Global ETD Search

11	HDAC1 et la régulation des processus inflammatoires dans les cellules épithéliales intestinales Moore-Gagné, Julie January 2012 (has links) Les histones désacétylases (HDACs) contrôlent l'expression des gènes en modifiant la structure de la chromatine par la désacétylation des histones ou en modulant l'activité transcriptionnelle de facteurs de transcription. L'utilisation d'inhibiteurs ciblant les HDACs, les HDACi, a récemment montré un rôle des HDACs dans l'inflammation. Toutefois, comme les HDACi sont non-spécifiques, il est difficile d'identifier les fonctions spécifiques des différents HDACs. Les rôles des HDACs dans l'épithélium intestinal sont peu connus. Les principaux objectifs de ce travail visaient à déterminer les rôles spécifiques de HDAC1 dans les cellules épithéliales intestinales (CEI) et son implication dans la réponse inflammatoire. L'inhibition de l'expression de HDACI dans les CEI de rat, entraîne une augmentation post-transcriptionnelle de HDAC2, une modification de la morphologie cellulaire, une diminution de la prolifération cellulaire, une diminution de l'activité désacétylase associée au complexe corépresseur Sin3 et une modification de la réponse au HDACi trichostatin A (TSA). De plus, en réponse à l'IL-1[beta], la perte de HDACI diminue l'expression protéique des facteurs de transcription NF-?B et C/EBP[beta] tout en entraînant une prolongation de leur phosphorylation. L'absence de HDAC1 diminue également la phosphorylation et l'expression des MAPKs p38 et JNK, de base ou en réponse à l'IL-1[beta]. Ensuite, l'expression de gènes de réponse inflammatoire en réponse à l'IL-1[beta] a été analysée. Suivant la perte de HDACI, cinq patrons d'expression ont ainsi été obtenus : 1) augmentation des niveaux de base et induits (Hp, Kng 1), 2) réduction des niveaux de base et niveaux induits normaux (Cc12, Cc15, Cc120, Cxcll, C3, iNOS), 3) augmentation des niveaux induits (Cxcl2), 4) réduction des niveaux de base et induits (A2m) et 5) aucune modulation (Lcn2, GAPDH). La sécrétion de cytokines est également perturbée en l'absence de HDAC I : 1) diminution des niveaux de base et augmentation des niveaux induits (Cc12, Cxcl3), 2) diminution des niveaux induits (Cc120, Cxcl5, Cx3c11) et 3) augmentation des niveaux induits (Cxcl2, Timpl). HDACI est aussi impliquée dans le contrôle de la réponse au stress du réticulum endoplasmique puisqu'un délai dans l'induction de la protéine CHOP est observé dans les cellules n'exprimant pas HDACI, en réponse à la tunicamycine. Nos résultats démontrent que HDACI est un régulateur majeur de l'homéostasie épithéliale intestinale, incluant la réponse inflammatoire et le stress du réticulum endoplasmique, et que HDAC1 peut agir autant comme coactivateur ou corépresseur transcriptionnel. Réponse inflammatoire Cellules épithéliales intestinales IL-1[beta] HDAC1
12	Transcriptional regulation of the pro-apoptotic gene Bnip3 by P65 NF-κB, Histone Deacetylase 1, and E2F-1 in postnatal ventricular myocytes Shaw, James Alexander 20 August 2009 (has links) Apoptotic cell death of cardiac myocytes plays an important pathological role after a myocardial infarction and during heart failure. Apoptotic myocytes are not regenerated because of the restricted ability of terminally differentiated cardiac myocytes to undergo cell division. Because ventricular function is directly related to the number of active muscle cells, the inappropriate loss or premature death of cardiac myocytes results in reduced cardiac performance. Bnip3 was previously identified by Dr. Lorrie Kirshenbaum’s laboratory as a critical mediator of hypoxia-induced apoptosis in the heart. Importantly, his lab established that the cytoprotective actions of NF-κB during hypoxia included the transcriptional repression of Bnip3. However, the mechanism by which NF-κB acted as a transcriptional repressor was undefined. The present work strongly supports the hypothesis that NF-κB-mediated inhibition of Bnip3 transcription is dependent on the recruitment of the corepressor protein HDAC1. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that HDAC1 and p65 NF-κB formed protein-protein interactions. ChIP assays demonstrated that HDAC1 and p65 NF-κB associated with the Bnip3 promoter. HDAC1-mediated repression of Bnip3 was lost in cells deficient for p65 NF-κB, and restored upon repletion of p65. A second avenue of investigation described in this work demonstrated that the cell cycle factor E2F-1 directly activated Bnip3 transcription. Earlier work by Dr. Kirshenbaum found that adenovirus-mediated overexpression of E2F-1 in ventricular myocytes induced apoptosis. Herein, it is shown that E2F-1-mediated cell death is largely Bnip3-dependent because functional loss of Bnip3 inhibited E2F-1-induced cell death. Concerning hypoxia, Bnip3 expression is dependent upon the loss of p65/HDAC1-mediated repression, and on the presence of transcriptionally active E2F-1. During hypoxia, overexpression of p65, HDAC1, or Rb, an endogenous inhibitor of E2F-1-dependent transcription, attenuated hypoxia-induced Bnip3 transcription. Based on these findings, future therapies may be designed to repress Bnip3 gene expression after a myocardial infarction, thereby averting cardiac cell death and preserving cardiac function post-infarction. Bnip3 E2F-1 Apoptosis Hypoxia Mitochondria Myocyte NF-κB Cell Culture HDAC1
13	Understanding C/EBPbeta LAP/LIP Transcriptional and Adipogenic Potential Through Regulation by HDAC1 and GCN5 Salem Abdou, Houssein 17 May 2011 (has links) The CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein Beta (C/EBPβ) is part of the leucine zipper family of transcription factors and is involved in a myriad of processes including cellular proliferation and differentiation. C/EBPβ is expressed as three isoforms (LAP, LAP, LIP), translated from a single mRNA by a leaky ribosomal scanning mechanism. While LAP and LAP have activating functions, LIP is recognized as being a repressor of transcription due to its lack of activation domains. Numerous studies have shown that C/EBPβ acetylation state modulates its activity in a promoter-specific manner. For instance, the acetyltransferases GCN5/PCAF and the deacetylase complex mSin3A/HDAC1 regulate C/EBPβ activity on the C/EBPa promoter. GCN5/PCAF-mediated acetylation of C/EBPβ was shown to positively affect its transcriptional activity in a steroid-dependent mechanism via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). GR relieves HDAC1 association from C/EBPβ by targeting the deacetylase for proteasomal degradation, hence favouring GCN5-mediated acetylation of C/EBPβ and allowing maximum activation capacity to be reached. In order to further elucidate C/EBPβ activation, I sought to characterize the interplay between GCN5 and HDAC1 in regulating C/EBPβ LAP/LIP activity during murine adipogenesis by identifying their binding domain in C/EBPβ. I identified a minimal domain located within regulatory domain 1 (RD1) of C/EBPβ that is required for both GCN5 and HDAC1 binding. Furthermore, the loss of the identified domain in C/EBPβ appears to partially mimic the GR effect, thus giving C/EBPβ a higher basal transcriptional activity that accelerates NIH 3T3 and 3T3 L1 adipogenesis. Moreover, I also showed that the LIP isoform inhibitory mode of action is partially mediated through the mSin3A/HDAC1 repressor complex, which gives LIP an active repressor function. In addition to LIP inhibitory function, I also showed that a cysteine residue located in LAP* negatively regulates its transactivating function during murine adipogenesis. Although RD1 of C/EBPβ has been suggested to act as a negative regulatory domain, I showed that only five residues are responsible for most of its inhibitory effect. Hence, in an attempt to further define sub-domains within RD1, I characterized a new positive regulatory domain at its N-terminal region, which seems to be required for C/EBPβ activity in a promoter-specific manner. In conclusion, this study not only supports previously hypothesized mechanisms by which C/EBPβ is regulated, but it also redefines the contribution of LAP*, LAP and LIP in regulating transcription. Most importantly, the results emphasize the countless possibilities by which C/EBPβ transactivation potential could be modulated during cellular differentiation. adipogenesis preadipocyte differentiation c/ebpbeta mSin3A/HDAC1 GCN5 transcription regulation 3T3L1 NIH3T3
14	Understanding C/EBPbeta LAP/LIP Transcriptional and Adipogenic Potential Through Regulation by HDAC1 and GCN5 Salem Abdou, Houssein January 2011 (has links) The CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein Beta (C/EBPβ) is part of the leucine zipper family of transcription factors and is involved in a myriad of processes including cellular proliferation and differentiation. C/EBPβ is expressed as three isoforms (LAP, LAP, LIP), translated from a single mRNA by a leaky ribosomal scanning mechanism. While LAP and LAP have activating functions, LIP is recognized as being a repressor of transcription due to its lack of activation domains. Numerous studies have shown that C/EBPβ acetylation state modulates its activity in a promoter-specific manner. For instance, the acetyltransferases GCN5/PCAF and the deacetylase complex mSin3A/HDAC1 regulate C/EBPβ activity on the C/EBPa promoter. GCN5/PCAF-mediated acetylation of C/EBPβ was shown to positively affect its transcriptional activity in a steroid-dependent mechanism via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). GR relieves HDAC1 association from C/EBPβ by targeting the deacetylase for proteasomal degradation, hence favouring GCN5-mediated acetylation of C/EBPβ and allowing maximum activation capacity to be reached. In order to further elucidate C/EBPβ activation, I sought to characterize the interplay between GCN5 and HDAC1 in regulating C/EBPβ LAP/LIP activity during murine adipogenesis by identifying their binding domain in C/EBPβ. I identified a minimal domain located within regulatory domain 1 (RD1) of C/EBPβ that is required for both GCN5 and HDAC1 binding. Furthermore, the loss of the identified domain in C/EBPβ appears to partially mimic the GR effect, thus giving C/EBPβ a higher basal transcriptional activity that accelerates NIH 3T3 and 3T3 L1 adipogenesis. Moreover, I also showed that the LIP isoform inhibitory mode of action is partially mediated through the mSin3A/HDAC1 repressor complex, which gives LIP an active repressor function. In addition to LIP inhibitory function, I also showed that a cysteine residue located in LAP* negatively regulates its transactivating function during murine adipogenesis. Although RD1 of C/EBPβ has been suggested to act as a negative regulatory domain, I showed that only five residues are responsible for most of its inhibitory effect. Hence, in an attempt to further define sub-domains within RD1, I characterized a new positive regulatory domain at its N-terminal region, which seems to be required for C/EBPβ activity in a promoter-specific manner. In conclusion, this study not only supports previously hypothesized mechanisms by which C/EBPβ is regulated, but it also redefines the contribution of LAP*, LAP and LIP in regulating transcription. Most importantly, the results emphasize the countless possibilities by which C/EBPβ transactivation potential could be modulated during cellular differentiation. adipogenesis preadipocyte differentiation c/ebpbeta mSin3A/HDAC1 GCN5 transcription regulation 3T3L1 NIH3T3
15	Identification of Gon4-like as a factor that is essential for B lymphopoiesis and capable of mediating transcriptional repression Lu, Ping 01 December 2010 (has links) The B cell population is one of the key components of the adaptive immune system, which protects the host from a tremendous variety of pathogens by producing antibodies. B cells develop from hematopoietic stem cells through a pathway known as B lymphopoiesis. This is a process accompanied by intensive gene expression reprogramming. By the end, genes appropriate for the B lineage are activated and those that are not are continuously repressed. The regulation of lineage gene expression is conferred by a network of transcriptional regulators. Although some key components have been defined, more factors, especially those orchestrating the repression of non-B lineage genes, remain to be identified. Chemically induced mutagenesis is a potent way of identifying genes with critical biological functions. Injection of n-ethyl-n-nitrosourea, a mutagen, has generated a unique point mutation in the mouse Gon4-like (Gon4l) gene that specifically causes a loss of peripheral B cells while maintaining the T cell population. The mutation is therefore named Justy for Just T cells. The goal of this thesis project is to analyze the Justy mice and provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the regulation of B lymphopoiesis. The work presented here demonstrates that the protein encoded by Gon4l is essential for early B lymphopoiesis, which is likely through the repression of non-B lineage genes. Gon4l protein contains conserved domains implicated in transcriptional repression and associates in a complex with the transcriptional repression mediators Yin Yang 1 and Sin3a/HDAC1, after these proteins are transiently expressed in cell lines. When bound to DNA, Gon4l is capable of repressing a nearby promoter and this function correlates with its ability to form a complex. Therefore, these results suggest that Gon4l may function as a transcriptional regulator by employing its associated co-factors in the identified complex. Lastly, a wide spectrum of tumors developed in Justy mice, indicating that Gon4l can also act as a tumor suppressor. B lymphopoiesis Gon4-like Sin3a/HDAC1 transcriptional repression tumorigenesis YY1 Immunology of Infectious Disease
16	Epigenetische Kontrolle der Remyelinisierung bei Multipler Sklerose / Epigenetic control of remyelinisation in multiple sclerosis Herget, Anna Theresia 27 June 2012 (has links) No description available. 610 Medizin, Gesundheit MED 391 Medicine Multiple Sklerose HDAC1 Remyelinisierung Remyelinisierungsstadien NogoA CNP MOG MAG MBP multiple sclerosis HDAC1 remyelinisation stages of remyelinisation NogoA CNP MOG MAG MBP 44.46 44.78
17	Searching for a functional relationship between the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 and the progesterone receptor in breast cancer cells Calvo Vidal, Verónica Alejandra 17 July 2009 (has links) Germ-line mutations in the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 strongly increase the risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer in women. Different hypothesis have been proposed to explain this tissue specificity. One of the most argued hypothesis is the one that proposes a link between BRCA1 and ovarian hormones' action. Much data have been published in the last years pointing to an important role of progesterone receptor (PR) in inducing normal mammary development and also breast cancer formation. This study aimed to search for a functional relationship between BRCA1 and PR in breast cancer cells. We have found that BRCA1 inhibits the transcriptional activity of PR. We have investigated in more detail the mechanism of this effect. BRCA1 and PR interact in vivo in a ligand-independent fashion. Most importantly, BRCA1 alters the ligand-independent and dependent degradation of PR protein through its ubiquitination and this might have a direct effect on the level of PR recruitment on regulated promoters. BRCA1 is recruited to the hormone-responsive regions of PR-target genes and affects the presence of histone deacetylase activity and the level of monoubiquitinated histone H2A, linking BRCA1 action with chromatin status. These findings support a connection between BRCA1, the principal tumour suppressor responsible for familial breast cancer, and the progesterone receptor transcriptional activity. This relationship can be hypothesized to be reflected in the BRCA1-related breast tumourigenesis. / Mutaciones germinales en el gen breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 aumentan altamente el riesgo de padecer cáncer de mama y ovario en mujeres. Se han propuesto diferentes hipótesis para explicar esta especificidad de tejido. Una de las hipótesis más argumentadas es la que propone una relación entre BRCA1 y la acción de las hormonas ováricas. En los últimos años se han publicado numerosos datos señalando al papel esencial del receptor de progesterona (PR) en la inducción del desarrollo normal de la mama y en la formación del cáncer de mama. Este estudio pretendía buscar una relación funcional entre BRCA1 y PR en células de cáncer de mama. Hemos demostrado que BRCA1 inhibe la actividad transcripcional de PR. Hemos investigado en más detalle el mecanismo de este efecto. BRCA1 y PR interaccionan in vivo de una manera independiente de ligando. Y lo que es más, BRCA1 altera la degradación independiente y dependiente de ligando de PR a través de su ubiquitinización y esto podría tener un efecto directo en el nivel de reclutamiento de PR en promotores regulados. BRCA1 es reclutado a las regiones de respuesta a hormona de genes diana de PR y afecta la presencia de actividad histona desacetilasa y el nivel de histona H2A monoubiquitinada, estableciendo un enlace entre la acción de BRCA1 y el estado de la cromatina. Estos hallazgos apoyan una conexión entre BRCA1, el principal supresor de tumor responsable del cáncer de mama hereditario, y la actividad transcripcional del receptor de progesterona. Se puede hipotetizar que esta relación se ve reflejada en el proceso de tumorigénesis BRCA1-dependiente. HDAC1 transcripción regulación PR receptor progesterona ubiquitina-ligasa ubiquitina cáncer mama lactacystin hereditary degradation proteasome MMTV estrogen mammary gland ovarian hormones promoter chromatin histone H2A HDAC1 transcription regulation PR receptor progesterone ubiquitin-ligase ubiquitin cancer breast BRCA1 histona H2A cromatina promotor hormonas ováricas glándula mamaria estrógenos MMTV proteasoma degradación hereditario lactacistina 57
18	Chromatin alterations imposed by the oncogenic transcription factor PML-RAR Morey Ramonell, Lluís 01 February 2008 (has links) En mamíferos, así como en plantas, mutaciones en AND helicasas/ATPasas del la família SNF2, no solo afectan a la estructura de la cromatina, sino que también afectan al patrón global de la metilación del ADN. Sugiriendo una relación funcional entre la estructura de la cromatina y la epigenética. El complejo NuRD, el cual posee una ATPasa de la familía SNF2, está relacionado con la represión de la transcripción y en el remodelamiento de la cromatina. Nuestro laboratorio demostró que la proteína leucémica PML-RARα reprime la transcripción de sus genes diana por el reclutamiento de DNMTs y el complejo PRC2. En esta tesis, demostramos una relación directa del complejo NuRD en la represión génica y en los cambios epigenéticos en la leucemia promielocítica aguda (APL). Mostramos que PML-RARα se une y recluta NuRD a sus genes diana, incluyendo el gen supresor de tumores RAR2, facilitando que el complejo de Polycomb se reclute y metile la lisina 27 de la histona H3. Tratamiento con Acido Retinóico (RA), el qual se utiliza en pacientes, reduce la ocupación de NuRD en células leucémicas. Eliminando NuRD no solo provoca que las histonas no se deacetilen y que la cromatina no se compacte, sino que también provoca que tanto la metilación del ADN y de las histonas no se produzca, así como la represión génica del gen RAR2, favoreciendo la diferenciación celular. Nuestros resultados caracterizan un nuevo papel del complejo NuRD en el establecimiento de los patrones epigenéticos en APL, demostrando una relación esencial entre la estructura de la cromatina y epigenética durante el desarrollo de la leucemia, pudiéndose aplicar a la terapia de esta enfermedad. / In mammals, as in plants, mutations in SNF2-like DNA helicases/ATPases were shown to affect not only chromatin structure but also global methylation patterns, suggesting a potential functional link between chromatin structure and epigentic marks. The SNF2-like containing NuRD complex is involved in gene transcriptional repression and chromatin remodeling. We have previously shown that the leukemogenic protein PMLRARα represses target genes through recruitment of DNMTs and Polycomb complex. In this thesis, we demonstrate a direct role of the NuRD complex in aberrant gene repression and transmission of epigenetic repressive marks in acute promyelocytic leucemia (APL). We show that PML-RARα binds and recruits NuRD to target genes, including to the tumor-suppressor gene RAR2. In turn, the NuRD complex facilitates Polycomb binding and histone methylation at lysine 27. Retinoic acid treatment reduced the promoter occupancy of the NuRD complex. Knock-down of the NuRD complex in leukemic cells not only prevented histone deacetylation and chromatin compaction, but also impaired DNA and histone methylation as well as stable silencing, thus favoring cellular differentiation. These results unveil an important role for NuRD in the establishment of altered epigenetic marks in APL, demonstrating an essential link between chromatin structure and epigenetics in leukemogenesis that could be exploited for therapeutic intervention. DNaseI transcription repression chromatin immunoprecipitation bisulfite genomic sequence histone modifications DNA methylation RAR2 Suz12 PRC2 Mi-2 MTA2 MBD3 HDAC1/2 Retinoic Acid NuRD PML-RARα APL 575 616.4

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