Bakgrund: Kommunikation och informationsöverföring är enligt Socialstyrelsen (2020) ett riskområde inom hälso- och sjukvård. Ineffektiv överrapportering är en av de bidragande faktorerna till att vårdskador uppstår och därmed ett riskfyllt moment ur ett patientsäkerhetsperspektiv. Rapporten kan ske skriftligt, muntligt och bedside, till hjälp finns strukturerade kommunikationsverktyg. SBAR är ett sådant kommunikationsverktyg som både SKR (2020) och Socialstyrelsen (2020) rekommenderar. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien är att kartlägga sjuksköterskors upplevelser av överrapportering på vårdavdelning och akutmottagning, samt hur det kan påverka patientsäkerhet. Metod: Litteraturstudie av 10 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats som hämtats från två olika databaser med inriktning omvårdnad. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes för att analysera artiklarna. För att kvalitetsgranska artiklarna användes SBU:s mall för kvalitetsgranskning av studier av kvalitativ forskningsmetodik. Resultat: Det framkom tre teman och åtta underkategorier efter innehållsanalysen. Det första temat var Interaktion vid överrapportering med underkategorierna Kommunikation & Relationer och ansvar. Det andra temat var Rapportens struktur, innehåll och kvalitet med underkategorierna Strukturerad överrapportering, Rapportens innehåll & Kvalitet på överrapporteringen. Det tredje och sista temat var Olika sätt att överrapportera med underkategorierna Muntlig överrapportering avskilt från patienten, Skriftlig överrapportering & Överrapportering Bedside. Konklusion: Denna litteraturstudie visade hur sjuksköterskor upplevde överrapportering på vårdavdelning och akutmottagning. Sjuksköterskorna upplevde överrapporteringen som värdefull för att planera det fortsatta arbetet och att den även bör vara väl strukturerad. Brister vid överrapportering kan leda till att patientsäkerhet äventyras och då även möjligheten till god omvårdnad. / Background: According to Socialstyrelsen (2020), communication and information transfer are a risk area within health and medical care. Ineffective handover is one of the contributing factors to healthcare injuries occurring and thus a risky element from a patient safety perspective. The report can be written, oral and bedside, there are structured communication tools to help. SBAR is such a communication tool that both SKR (2020) and Socialstyrelsen (2020) recommend. Aim: The aim for this literature study is to map nurses' experiences of handover on in-patient wards and emergency department, and how it could affect patient safety. Method: A literature study of ten qualitative scientific articles retrieved from two databases with a nursing focus. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the articles. To quality review the articles, SBU's template was used for quality review of studies of qualitative research methodology. Result: Three themes and eight subcategories emerged after content analysis. The first theme was Interaction during handover with the subcategories Communication and Relationships & responsibility. The second theme was The report's structure, content and quality with the subcategory Structured handover, Content of the handover and Quality of the handover. The third and last theme, Different ways to handover with the subcategory Verbal handover separated from the patient, Written handover and Bedside handover. Conclusion: This literature study showed how nurses experienced handover on in-patient wards and emergency department. The nurses experienced the handover as valuable for planning the continued work and that it should also be well structured. Shortcomings in handover that can lead to patient safety being jeopardized and then also the possibility of good nursing.

Bakgrund: Överrapporteringar vid skiftbyten mellan sjuksköterskor kan riskera i att viktig information går förlorad, vilket kan utgöra ett hot mot patientsäkerheten. Bedside-rapportering är en relativt ny rapporteringsmetod, och som ämnar stärka patientsäkerheten genom att möjliggöra för patienter att vara delaktiga i rapporteringen. På så sätt kan risken för misskommunikation reduceras, samtidigt som patienter upplever en ökad tillfredsställelse av vården.  Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att belysa vuxna patienters erfarenheter av bedside-rapportering. Metod: En litteraturstudie av kvalitativt data från 11 originalartiklar som har analyserats med tematisk analysmetod enligt Braun och Clarke.  Resultat: Två teman med respektive tre subteman identifierades. Första temat var betydelsen av delaktighet där patienters olika behov av att vara delaktig beskrevs samt hur information ingav säkerhet & trygghet samt en förbättrad relation till sjuksköterskan. Andra temat var försvårande faktorer där utmaningar i kommunikation beskrevs, men även bevarande av integritet samt utrymme för förbättrad rutin & praktik. Slutsats: Bedside-rapporteringen bidrog till en ökad patientdelaktighet såväl som patientsäkerhet, och var en viktig del av en personcentrerad vård. Dock behövs ökade kunskaper inom ämnet för att rapporteringsmetoden ska uppnå sin fulla potential. / Background: Handover at shift changes between nurses can be a risk factor for important information getting lost, which can pose a threat to patient safety. Bedside handover is a relatively new handover method, aiming to strengthen patient safety by making patients involved in the handover practice. In this way, the risk of miscommunication is reduced, while patients experience increased satisfaction with care.  Aim: The aim of this study was to highlight adult patients' experiences of bedside handover. Method: A literature study of qualitative data from 11 original articles were analyzed using thematic analysis method according to Braun and Clarke. Results: Two themes with three subthemes each were identified. The first theme was the importance of participation, where patients’ different needs of involvement were described and how information provided safety & security and an improved relationship with the nurse. The second theme was hindering factors where challenges in communication were described, together with preservation of integrity and room for improved routine & practice.  Conclusions: Bedside handover increased patient participation and patient safety and is an important part of person-centered care. However, increased knowledge is needed for the handover method to achieve its full potential.

Bakgrund: Överrapportering är en stor del av omvårdnaden och i planeringen av vården kring patienten. Det är en central del av sjuksköterskans arbetsuppgifter. Traditionellt sker rapporteringen i frånvaro av patienten och utan patientens delaktighet, trots att det handlar om patientens behov, resurser och vidare planering. Bedsiderapportering är en metod som sker tillsammans med patienten och patientens delaktighet blir en del av processen.Syfte: Studiens syfte är att beskriva patienters erfarenhet av bedsiderapportering i slutenvården.Metod: Litteraturstudien är baserad på tolv kvalitativa empiriska vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna har framtagits genom litteratursökning från databaserna Cinahl och PubMed och granskats enligt SBU:s kvalitetsgranskningsmall. Data analyserades i fyra steg i enlighet med Friberg (2022) för att identifiera relevanta tema vilket resulterade i en ny helhet.Resultat: Resultatet är presenterat i fyra huvudteman som är relaterat till syftet och beskriver patienternas erfarenheter. Dessa huvudtema är delaktighet, information, patientsäkerhet och brister. Utifrån dessa huvudteman har tio subtema skapas.Konklusion: Majoriteten av patienterna var positivt inställda till bedsiderapportering. Det bidrog till förbättrad patientsäkerhet och ökade patienternas delaktighet och involvering i vården. Patienterna upplevde att de blev välinformerade och hade möjlighet att ställa frågor och komplettera informationen som delgavs. Bedsiderapporteringen bidrog till att skapa relationer mellan sjuksköterska och patient. / Background: Reporting is a central part of the care and in the planning of care around the patient. This is an important part of the nurse's job. Traditionally, reporting takes place in the absence of the patient and without the patient's participation, even though it is about the patient's needs, resources, and further planning. Bedside handover is a method that takes place in the presence of the patient and the patient's participation becomes part of the process.Aim: The aim of the study is to describe patients' experience of bedside handover in inpatient care.Method: The literature study is based on twelve qualitative empirical scientific articles. The articles were produced from the Cinahl and PubMed databases and were reviewed according to SBU's quality review template. The data was analyzed in four steps in accordance with Friberg (2022) to identify relevant themes, which resulted in a new whole.Result: The result is presented in four main themes that are related to the purpose and describe the patients' experiences. These main themes are participation, information, patient safety and shortcomings. Based on these main themes, ten subthemes were created.Conclusion: Most patients were in favor of bedside handover. It contributed to improved patient safety and increased patients' participation and involvement in their care. Patients felt that they were well informed and had the opportunity to ask questions and supplement the information that was served. Bedside handover helped to create relationships between nurse and patient.

No / In this paper, the requirements for personal environments mobility are addressed from terminal and network perspectives. Practical mobility and Quality of Service (QoS) aware solutions are proposed for a heterogeneous network, comprising of satellite and terrestrial access networks connected to an IP core network. The aim, in adopting a heterogeneous environment, is to provide global, seamless service coverage to a specific area, allowing access to services independently of location. An important assumption is that nomadic user terminals attached to a particular segment should be able to exchange information with any other terminal connected to the network. This is to ensure transparency of device technology. Different communication scenarios are investigated in support of IPv4 and IPv6 operating on user platforms and over access segments. The heterogeneous network necessitates the need to perform handover between access segments to enable coverage extension and seamless connectivity. Handover procedures are analyzed, and an approach is presented that enables various operation and segment specific parameters to be taken into account when deciding upon the need to perform handover and in selecting the optimum access segment. In order to ensure transparency of network technology, the need for end-to-end QoS support is discussed, bearing in mind the deployment of both IntServ and DiffServ enabled routers in the core network. Following this, a new admission control scheme, named Gauge&Gate Reservation with Independent Probing (GRIP), is proposed. The paper concludes with a description of a laboratory testbed, which has been developed in order to verify the presented procedures, together with performance measurements of the handover and the GRIP algorithms.

No / In this paper a distributed handover optimized authentication scheme based on independent session key per access network (HOISKA) is developed for the decentralized multi-service group key management scheme over wireless mobile multicast. It enables a handover user Mi involved in multiple multicast service subscriptions to securely reuse the long term credential initially issued by the trusted authentication server (As) for deriving unique session keys per access network as it performs handover authentication across various access networks. The distributed nature of the scheme enables offloading the authentication function to the area network controllers (AKDs) such that As is not involved during handover exchange authentication signaling. This simplifies handover by reducing handover exchange signalling constituting to handover delays. Handover Access authentication (HAA) phase in HOISKA is presented then analyzed using the delay analytical model. The model proves efficacy by inducing minimum delays with less handover blocking probability while providing same level of security to the widely deployed handover authentication scheme.

No / In this paper a distributed authentication scheme based on independent session key per access network (HOISKA) is proposed for the decentralized multi-service group key management scheme in a wireless multicast environment. It enables a handover user Mi involved in multiple multicast service subscriptions to establish the long term credential from the trusted authentication server (As) during initial registration. The Mi then securely reuses the long term credential established to derive unique session keys per access network during handover across diverse access networks. The distributed nature HOISKA enables offloading the authentication function to the area network controllers (AKDs) such that As does not participate during handover authentication signalling. This simplifies handover by reducing handover exchange signalling constituting to less handover delays. Two scenarios for HOISKA, initial handover access (IAA) and Handover Access authentication (HAA) are presented then analyzed using the delay analytical model. The HOISKA model proves efficacy in both scenarios by inducing less transmission delays with comparable level of security compared to the widely deployed authentication scheme.

No / This paper proposes a novel call admission control (CAC) algorithm and develops a two-dimensional markov chain processes (MCP) analytical model to evaluate its performance for heterogeneous wireless network. Within the context of this paper, a hybrid UMTS-WLAN network is investigated. The designed threshold-based CAC algorithm is launched basing on the user’s classification and channel allocation policy. In this approach, channels are assigned dynamically in accordance with user class differentiation. The two-dimensional MCP mathematical analytic method reflects the system performance by appraising the dropping likelihood of handover traffics. The results show that the new CAC algorithm increases the admission probability of handover traffics, while guarantees the system quality of service (QoS) requirement.

No / Satellite communication with its world-wide coverage has now become an indispensable part of the Aeronautical communication. Support for high-speed Internet access by the new generation satellite systems has made the provision of IP-based multimedia applications on-board the aircraft possible at all times. Considering the expensive nature of satellite resources, IP multicast can provide a cost-effective and bandwidth saving means of delivering real-time group communication and streaming media to air passengers and crew during a flight. In IP multicast communication, traffic from the source travels along the established multicast tree to reach all group members. For mobile receivers like the aircraft which may move from one satellite beam to another, then special techniques are required to ensure that a branch of the multicast tree follows the mobile receiver into the target beam. This paper proposes a novel technique based on the Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) protocol to support IP multicast receiver mobility over satellite networks for an aircraft as it moves and changes its point of attachment from one satellite gateway (GW) to another. Performance evaluation shows that the proposed scheme is better than the Mobile IPv6-based approach in terms of GW handover (GWH) latency and number of packets lost during GWH.

No / New generation of satellite systems with on-board processing (switching/routing) and support for multiple spot beams will play a key role in the provision of mobile and ubiquitous Internet-based communications. To achieve this `anywhere anytime' communication in a global multi-beam satellite network with many gateways (GWs), the challenges of beam, gateway and satellite handovers faced by the satellite terminals mounted on mobile platforms such as long haul flights, global maritime vessels and continental trains must be adequately dealt with. Network-based localised mobility protocol proxy mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) where the IP mobility procedures are relocated from the mobile nodes to the network components has been defined by the IETF for terrestrial networks. This paper proposes how the concept of PMIPv6 could be used to support IP mobility in a mesh regenerative multi-beam satellite network. What makes this proposed approach different from that defined by the IETF is the absence of tunnelling throughout the system and the difference in the roles played by the mobility agents.

Yes / Satellite communications provides an effective solution to the ever increasing demand for mobile and ubiquitous communications especially in areas where terrestrial communication infrastructure is not present. IP multicasting is a bandwidth saving technology which could become an indispensable means of group communication over satellites since it can utilise the scarce and expensive satellite resources in an efficient way. In Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) the data is sent through a multicast tree from the source to all the receivers. However, if a source is a mobile node moving from one network to another, then special mechanisms are required to make sure this multicast tree does not break. Until now, while many research efforts have been made to provide IP multicast for the mobile nodes, they are mainly focused on terrestrial networks. Unfortunately, the terrestrial mobile multicast schemes are not directly applicable in a satellite environment. This paper, proposes a new mechanism to support multicast source mobility in SSM based applications for a mesh multi-beam satellite network with receivers both within the satellite network and in the Internet. In the proposed mechanism, the SSM receivers continue to receive multicast traffic from the mobile source despite the fact that the IP address of the source keeps on changing as it changes its point of attachment from one satellite gateway (GW) to another. The proposed scheme is evaluated and the results compared with the mobile IP home subscription (MIP HS)-based approach. The results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the MIP HS-based approach in terms of signalling cost and packet delivery cost.