoria. Finalmente, consideramos medidas de magnetotransporte como função de potenciais de porta (porta na superficie) levando ao desbalance do DQW. Encontramos que as contribuições clássica e quântica são necessárias para a descrição teórica da magnetorresistência. Descrevemos as contribuições da magnetorresistência em termos das taxas de espalhamento inter e intra sub-banda utilizando uma função gaussiana como função da correlação do potencial. / In this thesis we present studies of magnetotransport in double quantum wells (DQWs) in low magnetic fields and under application of an external electric field (gate potential). Measurements of magnetoresistance have been carried out in both linear and non-linear regime. We report on the observation of magneto-intersubband (MIS) oscillations for the first time. These MIS oscillations have been studied already in quantum wells (QWs) with two occupied subbands, DQW is the most convenient system for studies of MIS oscillations. They are attributed to intersubband scattering and the strength of MIS oscillations depends on the barrier width (´delta´SAS). Analysis of MIS oscillations is an important tool to access quantum lifetime of electrons at high temperatures where Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations are already absent. For our samples, MIS oscillations still exist up to 25 K. We explain these results in a theoretical model considering short-range scattering potential with a significant contribution of el´astic scattering time of electrons and a contribution of electron-electron (e-e) scattering if one increases temperature. Application of an external electric field (here a dc currents) strongly modifies the MIS oscillations. We describe this non-linear effect caused by a dc electric field with nonequilibrium part of the electron distribution function. Including the heating of electrons by the electric field, we are able to extract inelastic scattering time. For a strong dc current, a discrepancy between experiment and theory is found. Finally, we consider gate-dependent (top gate) magnetotransport measurements and drive de DQWs out of balance. We find that both cl´assical and quantum contributions are necessary for theoretical description of the magnetoresistance. We express both contributions in terms of inter and intrasubband scattering rates using a gaussian function as correlation function of the potential.

Os medidores de vazão contribuem de forma significante para a otimização industrial onde o deslocamento contínuo de massa é parte integrante do sistema produtivo, sendo, portanto, cruciais para a indústria permitindo assim padronizar produtos e automatizar ações reduzindo a força de trabalho humana e minimizando erros. Este é o caso da produção de palatabilizantes, substâncias produzidas a partir da hidrólise enzimática da proteína animal para conferir aroma e sabor aos alimentos, onde existe um deslocamento continuo de massa com dosagem de fluidos acionadas em várias etapas do processo. Podem-se destacar duas etapas principais: a etapa onde ocorre a dosagem de soluções alcalinas para a hidrólise enzimática e a etapa onde ocorre a acidificação para garantir a segurança microbiológica do produto. No trabalho em questão foi desenvolvido e analisado um medidor de vazão de turbina por sensoriamento via efeito Hall, para determinar a vazão volumétrica de fludos no processo produtivo de palatabilizantes. O sistema utilizado na avaliação do medidor de vazão foi desenvolvido em escala piloto. A calibração do medidor permitiu-se calcular o fator K (coeficiente do medidor) tanto para água, onde o coeficiente foi de 5,5, quanto para palatabilizantes, onde o coeficiente calculado foi de 7. A partir dos dados obtidos pelo medidor de vazão pode-se observar um alto nível de correlação dos dados. O medidor de vazão apresentou-se eficaz para os fluidos testados (água e palatabilizante); e, com uma precisão de ± 2%, mostra-se uma alternativa viável para o processo de produção de palatabilizantes. / Flowmeters contribute significantly to the industrial optimization where mass continuous displacement is an integral part of the production system, is therefore crucial for the industry allowing standardize products and automate actions reducing human labor and minimizing errors. This is the case of the production of flavors, substances produced from the enzymatic hydrolysis of animal protein to impart flavor and aroma to food, where there is a continuous mass displacement with fluids dosage triggered in several process steps. They can point out two main steps: a step where dosing occurs alkaline solutions for enzymatic hydrolysis and acidification stage which takes place to ensure the microbiological safety of the product. At work in question was developed and analyzed a turbine flowmeter for sensing via Hall effect to determine the volumetric flow fludos in the production of palatability process. The system used to assess the flow meter was developed on a pilot scale. The meter calibration allowed to calculate the K factor (the ratio meter) for both water where the ratio was 5.5, and for palatability, where the coefficient was calculated 7. From the data obtained by the flowmeter one can observe a high degree of correlation of the data. The flowmeter is made effective for the tested fluids (water and palatability); and with an accuracy of ± 2%, there is shown a viable alternative for the production of flavors process.

Le sujet de cette thèse concerne le transport en alternatif à basse fréquence dans les états de bords de l'effet Hall quantique. L'objet d'étude est la partie imaginaire de l'admittance, inductive ou capacitive, des échantillons de Hall. Dans un gaz d'électrons bidimensionnel, le transport à très basse température sous champ magnétique quantifiant, se fait dans des canaux de bord unidimensionnels. Ces canaux ont une capacité quantique propre et sont par ailleurs couplés par l'interaction électrostatique.Nos échantillons sont fabriqués à partir d'hétérojonctions GaAlAs/GaAs et n'ont pas de grille pour n'exhiber que leur propriétés capacitives intrinsèques. Deux topologies sont étudiées dans cette thèse : les barres de Hall et les Corbinos, de géométrie circulaire. La topologie permet de distinguer 2 comportements dans le transport en alternatif.Sont d'abord présentées les mesures à l'impédancemètre de la partie imaginaire de l'impédance et les spectres de réactance, pour les barres de Hall en fonction de la fréquence. Nous utilisons des mesures 3 points ou bien 2 points, mais toujours en 4 fils, et révélons la nature inductive des état de bords. Nous montrons que l'inductance est inversement proportionnelle à la densité d'état, comme le prévoit le calcul de l'inductance quantique d'un canal 1D. Le formalisme de Buttiker permet en outre de comprendre cette dépendance en terme de capacité mutuelle des états de bords.Nous mesurons également la partie imaginaire de l'admittance et traçons les spectres de susceptance des Corbinos, qui s'avèrent être des capacités parfaites. Nos résultats s'interprètent en faisant intervenir la capacité quantique des états de bords.Enfin, nous montrons que l'effet Hall dans un échantillon type barre, peut être vu comme l'effet d'apparition d'une inductance, et ceci même à haute température. Cette inductance cinétique est le résultat de l'augmentation du temps de dissipation de l'énergie sur les phonons, avec le champ magnétique. / In a two dimensional electron gas, low energy transport in presence of a magnetic field occurs in chiral 1D channels located on the edges of the sample. In the Buttiker’s description of a.c. quantum transport, the “emittance” determines the amplitude of the imaginary part of the admittance, whose sign and physical meaning are determined by the topology: in the case of an Hall bar the emittance is an inductance, while it is a capacitance in the case of a corbino sample.Emittance is related to the density of states and to the drift velocity of carriers. So quantum capacitances and inductances give access to the velocity of the charge carriers through the transit time/dwell time of charges in the quantum circuit.We performed systematic studies on samples with different topologies : Hall bars and Corbino disks. Our samples have no gate, which makes us able to observe the inner properties of the quantum states. We have measured the ac admittance of quantum Hall samples using standard electrical techniques in the [0.1-100] kHz frequency range, at low temperature under high magnetic field.We measured kinetic inductances of Hall bars with three contacts and showed the perfect inductive nature of edge states. We measured quantum capacitances of Corbino disks as well. In both topologies we observed the close relation between the emittance and the density of states. We show also the proportionality between the emittance and the length of the circuit. We obtain the transit time of electrons through the device, and finally the drift velocity on edge states.At high temperature we still observe an inductive behavior of Hall bars, induced by increase of energy relaxation time with magnetic field.