Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:18:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NormaDSB_TESE.pdf: 3831711 bytes, checksum: 18279efb733bc999ed0501e75f518e04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / There is a growing interest about the relation between nutrition and health, with emphasis on the consumption of antioxidants naturally existent in food. In this context, the goal of this study was to evaluate the quality, the bioactive compounds and the total antioxidant capacity in fruits of the main hybrid melons (Yellow, Galia, Pele de Sapo, Charentais, Cantaloupe and Honeydew) produced in RN and CE states in view of adding value through their nutritional and functional properties. The fruits used in the experiment were acquired during the 2009/2010 harvest from commercial farms located in the cities of Icapuí and Quixere in CE state, also Mossoró and Baraunas in RN state. They were sent to the Post Harvest Laboratory of Embrapa in Fortaleza-CE. They were analyzed regarding to average weight, color, longitudinal and transverse diameters, longitudinal and transverse internal cavities, shell thicknesses and flesh, size relation, flesh firmness, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, SS/TA, total soluble sugars and reducing, vitamin C, total carotenoids, yellow flavonoids and chlorophyll. For the analyzes of total polyphenols and antioxidant capacity, the fruits were sent to the Bioflavors Laboratory of the FEA/UNICAMP. For physical assessments, fifteen fruits were used for each cultivar analyzed with individual measurements and for chemical assessments were used fifteen fruits, which were divided into three portions (repetitions). The results were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis. All hybrids have titratable acidity, SS/TA ratio, pH and size relation satisfactory for marketing with an emphasis on ' 9150' Yellow; 'PX 4048' Cantaloupe; 'Magisto' Charentais; 'Solarnet' Galia and 'Sancho' Pele de Sapo that had lower transverse internal cavity. Climatic conditions in the border region between RN and CE enable the melon production with soluble solids levels above of the minimum required by the international market and with total polyphenols and total antioxidant capacity levels higher than the reported in international literature. The Cantaloupe and Charentais melons show characteristics satisfactory for vitamin C, total carotenoids, yellow flavonoids, total polyphenols and antioxidant capacity, with emphasis on the hybrids 'PX 4048 ', 'Magritte', 'Magisto', 'Sedina' and 'Caribbean Gold' that had the highest amount of vitamin C and antioxidant capacity, and they can be used to promote the human health / Há um crescente interesse na relação entre alimentação e saúde, com destaque para o consumo de antioxidantes naturalmente presentes em alimentos. Diante dessa realidade, o objetivo deste estudo foi de avaliar a qualidade, os compostos bioativos e a capacidade antioxidante total de frutos dos principais híbridos de melão (Amarelo, Gália, Pele de sapo, Charentais, Cantaloupe e Honeydew) produzidos no RN e CE visando à agregação de valor através de suas propriedades nutricionais e funcionais. Os frutos de melão utilizados no experimento foram adquiridos durante a safra 2009/2010 de fazendas comerciais localizadas nas cidades de Icapuí e Quixeré (situadas no Ceará), Mossoró e Baraúnas (situadas no Rio Grande do Norte), e foram encaminhados ao Laboratório de Pós Colheita da Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical em Fortaleza-CE, onde foram analisados em relação ao peso médio de fruto, cor, diâmetros longitudinal e transversal, cavidades internas longitudinal e transversal, espessuras de casca e polpa, relação de formato, firmeza da polpa, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, SS/AT, açúcares solúveis totais e redutores, vitamina C, carotenóides totais, flavonóides amarelos e clorofila. Para as análises de polifenóis totais e capacidade antioxidante, os frutos foram encaminhados para o Laboratório de Bioaromas da FEA/UNICAMP. No que diz respeito as avaliações físicas, foram utilizados quinze frutos para cada cultivar analisada, com medições individuais, e para as avaliações químicas foram utilizados quinze frutos divididos em três porções (repetições). Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva. Todos os híbridos apresentarem acidez titulável, SS/AT, pH e relação de formato satisfatórios para comercialização com destaque para 9150 Amarelo; PX 4048 Cantaloupe; Magisto Charentais; Solarnet Gália e Sancho Pele de sapo que apresentaram menor cavidade interna transversal. As condições e da foclimáticas na região de divisa do RN e CE possibilitam a produção de melões com teores de sólidos solúveis acima do mínimo exigido pelo mercado internacional, além de melões com teores de Polifenóis totais e capacidade antioxidante total superiores ao relatado na literatura internacional. Os frutos dos melões Cantaloupe e Charentais apresentaram características satisfatórias para vitamina C, carotenoides totais, flavonoides amarelos, polifenóis totais e capacidade antioxidante com destaque para os híbridos PX 4048 , Magritte , Magisto , Sédina e Caribbean Gold que apresentaram maior quantidade de vitamina C e capacidade antioxidante, podendo ser usados na promoção da saúde humana

O cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.) à uma planta de grande importÃncia econÃmica para o Nordeste brasileiro, pela diversidade de produtos proporcionados pelo fruto e pedÃnculo e pela quantidade de empregos gerados. Apesar disso, inexiste uma padronizaÃÃo nos sistemas de produÃÃo empregados, com reflexos negativos na produÃÃo e qualidade da matÃria-prima destinada ao consumo e à indÃstria. A conversÃo dos sistemas de produÃÃo vigentes para o sistema de produÃÃo integrada poderà contribuir para atenuar este quadro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar os sistemas de produÃÃo integrada e convencional para cajueiro-anÃo precoce, quanto à produÃÃo de castanha e à produÃÃo e qualidade do caju-de-mesa (caju para consumo in natura). O experimento foi instalado em um pomar comercial, localizado no municÃpio de Beberibe (CE), em duas Ãreas contÃguas, de aproximadamente 0,5 ha cada, distanciadas entre si de 35 m, onde foram desenvolvidos os sistemas de ProduÃÃo Integrada (PI) e Convencional (PC), respectivamente. No sistema PI foram aplicadas as prÃticas recomendadas nas Normas TÃcnicas de ProduÃÃo Integrada de Caju. No PC foram aplicadas as prÃticas comumente utilizadas pelo produtor. Para as caracterÃsticas produtivas foram analisadas as seguintes variÃveis para castanha: produÃÃo (kg/planta), nÃmero/planta e peso mÃdio (g). Para caju-de-mesa foram avaliados: produÃÃo (kg/planta), nÃmero/planta e o peso mÃdio (g). Para as caracterÃsticas qualitativas foram analisadas: cor da pelÃcula, firmeza de polpa, sÃlidos solÃveis totais (SST), acidez total titulÃvel (ATT), teor de vitamina C e pH. Nas avaliaÃÃes das caracterÃsticas produtivas foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos e 12 repetiÃÃes, onde cada planta constituiu-se numa unidade experimental. Para as anÃlises das caracterÃsticas de qualidade foi empregado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos e cinco repetiÃÃes, constituÃdas de seis cajus cada. As mÃdias obtidas foram comparadas pelo teste t (P≤0,050). Observou-se diferenÃa significativa nas variÃveis produÃÃo e nÃmero de castanhas comerciais e nÃmero total de castanhas, com a mÃdia do primeiro sistema superior a do segundo. Para as variÃveis ATT e teor de vitamina C verificou-se que as mÃdias obtidas no sistema PI foram significativamente superiores Ãs do PC. Para a variÃvel pH, observou-se diferenÃa significativa entre as mÃdias obtidas nos sistemas, sendo o valor obtido no PC superior ao do PI. A qualidade pÃs-colheita de pedÃnculos, a produÃÃo e o nÃmero de castanhas foram influenciados pelos sistemas de produÃÃo. / The cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.) is a plant of great economic importance for the Brazilian Northeast Region due to the diversity of products generated for the fruit and peduncle and the amount of generated jobs. Despite this, there is no standardization in the cropping systems presently used, with negative consequences in the yield and quality of the raw material for consumption and for industry. The conversion of traditional orchards to the integrated-fruit-production system will contribute to minimize this scenery. The objective of this work was to compare the integrated fruit production (IFP) and the conventional cropping production (CP) systems in dwarf cashew orchards, as to nut yield and apple quality for fresh fruit market. The experiment was installed in a commercial orchard, located in Beberibe County, Cearà State, Brazil, at two isolated areas of approximately 0,5 hectare each, where the systems of IFP and CP had been developed. In the IFP system, cropping practices were applied according to the Legal Marks of Integrated Fruit Production in Brazil. In the CP system, cropping practices were applied accordingly with common used by local growers. Twelve plants were randomly selected in each area were used as experimental unit. For the yield analyses, the following variables characteristics had been analyzed: nut yield (kg/tree), nut number/tree and nut weight (g). For the apple analyses, production (kg/tree), number/plant and the average weight (g) were evaluated. For the qualitative characteristics, apple color, firmness, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), vitamin C content and pH were evaluated. A completely randomized design, with two treatments and 12 replications, with one plant per plot, was used for evaluating yield characteristics. Similar design was used for quality characteristics, but only five replications with six apples per plot. Means were compared by test t (P≤0,05). Significant differences were observed for the variables cashew nut yield, number of commercial nuts and cashew nut total number. IFP mean were superior to the CP one. For the TA and vitamin C content variables, the IFP system was significantly superior to the CP ones. For the pH variable, a significant difference was observed between the averages of the systems, being the value gotten in the CP superior to the one of the IFP. The post-harvest quality of the cashew apples, the cashew nut production and cashew nut number had been influenced by the production systems.

A cultura do abacateiro vem ganhando expressividade, contudo, a abscisão natural de frutos representa um entrave, pois o desprendimento dos mesmos, pelo aumento dos níveis de etileno e diminuição de auxinas ocorre intensamente nas cultivares \"Quintal\" e \"Margarida\". Em 2014 e 2015 foi conduzido um experimento nas fazendas Santa Cecilia e Santa Elisa, nos municípios de Bernardino de Campos e Timburi-SP com o objetivo de avaliar em condições de sequeiro, o efeito de diferentes fitorreguladores na abscisão, produção, alternância produtiva, tamanho, formato e qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de abacateiros \"Quintal\" e \"Margarida\". Os tratamentos foram: T1: Água e espalhante; T2: 25 mg.L-1 de Ester isopropílico de ácido 2,4-D diclorofenoxiacético; T3: 45 mg.L-1 de AVG aplicados em novembro de 2013 e de 2014; e T4: Fosfito de potássio na dose de 400 ml.100 litros-1 de água aplicado entre dezembro de 2013 e janeiro de 2014 e dezembro de 2014 e janeiro de 2015, em intervalos de 15 dias. O ensaio foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com 4 tratamentos, 4 repetições de duas árvores cada, totalizando 32 plantas em avaliação para cada cultivar. Os dados foram submetidos à análise da variância pelo teste de Fisher a 5% de significância e as variáveis que não atenderam os supostos desta, foram submetidas a análises não paramétricas pelo teste de Friedman e Kruskal-Wallis. A aplicação de aminoethoxivinilglicina (AVG), um mês antes da segunda queda fisiológica dos frutos, reduz a abscisão e altera o formato de abacates \'Quintal\'. Na cultivar \'Margarida\', o uso de fosfito de potássio aumenta a fixação de frutos e o de 2,4-D altera o formato dos mesmos. Nenhum efeito da aplicação dos fitorreguladores foi observado para as variáveis de qualidade pós-colheita em ambas as cultivares. / Avocado cultivation is becoming very important in Brazil, although the abundant natural fruit drop represents a serious constraint in some cultivars such as \'Quintal\' and \'Margarida\', which exhibit high fruit drop rates due to increased ethylene synthesis and a reduction of internal auxin levels. In the 2014- 2015 period this experiment were conducted at Santa Elisa and Santa Cecilia farm placed at Bernardino de Campos and Timburi city, in São Paulo state, with the propose to value the effects of different plant growth regulators (PGRs) at fruit drop, at the production, at the on/off production phenomenon, at the form and at the size, and also, at the post-harvest quality of \'Quintal\' and \'Margarida\' cultivars planted in dry field. The following treatments were applied in December, before the second natural fruit drop: T1: water (control); T2: 25 mg.L-1 of isopropilic ester of 2,4-D diclorofenoxiacetic acid; T3: 45 mg.L-1 of AVG, and T4: 3 sprayings of 400 ml.100 L-1 potassium phosphite in biweekly intervals from mid-December thru mid-January, in each year. The trial was conducted following a randomized complete block design, with four replications and two plants per plot, with a total of 32 trees under evaluation for each cultivar. Data analyses were performed by parametric (Fisher) and by nonparametric (Friedman and Kruskal Wallis) for variables that did not fit the normal distribution. AVG application about one month after the second natural fruit fall set this occurrence but modified the form of \'Quintal\' avocados. In the \'Margarida\' cultivar, sprayings with 2,4-D modified the form of the fruits and the application of potassium phosphite grow the flower fixation. No effect on postharvest quality attributes were observed among the treatments.

Thesis (MSc .(Plant Production)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / Delayed fruit harvest (DFH) or on-tree-fruit storage is a strategy being considered to extend the harvest season of late maturing ‘Reed’ avocado. However, avocado fruit growth beyond physiological maturity is accompanied by alterations in chemical and physical properties. Thus, the study aimed to investigate the effects of delayed harvest on tree productivity, mineral nutrition and post-harvest quality of late maturing ‘Reed’ avocado and further to evaluate the fruit quality response to varying ripening temperature regimes. As treatments, fruit were harvested early, mid and late in the season, with one month apart from each harvest during 2013 and 2014 seasons. Yield and fruit size were recorded at harvest. During each harvest time, two sets of fruit samples were collected to determine the fruit nutritional content while the second set was cold stored at 5.5°C for 28 days. After storage, fruit were ripened at 16, 21 or 25°C and evaluated for post-harvest disorders, pathological diseases and fruit physico-chemical properties. Yield dropped from 42 to 12 kg/tree from early to late harvest during 2013, while treatments showed no effect during 2014. Furthermore, treatments had no effect on fruit size during both seasons. Phosphorus content decreased by 40 and 23% from early to late harvest time during 2013 and 2014 seasons, respectively. Similar decreasing patterns were observed for K, Ca and Mg content. Zinc content remained constant during 2013; however, mid-season fruit maintained higher zinc levels during 2014 season when compared to early and late harvest time. Protein content was constant for early and mid-season fruit but significantly decreased during the late harvest in both seasons. Moisture content decreased from 74.0 to 65.0% from early to late harvest during both seasons. Starch, oil and ash content were high during late harvest time in both seasons; while crude fibre was high during the mid-harvest time when compared with early and late harvest time. Internal chilling injury increased with maturity and ripening temperature. In both seasons, higher temperatures induced higher anthracnose incidences during early and mid-harvest compared with late harvest time. Similarly, vascular browning was high on fruit ripened at 16°C during early and mid-harvest time but decreased on late harvest fruit during 2013. However, low ripening temperatures induced high incidences of vascular browning during 2014 season. Stem-end rot was high on fruit ripened at 16°C than 21 and 25°C during 2014 season. xvi Physico-chemical quality parameters showed similar behaviour in both seasons. Fruit lightness increased with ripening time regardless of ripening temperature during the early harvest, but remained constant during mid and late harvest. Hue angle (h0) and Chroma (C*) values were slightly reduced during ripening. Fruit ripened at 25°C had the highest respiration rate and reached a climacteric peak earlier (day 2) than fruit ripened at 21 and 16°C (day 4). Fruit firmness and weight loss were high and rapid at 25°C followed by 21 and 16°C regardless of the harvest time. Delayed harvest had no effect on yield and fruit size. Generally, nutritional content of avocado fruit increased with fruit maturity. Furthermore, fruit maturity played a major role in the response of fruit to ripening temperature. Higher temperature enhanced fruit ripening, but was conducive for development of post-harvest diseases. Keywords: Harvesting time, nutrition, yield, fruit size, ripening temperature, post-harvest quality

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-14T18:36:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissFCP.pdf: 1919469 bytes, checksum: d72c5b38d47b1a3d4dfeb57fce578117 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-16T19:21:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissFCP.pdf: 1919469 bytes, checksum: d72c5b38d47b1a3d4dfeb57fce578117 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-16T19:21:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissFCP.pdf: 1919469 bytes, checksum: d72c5b38d47b1a3d4dfeb57fce578117 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-16T19:21:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissFCP.pdf: 1919469 bytes, checksum: d72c5b38d47b1a3d4dfeb57fce578117 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-17 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / The consumption of fruits and vegetables has been growing due to the efforts for a healthier diet. In this context, strawberry can be highlighted for its nutritional value and for being a tasty and attractive fruit. However, on Brazil conditions, for being harvested near its physiological maturity, losses in post-harvest quality are high. Polymeric films containing metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been used in food packaging, once they present properties that contribute in maintaining the quality of fruits and vegetables. For instance, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) stands out for its antimicrobial action. The goal of this work was to evaluate the post-harvest quality of strawberries packed in polymeric films containing AgNPs and conventional net polymeric films (without NPs). For this purpose, commercial low-density polyethylene films (LDPE) containing AgNPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Infrared Spectroscopy Fourier Transform (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), antimicrobial activity tests. For evaluating the films influence on the physical-chemical and microbiological quality of strawberry, the following experiments were performed: (I) strawberry packaged in LDPE and LDPE+AgNP films were stored in cold chamber at 5 and 25 °C for nine days, where physical-chemical and microbiological analyzes were carried out at every three days; (II) Strawberry packaged by LDPE and LDPE+AgNP films were stored in cold chamber at 5 and 25 °C for nine days, and were submitted to the same physicalchemical analysis. To investigate in more details the antimicrobial effects of packaging, two experiments were carried out with strawberry inoculated by E. coli: (III) firstly, strawberry inoculated with E. coli with an initial concentration of 108 CFU mL-1 were stored at 5°C for ten days; subsequently, the physical-chemistry and microbiological analyses were carried out; and (IV) strawberry inoculated with E. coli with an initial concentration at 105 CFU mL-1 were stored at 10°C for ten days; subsequently, the microbiological analyses were carried out at every two days. Adding AgNPs on LDPE matrix did not influence the thermal and physical-chemical properties of films. Films containing AgNPs showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gramnegative microrganims. Physical-chemical quality of strawberry was affected mainly by temperature and storage period. AgNPs contained in LDPE packaging was efficient on controlling microbial population growth. Antimicrobial activity and post-harvest quality attained by polyetilene films containing AgNPs may be an indicative for using such Aplicação de filmes com nanopartículas de prata na conservação de morangos type of active packing for other fruits and vegetables, which can help decreasing post harvest losses, and may contribute to improve food safety. / O consumo de alimentos como frutas e hortaliças vem crescendo juntamente com a busca por uma alimentação mais saudável. Neste contexto, o morango se destaca por seu valor nutritivo e também por ser uma fruta saborosa e atraente. Porém, nas condições brasileiras por ser colhido próximo a sua maturação fisiológica, as perdas em qualidade pós-colheita são altas. Filmes poliméricos com nanopartículas (NPs) metálicas têm sido utilizados em embalagens alimentícias, dispondo de propriedades que contribuem para a manutenção da qualidade de frutas e hortaliças e, dentre estas, as nanopartículas de prata (NPsAg) vem se destacando pela sua ação antimicrobiana. Objetiva-se nesse trabalho avaliar a qualidade pós-colheita de morangos embalados em filmes contendo NPsAg e filmes convencionais (sem adição de NPs). Para tanto, filmes comerciais de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD) contendo NPsAg foram caracterizados através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), Espectroscopia no Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR), Termogravimetria (TGA), Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC) e Difração de Raio X (DRX), além da avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana dos filmes. Para avaliar o efeito destes filmes na qualidade físico-química e microbiológica de morangos, os seguintes experimentos foram realizados: (I) morangos embalados com filmes PEBD e PEBD+NPAg armazenados em câmara fria a 5 e a 25°C por nove dias, foram avaliados por meio de análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas a cada três dias; (II) morangos embalados com filmes PEBD e PEBD+NPAg foram armazenados a 5 e a 20°C por nove dias, e submetidos às mesmas análises. Para investigar mais detalhadamente o efeito antimicrobiano das embalagens, dois outros experimentos foram realizados inoculando os morangos com Eschechiria coli: (III) morangos inoculados com E. coli a uma concentração inicial de 108 UFC mL-1, armazenados a 5°C por dez dias, sendo realizadas análises microbiológicas e físico-químicas a cada dois dias; e (IV) morangos inoculados com E. coli a uma concentração inicial de 105 UFC mL-1, armazenados a 10°C por dez dias, sendo realizadas apenas análises microbiológicas a cada dois dias. A adição de NPsAg na matriz de PEBD não interferiu nas propriedades térmicas e nas propriedades físico-químicas dos filmes. Os filmes contendo NPsAg apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana contra micro-organismos Gram-positivos e Gram-negativos, com maior efetividade contra Gram-negativos. A qualidade físico-química dos morangos foi afetada principalmente pela temperatura e pelo tempo de armazenamento. Aplicação de filmes com nanopartículas de prata na conservação de morangos Página | vii A ação antimicrobiana das NPsAg quando aplicadas nas embalagens de morango foi efetiva na diminuição da população microbiana nos morangos. A ação antimicrobiana e a manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita apresentada pelas embalagens de polietileno com NPsAg pode ser um indicativo de uso para outras frutas e hortaliças, podendo auxiliar na diminuição das perdas pós colheita, e contribuindo para questões de segurança do alimento.