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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Tumor-Specific Cell Death Induction by Noxa Overexpression for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) Treatment

Maxim, Nicolas T, Mr. 01 January 2016 (has links)
The primary focus of this research is the mechanisms of cell death in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment. These cancers typically originate in squamous cells that line the moist mucosal surfaces of head and neck. HNSCC is commonly treated with a platinum based agent, cisplatin. While the drug does offer strong antitumor effects, its prolonged use often results in tumor-acquired resistance, which limits treatment effectiveness. We have shown that cisplatin treatment induces the expression of a pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member Noxa, which then initiates caspase- dependent apoptosis through its binding and sequestration of pro-survival protein MCL-1 for its inactivation. Without Noxa induction, cell death is significantly reduced when treating HNSCCs with cisplatin. The objectives of this study are (1) to determine the molecular mechanisms by which Noxa induces cell death in HNSCC cells; (2) to determine the molecular mechanisms of cisplatin-resistance in isogenic HNSCC cell lines. We observed an increase of apoptosis by ectopic expression of Noxa in all HNSCC cell lines tested, but not in immortalized human normal oral keratinocytes (NOK), suggesting that Noxa overexpression is sufficient to induce tumor-specific cell death. Noxa-induced cell death was mediated by BAX and BAK activation. BAK activation was mediated through Noxa binding to MCL-1, but not BCL-XL. Cisplatin- resistant cells induced less Noxa and apoptosis, supporting that Noxa induction is prerequisite for apoptosis induced by cisplatin. Taken together, Noxa induces tumor- specific cell death in HNSCC cells primarily through BAX and BAK activation, which suggests the therapeutic potential of this protein.
22

Imunofenotypizace pacientů s HPV-asociovanými a neasociovanými karcinomy hlavy a krku / Immunoprofiling in patients with HPV-associated and non-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Lukešová, Eva January 2014 (has links)
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) remain a significant cause of morbidity worldwide, with approximately 550,000 new cases diagnosed each year. The main etiological factors include smoking and alcohol consumption. The incidence of non-oropharyngeal HNSCC is gradually decreasing while the incidence of squamous cell oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPSCC) is still on the rise. This increasing incidence can be most likely attributed to an increasing prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. From the clinical point of view the most significant fact is that patients with HPV positive OPSCC have better prognosis. HNSCC is linked to an alteration in the immune system. Only a limited number of studies have correlated both the immunological parameters and HPV status with patient prognosis. Therefore, we focused on the research of the immunological profile of patients with HNSCC of viral and non-viral etiology. In our study, 110 patients with HNSCC were enrolled. They were divided into HPV-positive and HPV-negative groups based on the expression of HPV 16 E6 mRNA detected in the tumor tissue. Basic lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3+, CD4+ CD25+ Treg, CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3 Treg, CD4+, CD8+, CD19, and CD3- CD16+ CD56+ cells) were determined by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood (PB). We observed...
23

Polimorfismos em genes relacionados à via extrínseca da apoptose na farmacogenética da cisplatina associada à radioterapia em portadores de carcinoma de células escamosas de cabeça e pescoço / Polymorphisms in extrinsic pathway of apoptosis genes in cisplatin pharmacogenetics associated with radiotherapy in patients with head an neck squamous cell carcinoma

Lima, Tathiane Regine Penna, 1985- 26 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Carmen Silvia Passos Lima / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T01:13:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_TathianeReginePenna_M.pdf: 2841696 bytes, checksum: 52bcc1d50c0da81d90d9abd72cb1b574 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A cisplatina (CDDP) associada à radioterapia (RT) é utilizada no tratamento de portadores de células escamosas de cabeça e pescoço (CCECP). Já é conhecido que tanto a resposta ao tratamento como seus efeitos colaterais variam de indivíduo para indivíduo. Uma possível explicação para o fato pode ser a variabilidade genética no metabolismo da CDDP. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de verificar se habilidades herdadas na apoptose de células pela via extrínseca, mediadas pelas enzimas FASL, FAS, CASP8 e CASP3, alteram os efeitos terapêuticos, colaterais e a concentração de CDDP urinária em pacientes com CCECP. Foram avaliados, de forma prospectiva, 90 pacientes consecutivos com CCECP do Hospital de Clínicas da UNICAMP, que receberam CDDP associada à RT como tratamento neoadjuvante, definitivo ou paliativo da doença. Os genótipos dos polimorfismos FASL C-844T, FAS G-1377A, FAS A-670G, CASP8 -652 6N Ins/ Del e CASP3 IVS1 -15G>T foram analisados por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase e digestão enzimática em DNA de sangue periférico. A resposta ao tratamento foi avaliada por tomografia computadorizada do pescoço, de acordo com os critérios Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 (RECIST 1.1). Os efeitos colaterais ao tratamento foram graduados por meio de questionário e exames laboratoriais, de acordo com os critérios do National Cancer Institute. As toxicidades renal e auditiva foram avaliadas por meio do clearance de creatinina estimado, da taxa de filtração glomerular com EDTA-51Cr e de audiometria tonal limiar, respectivamente, antes e após o tratamento. As dosagens urinárias da CDDP foram realizadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. O significado estatístico das diferenças entre grupos foi calculado pelo teste da probabilidade exata de Fisher ou qui-quadrado. A regressão logística múltipla foi feita para obter a razão das chances e a ANOVA por transformação em postos foi realizada para medidas repetidas. O genótipo FASL -844TT foi associado com maior frequência de anemia dos graus 2, 3 ou 4 e menor perda auditiva unilateral. O genótipo FAS -670GG foi associado com menor frequência de náuseas dos graus 2 ou 3, maior frequência de anemia dos graus 2, 3 ou 4, de linfopenia dos graus 3 ou 4 e maior perda auditiva unilateral. Já o genótipo FAS -670AG e o genótipo GG foram associados a menor frequência de linfopenia dos graus 3 ou 4 e maior perda auditiva unilateral. Nossos resultados sugerem que os polimorfismos FASL C-844T e FAS A-670G modulam os efeitos colaterais, como náuseas, mielossupressão e acuidade auditiva, em pacientes com CCECP tratados com CDDP e RT. Acreditamos que estes resultados possam contribuir para definir o tratamento personalizado futuro de pacientes com CCECP / Abstract: Cisplatin (CDDP) associated with radiotherapy (RT) is used in treatment of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). It is well known that both response to treatment and side effects vary among individuals. A possible explanation for this may be the genetic variability in metabolism of CDDP. The aim of this study was to access if inherited ability of cells to apootose the extrinsic, mediated by enzimas FASL, FAS, CASP8 e CASP3 enzymes change the therapeutic side effects and urinary concentration of CDDP in HNSCC patients. We evaluated prospectively, 90 HNSCC patients of UNICAMP¿s Hospital, who received CDDP-associated RT as neoadjuvant, definitive or palliative treatment. Genotypes of FASL C-844T, FAS G-1377A, FAS A-670G, CASP8 -652 6N Ins/ Del e CASP3 IVS1 -15G>T polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion of peripheral blood DNA. Treatment response was assessed by computed tomography of the neck, according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 (RECIST 1.1). Treatment side effects were ranked through questionnaire and laboratory tests, according to the National Cancer Institute. Renal and hearing toxicities were assessed using, respectively, estimated creatinine clearance and glomerular filtration 51Cr-EDTA and pure tone audiometry, before and after treatment. Urinary doses of CDDP were performed by high performance liquid chromatography. Statistical significance of differences between groups was calculated by Fisher's exact probability test or chi-square. Multiple logistic regression was performed to obtain the odds ratio and ANOVA with rank-transform method for performed for repeated measurements. The FASL -844TT genotype was associated with higher frequency of grade 2, 3 or 4 anemia and lower unilateral auditory accuity loss. The FAS -670GG genotype was associated with lower frequency of grade 2 or 3 nausea, higher frequency of grade 2, 3 or 4 anemia, grade 3 or 4 linfopenia, and higher unilateral auditory accuity loss. The FAS -670AG and GG genotypes were associated with lower frequency of grade 3 or 4 linfopenia and higher unilateral auditory accuity loss. Our results suggest that the FASL C-844T e FAS A-670G polymorphisms modulate the side effects, such as nausea, mielossupression and auditory accuity in HNSCC patients treated with CDDP and RT. We believe that these results may subscribe to define the future personalized treatment of HNSCC patients / Mestrado / Clinica Medica / Mestra em Clínica Médica
24

Polimorfismos em genes de reparo de DNA por excisão de nucleotídeos na farmacogenética da cisplatina associada à radioterapia em portadores de carcinoma de células escamosas de cabeça e pescoço / Polymorphisms in nucleotide excision DNA repair genes in cisplatin pharmacogenetics associated with radiotherapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Lopes Aguiar, Leisa, 1989- 26 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Carmen Silvia Passos Lima / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T01:10:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LopesAguiar_Leisa_M.pdf: 2327323 bytes, checksum: f4177dbf5283eb216c8d1239e025d5db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A cisplatina (CDDP) associada à radioterapia (RT) é utilizada no tratamento de portadores de células escamosas de cabeça e pescoço (CCECP). Já é conhecido que tanto a resposta ao tratamento como seus efeitos colaterais variam de indivíduo para indivíduo. Uma possível explicação para o fato pode ser a variabilidade genética no metabolismo da CDDP. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de verificar se habilidades herdadas no reparo de lesões do DNA, mediadas pelas enzimas ERCC1, XPC, XPD e XPF, alteram os efeitos terapêuticos, colaterais e a concentração de CDDP urinária em pacientes com CCECP. Foram avaliados, de forma prospectiva, pacientes consecutivos com CCECP do Hospital de Clínicas da UNICAMP, que receberam terapêutica com CDDP associada à RT. Os genótipos dos polimorfismos XPC Lys939Gln, XPD10 Asp312Asn, XPD23 Lys751Gln, XPF T30028C e ERCC1 C118T foram analisados por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase e digestão enzimática em DNA de sangue periférico. A resposta ao tratamento foi avaliada por meio de exame clínico e por tomografia computadorizada do pescoço. Os efeitos colaterais ao tratamento foram graduados por meio de questionário e exames laboratoriais. As toxicidades renal e auditiva foram avaliadas por meio do clearance de creatinina estimado, da taxa de filtração glomerular com EDTA-51Cr e de audiometria tonal limiar, respectivamente, antes e após o tratamento. As dosagens urinárias da CDDP foram realizadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. O significado estatístico das diferenças entre grupos foi calculado pelos testes da probabilidade exata de Fisher ou qui-quadrado, regressão logística múltipla e ANOVA. Portadores do alelo Gln do polimorfismo XPC Lys939Gln estiveram sob chance de 0,11 vezes (intervalo de confiança [IC] 95%: 0,03-0,40) menor de ototoxicidade. Pacientes com o alelo Asn e com o genótipo Asn/Asn do polimorfismo XPD10 Asp312Asn estiveram sob chance de 0,38 vezes (IC 95%: 0,14-0,99) menor de náuseas, e 8,50 (IC 95%: 1,02-70,70) e 12,29 vezes (IC 95%: 1,19-126,04) maior de resposta completa ao tratamento e ototoxicidade, respectivamente. Portadores do genótipo CC do polimorfismo XPF T30028C estiveram sob chance de 0,13 (IC 95%: 0,02-0,74) e 0,06 vezes (IC 95%: 0,007-0,67) menor de náuseas e vômitos, respectivamente. E, pacientes com o alelo T do polimorfismo ERCC1 C118T estiveram sob chance de 0,33 vezes (IC 95%: 0,11-0,97) menor de vômitos. Concluímos que estes polimorfismos desempenham papéis importantes na obtenção de resposta à terapêutica e na ocorrência de efeitos colaterais. Acreditamos que estes resultados possam constituir a base preliminar para o tratamento personalizado futuro de pacientes com CCECP / Abstract: Cisplatin (CDDP) associated with radiotherapy (RT) is used in treatment of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). It is well known that both response to treatment and side effects vary among individuals. A possible explanation for this may be the genetic variability in metabolism of CDDP. The aim of this study was to access if inherited ability to repair DNA damage, mediated by ERCC1, XPC, XPD and XPF enzymes change the therapeutic side effects and urinary concentration of CDDP in HNSCC patients. We evaluated prospectively, 90 consecutive HNSCC patients of UNICAMP¿s Hospital, who received CDDP associated RT as neoadjuvant, definitive or palliative treatment. Genotypes of XPC Lys939Gln, XPD10 Asp312Asn, XPD23 Lys751Gln, XPF T30028C and ERCC1 C118T polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion of peripheral blood DNA. Treatment response was assessed by clinical examination and computed tomography of neck. Treatment side effects were ranked through questionnaire and laboratory tests. Renal and hearing toxicities were assessed using, respectively, estimated creatinine clearance and glomerular filtration 51Cr-EDTA and pure tone threshold audiometry, before and after treatment. Urinary doses of CDDP were performed by high performance liquid chromatography. Statistical significance of differences between groups was calculated by Fisher's exact probability test or chi-square, logistic regression and ANOVA. Carriers of Gln allele of XPC Lys939Gln polymorphism had a 0.11-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03-0.40) decreased risk of ototoxicity. Patients with Asn allele and Asn/Asn genotype of XPD10 Asp312Asn polymorphism had a 0.38-fold (95% CI: 0.14-0.99) decreased risk of nausea, and had a 8.50 (95% CI: 1.02-70.70) and 12.29-fold (95% CI: 1.19-126.04) increased risks of complete response to treatment and ototoxicity, respectively. Carriers of CC genotype of XPF T30028C polymorphism had a 0.13 (95% CI: 0.02-0.74) e 0.06-fold (95% CI: 0.007-0.67) decreased risks of nausea and vomiting, respectively. And, patients with T allele of ERCC1 C118T polymorphism had a 0.33-fold (95% CI: 0.11-0.97) decreased risk of vomiting. We concluded that these genetic polymorphisms have important roles in complete response rate and in occurrence of side effects. We believe that this data may constitute preliminary basis of future personalized treatment of HNSCC patients / Mestrado / Fisiopatologia Médica / Mestra em Ciências
25

Imunofenotypizace pacientů s HPV-asociovanými a neasociovanými karcinomy hlavy a krku / Immunoprofiling in patients with HPV-associated and non-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Lukešová, Eva January 2014 (has links)
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) remain a significant cause of morbidity worldwide, with approximately 550,000 new cases diagnosed each year. The main etiological factors include smoking and alcohol consumption. The incidence of non-oropharyngeal HNSCC is gradually decreasing while the incidence of squamous cell oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPSCC) is still on the rise. This increasing incidence can be most likely attributed to an increasing prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. From the clinical point of view the most significant fact is that patients with HPV positive OPSCC have better prognosis. HNSCC is linked to an alteration in the immune system. Only a limited number of studies have correlated both the immunological parameters and HPV status with patient prognosis. Therefore, we focused on the research of the immunological profile of patients with HNSCC of viral and non-viral etiology. In our study, 110 patients with HNSCC were enrolled. They were divided into HPV-positive and HPV-negative groups based on the expression of HPV 16 E6 mRNA detected in the tumor tissue. Basic lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3+, CD4+ CD25+ Treg, CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3 Treg, CD4+, CD8+, CD19, and CD3- CD16+ CD56+ cells) were determined by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood (PB). We observed...
26

Targeting Extradomain B Fibronectin for Detection and Characterization of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Hall, Ryan Christopher 26 May 2023 (has links)
No description available.
27

Participação da Prostaglandina E2 e seus receptores na proliferação celular do carcinoma epidermóide de cabeça e pescoço / Role of Prostaglandin E2 and its receptors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Abrahão, Aline Corrêa 03 February 2010 (has links)
O carcinoma epidermóide de cabeça e pescoço (CECP) representa 6ª malignidade mais comum no mundo. Para melhor entender os mecanismos envolvidos na iniciação tumoral, progressão e metástase, é necessária a elucidação dos eventos moleculares que guiam esses processos. É também importante a investigação da interação e modulação das células tumorais e seu microambiente. A participação de agentes inflamatórios no desenvolvimento e manutenção do CECP pode ser resumida na superexpressão da cicloxigenase 2 (COX-2) e na secreção de prostaglandina E2 (PGE2) pelas células tumorais. A PGE2 ativa seus receptores EP1-4 que são ligados a proteínas G. As proteínas G ativam outras vias de sinalização responsáveis por processos celulares como proliferação e angiogênese. Embora a participação do EP2 no câncer de cólon seja bem estabelecida, o papel dos receptores de PGE2 no CECP ainda permanece incerto. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o papel da PGE2 e de seus receptores na proliferação celular em linhagens celulares de CECP, bem como a expressão dos receptores em tissue microarrays de CECP. Inicialmente as linhagens de CECP foram utilizadas para analisar o padrão de expressão da COX-2 e dos receptores EP1-4 por meio da técnica de western blotting. A inibição da secreção da PGE2 pelos inibidores de COX-2 foi mensurada por meio da técnica de ELISA. A expressão dos receptores EP1-3 e da COX-2 foi também avaliada por meio da imuno-histoquímica em dois diferentes tissue microarray. A fim de esclarecer a indução da proliferação celular pela PGE2 e de apontar um de seus receptores como responsável pelo processo, duas PGE2 sintéticas, um antagonista do EP2 e um antagonista do EP3 foram utilizados para estimular a proliferação celular. Foi realizado o bloqueio do receptor EP2 por meio da interferência de RNA. Seus efeitos sobre a proliferação foram avaliados por meio do ensaio de incorporação de timidina. Os resultados mostraram que o CECP expressa constitutivamente a COX-2, o EP1, o EP2 e o EP3; e que é capaz de secretar PGE2. Os inibidores de COX-2 inibiram a secreção de PGE2 em baixas concentrações, mas não foram capazes de inibir a proliferação. A COX-2 e os receptores EP1-3 foram amplamente expressos nos tissue microarrays. Foi observada correlação entre EP1 e EP2; EP1 e EP3; e EP2 e EP3 (p<0,05). Somente o EP1 mostrou correlação com a COX-2 (p<0,05). A PGE2 induziu a proliferação por meio da indução da síntese de DNA nas linhagens celulares de CECP. O agonista de EP3 também induziu a síntese de DNA, sugerindo sua participação na proliferação dos CECPs. Os efeitos do siRNA para EP2 sobre a síntese de DNA não foram conclusivos. As proteínas ativadas por segundos mensageiros do EP2 também não foram afetadas pelo bloqueio do mesmo. Este estudo indica três importantes achados: 1. a PGE2 é secretada por linhagens de CECP; 2. a COX-2 é superexpressa nos CECPs; 3. os receptores de PGE2 são constitutivamente expressos nos CECPs. No entanto, esse trabalho mostra que esta via inflamatória parece ser independente aos mecanismos indutores da proliferação nos CECPs. / Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the 6th most common malignant lesion worldwide. To better understand the mechanisms of tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis a better understanding of the molecular networks that guides these process is needed. Towards this goal, it is important to investigate the interaction and modulation of cancer cells over its surrounding microenvironment. The involvement of inflammatory agents in HNSCC development and maintenance can be resumed in the overexpression of cycloxygenase 2 (COX-2) and secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by tumor cells. Prostaglandin E2 activates its receptors EP1-4 which are coupled to G proteins. G protein activates other pathways responsible for cellular processes such as proliferation and angiogenesis. The participation of EP2 in colon cancer is well established however the role of PGE2 receptors in HNSCC is still poorly understood. This work aims to investigate the role of PGE2 and its receptors in cellular proliferation in HNSCC cell lines and the clinical relevant expression pattern in HNSCC tissue microarrays. HNSCC cell lines were initially used to access the expression pattern of COX-2 and EP1-4 by using western blotting technique. The ability of selective COX-2 inhibition to block PGE2 secretion was measured by ELISA antibody specific assay. Also, EP1, EP2, EP3 and COX-2 expression were evaluated by immuno-histochemistry in two different sets of HNSCC tissue microarrays. To address the question about PGE2 inducted cell proliferation and which PGE2 receptor are involved in the process, two synthetic PGE2, an EP2 agonist and an EP3 agonist were used to stimulate cell proliferation. Finally, the knockdown of EP2 receptor was performed by siRNA transfection assay and its effect was evaluated in cell proliferation by radioactive thymidine incorporation assay. The results presented here shows that HNSCC constitutively express COX-2, EP1, EP2 and EP3 and that they are able to secret PGE2. COX-2 selective inhibitors are able to suppress PGE2 secretion in lower concentrations but not to inhibit cell proliferation. Also, COX-2, EP1, E2 and EP3 are widely expressed in HNSCC tissue microarrays. A correlation between EP1 and EP2; EP1 and EP3; and EP2 and EP3 (p<0.05) was observed. Only EP1 showed correlation with COX-2 in tissue microarrays (p<0,05). PGE2 was able to induce cell proliferation as it induces DNA synthesis in HNSCC cell lines. EP3 agonist also induced DNA synthesis addressing its role in cell proliferation induction in HNSCC. The siRNA for EP2 effects in DNA synthesis was not conclusive and the downstream proteins activated by EP2 second messenger were not affected following its expression knockdown. This study indicates three important findings. First, PGE2 is secreted by HNSCC. Second, COX-2 is found to be overexpressed in HNSCC; and third, PGE2 receptors are found to be constitutively expressed in HNSCC. Most interesting, we show here that this inflammatory pathway seems to be independent of the mechanisms that induce HNSCC proliferation.
28

Análise da expressão e mecanismos de ação das proteínas Akt, Hsp90, mTOR e ciclina D1 em cultura de células de carcinoma epidermoide humano e células displásicas após irradiação com laser em baixa intensidade / The expression and action mechanisms of Akt, Hsp90, mTOR and cyclin D1 proteins in cultured cells of squamous cell carcinoma and dysplastic cells after being irradiated with low level laser therapy

Sperandio, Felipe Fornias 06 December 2012 (has links)
O carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço é uma neoplasia maligna de origem epitelial que resulta em aproximadamente 500.000 novos casos por ano ao redor do mundo. Diversos estudos têm sido conduzidos de maneira a elucidar os mecanismos de proliferação e invasão desta doença, sendo a via de sinalização Akt/mTOR e proteínas relacionadas, apontada como uma das principais vias envolvidas em sua progressão. Sabe-se que células neoplásicas, bem como células de diferentes tecidos, podem ter seu comportamento modificado após terem sido irradiadas com laser em baixa intensidade (LLLT). Porém, os mecanismos de atuação da luz laser de baixa potência sobre estas células permanecem ainda não completamente esclarecidos. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi o de analisar a viabilidade celular e expressão das proteínas Akt, pAkt, Hsp90, S6, pS6 e Ciclina D1 em duas linhagens celulares de carcinoma de boca (SCC9 e SCC25), bem como em uma linhagem de queratinócitos orais humanos com displasia (DOK) após irradiação com laser em baixa intensidade. O laser utilizado foi um diodo semicondutor de arseneto de Gálio e Alumínio (GaAlAs) operando nos comprimentos de onda vermelho (660nm) e infravermelho (780nm), com potência fixa em 40mW e três densidades de energia para cada comprimento de onda disponível: 2.05J/cm², 3.07J/cm² e 6.15J/cm². A análise de apoptose foi realizada por meio do teste de TUNEL e a expressão proteica foi obtida com imunofluorescência e western blotting. Após análise estatística por meio do método ANOVA dois critérios e testes de Tukey ou teste T de estudante, todos com nível de significância de 5%, pôde-se concluir que a LLLT induziu comportamentos distintos em cada uma das linhagens celulares utilizadas. Foi notado aumento, bem como diminuição da viabilidade celular, dependendo do comprimento de onda utilizado e das células irradiadas. A densidade de energia de 2.05J/cm² foi a que produziu efeitos mais significativos em SCC9. Para a linhagem celular SCC25, a dose mais relevante foi a de 3.07J/cm², enquanto que para a linhagem DOK, a dose de 6.15J/cm² causou efeitos mais proeminentes. Estas respectivas doses foram escolhidas para cada uma das linhagens para dar continuidade aos experimentos de Western Blotting e Imunofluorescência. Dentre os resultados mais relevantes obtidos com estas técnicas, pode-se citar a variação dos níveis de pS6 e Ciclina D1 para a linhagem DOK em determinados períodos. Já a linhagem SCC9 apresentou variação dos níveis de pAkt e Ciclina D1 nos períodos estudados. A linhagem SCC25 também teve as expressões de pAkt, pS6 e Ciclina D1 modificadas por LLLT. De maneira interessante, o aparecimento ou manutenção de uma isoforma de Hsp90 foi encontrado em SCC9 e SCC25 após irradiação laser. Por fim, a indução de apoptose foi detectada na linhagem SCC25. Em conclusão, pode-se dizer que a LLLT, como empregada neste estudo, foi capaz de aumentar a expressão de proteínas relacionadas à progressão e invasão em todas as linhagens estudadas. Além disso, a irradiação laser foi única, apesar de ter causado efeitos prolongados, algumas vezes até o último período estudado. / Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an epithelial malignant neoplasm that accounts for approximately 500.000 new cases yearly around the world. Several studies have been conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of proliferation and invasion of this lesion, whereas the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway with its related proteins is being pointed out as one of the main pathways involved in HNSCC`s progression. Neoplastic cells, as well as cells that originate from different tissues may have their behavior modified by low level laser therapy (LLLT); however, the mechanisms through which the low level laser light interacts with these cells remain poorly understood. Thus, this study sought to evaluate the cell viability and the expression levels of Akt, pAkt, Hsp90, S6, pS6 and Cyclin D1 proteins in two oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lineages (SCC9 and SCC25) and in one oral dysplastic human keratinocyte cell line (DOK) after they had been treated with LLLT. The laser device was a semiconductor diode of Gallium and Aluminum Arsenate (GaAlAs), operating with wavelengths of 660nm (red) and 780nm (infrared), with a fixed power of 40mW and giving three different energy densities: 2.05J/cm², 3.07J/cm² and 6.15J/cm². Apoptosis was analyzed through TUNEL test and the protein expression was accessed with Immunofluorescence and Western blotting. After statistical analysis through two-way ANOVA and Tukey or Student`s T test, all of them with a level of significance of 5%, it was concluded that LLLT induced distinct behaviors to each of the studied cell lines. Increases and inhibitions in cell viabilities were detected depending on the wavelength and also on the irradiated cell line. The energy density of 2.05J/cm² produced the most significant findings over SCC9. On the other hand, in SCC25 the most relevant results were detected with 3.07J/cm², while the most prominent findings were seen with 6.15J/cm² when the cell line DOK was evaluated. In that way, these respective doses were chosen for each cell line to continue with Western blotting and Immunofluorescence. Among the most relevant findings, the variation of pS6 and Cyclin D1 levels can be cited for DOK in some evaluated periods. SCC9 presented both pAkt and Cyclin D1 variations in the studied periods. Besides that, SCC25 also had pAkt, pS6 and Cyclin D1 levels modified by LLLT. Interestingly, the appearance and maintenance of an Hsp90 isoform was found in SCC9 and SCC25 after laser irradiation. Moreover, the induction of apoptosis was detected for the SCC25 cell line. Finally, the LLLT employed herein was able to enhance the expression of proteins related to progression and invasion in all of the studied cell lines. In addition, there was a single laser irradiation, although it caused prolonged effects, sometimes through the latest evaluated period.
29

Tomographie par émission de positons au 18F-fluorodesoxyglucose et carcinome épidermoïde des voies aérodigestives supérieures réfractaire au traitement / 18F-fluorodesoxyglucose positon emission tomography for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma refractory to treatment

Abgral, Ronan 14 November 2013 (has links)
Nous avons initialement réalisé une étude prospective évaluant l’intérêt de la TEP-TDM au FDG pour le diagnostic de récidive infra-clinique des carcinomes épidermoïdes des voies aéro-digestives supérieures. Nos résultats ont montré d’excellentes performances de l’examen en surveillance systématique, permettant notamment le diagnostic de récidive chez environ 1/3 des patients cliniquement asymptomatiques 1 an après la fin du traitement. Nous avons ensuite étudié le bénéfice d’une évaluation thérapeutique précoce par TEP-TDM au FDG à 2 cures d’une chimiothérapie néoadjuvante par TPF précédant une radiochimiothérapie sur une cohorte de sujets porteurs d’un cancer localement avancé (stade IIIIVA). Nos résultats ont montré une corrélation statistiquement significative entre la réponse métabolique et la survie sans récidive, suggérant l’intérêt d’un examen intermédiaire pour cibler de façon précoce les patients réfractaires au traitement. Nous avons ensuite analysé prospectivement l’impact pronostique de la TEP-TDM au FDG réalisée en situation préthérapeutique dans le but de sélectionner encore plus précocement cette population à risque de récidive. Les résultats de nos 2 études ont prouvé que l’utilisation de paramètres volumétriques ou cinétiques de la captation intra-tumorale du FDG était prédictive de la survie globale, avec une valeur pronostique indépendante et supérieure à celle du SUVmax. Cette thèse ouvre ainsi des perspectives de nouvelles indications de la TEP-TDM au FDG dans la prise en charge des carcinomes épidermoïdes des VADS, soulève des problématiques de recherche avec notamment l’émergence des nouveaux traceurs permettant de caractériser au mieux la cellule tumorale et s’inscrit dans une volonté actuelle d’une médecine préventive et prédictive personnalisée. / We initially conducted a prospective study evaluating diagnostic interest of FDG PET-CT for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas subclinical recurrence. Our results showed FDG PET-CT high performance in systematic monitoring, especially for the diagnosis of recurrence in about one third of clinically asymptomatic patients 1 year after the end of treatment. Secondly, we studied the benefits of early treatment evaluation by FDG PET-CT after 2 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy by DCF (docetaxel, cysplatin, 5-fluorouracil) before chemoradiotherapy in a cohort of patients with locally advanced cancer (stage III-IVA). Our results showed a statistically significant correlation between metabolic tumor response and recurrence-free survival, suggesting the interest of an interim PETscan to early target patients refractory to treatment. Then, we prospectively analyzed the prognostic impact of FDG PET-CT performed at initial staging in order to select earlier this population at risk for recurrence. The results of our two studies proved that the use of volumetric or kinetic parameters of intratumoral FDG uptake was predictive of overall survival, with an independent prognostic value and a higher performance to SUVmax. Thus, this thesis opens new perspectives indications of FDG PET-CT in the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, raises research issues such as the emergence of new tracers to characterize at best the tumor cell and falls within a current commitment to move towards a personalized preventive and predictive medicine.
30

Análise da expressão e mecanismos de ação das proteínas Akt, Hsp90, mTOR e ciclina D1 em cultura de células de carcinoma epidermoide humano e células displásicas após irradiação com laser em baixa intensidade / The expression and action mechanisms of Akt, Hsp90, mTOR and cyclin D1 proteins in cultured cells of squamous cell carcinoma and dysplastic cells after being irradiated with low level laser therapy

Felipe Fornias Sperandio 06 December 2012 (has links)
O carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço é uma neoplasia maligna de origem epitelial que resulta em aproximadamente 500.000 novos casos por ano ao redor do mundo. Diversos estudos têm sido conduzidos de maneira a elucidar os mecanismos de proliferação e invasão desta doença, sendo a via de sinalização Akt/mTOR e proteínas relacionadas, apontada como uma das principais vias envolvidas em sua progressão. Sabe-se que células neoplásicas, bem como células de diferentes tecidos, podem ter seu comportamento modificado após terem sido irradiadas com laser em baixa intensidade (LLLT). Porém, os mecanismos de atuação da luz laser de baixa potência sobre estas células permanecem ainda não completamente esclarecidos. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi o de analisar a viabilidade celular e expressão das proteínas Akt, pAkt, Hsp90, S6, pS6 e Ciclina D1 em duas linhagens celulares de carcinoma de boca (SCC9 e SCC25), bem como em uma linhagem de queratinócitos orais humanos com displasia (DOK) após irradiação com laser em baixa intensidade. O laser utilizado foi um diodo semicondutor de arseneto de Gálio e Alumínio (GaAlAs) operando nos comprimentos de onda vermelho (660nm) e infravermelho (780nm), com potência fixa em 40mW e três densidades de energia para cada comprimento de onda disponível: 2.05J/cm², 3.07J/cm² e 6.15J/cm². A análise de apoptose foi realizada por meio do teste de TUNEL e a expressão proteica foi obtida com imunofluorescência e western blotting. Após análise estatística por meio do método ANOVA dois critérios e testes de Tukey ou teste T de estudante, todos com nível de significância de 5%, pôde-se concluir que a LLLT induziu comportamentos distintos em cada uma das linhagens celulares utilizadas. Foi notado aumento, bem como diminuição da viabilidade celular, dependendo do comprimento de onda utilizado e das células irradiadas. A densidade de energia de 2.05J/cm² foi a que produziu efeitos mais significativos em SCC9. Para a linhagem celular SCC25, a dose mais relevante foi a de 3.07J/cm², enquanto que para a linhagem DOK, a dose de 6.15J/cm² causou efeitos mais proeminentes. Estas respectivas doses foram escolhidas para cada uma das linhagens para dar continuidade aos experimentos de Western Blotting e Imunofluorescência. Dentre os resultados mais relevantes obtidos com estas técnicas, pode-se citar a variação dos níveis de pS6 e Ciclina D1 para a linhagem DOK em determinados períodos. Já a linhagem SCC9 apresentou variação dos níveis de pAkt e Ciclina D1 nos períodos estudados. A linhagem SCC25 também teve as expressões de pAkt, pS6 e Ciclina D1 modificadas por LLLT. De maneira interessante, o aparecimento ou manutenção de uma isoforma de Hsp90 foi encontrado em SCC9 e SCC25 após irradiação laser. Por fim, a indução de apoptose foi detectada na linhagem SCC25. Em conclusão, pode-se dizer que a LLLT, como empregada neste estudo, foi capaz de aumentar a expressão de proteínas relacionadas à progressão e invasão em todas as linhagens estudadas. Além disso, a irradiação laser foi única, apesar de ter causado efeitos prolongados, algumas vezes até o último período estudado. / Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an epithelial malignant neoplasm that accounts for approximately 500.000 new cases yearly around the world. Several studies have been conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of proliferation and invasion of this lesion, whereas the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway with its related proteins is being pointed out as one of the main pathways involved in HNSCC`s progression. Neoplastic cells, as well as cells that originate from different tissues may have their behavior modified by low level laser therapy (LLLT); however, the mechanisms through which the low level laser light interacts with these cells remain poorly understood. Thus, this study sought to evaluate the cell viability and the expression levels of Akt, pAkt, Hsp90, S6, pS6 and Cyclin D1 proteins in two oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lineages (SCC9 and SCC25) and in one oral dysplastic human keratinocyte cell line (DOK) after they had been treated with LLLT. The laser device was a semiconductor diode of Gallium and Aluminum Arsenate (GaAlAs), operating with wavelengths of 660nm (red) and 780nm (infrared), with a fixed power of 40mW and giving three different energy densities: 2.05J/cm², 3.07J/cm² and 6.15J/cm². Apoptosis was analyzed through TUNEL test and the protein expression was accessed with Immunofluorescence and Western blotting. After statistical analysis through two-way ANOVA and Tukey or Student`s T test, all of them with a level of significance of 5%, it was concluded that LLLT induced distinct behaviors to each of the studied cell lines. Increases and inhibitions in cell viabilities were detected depending on the wavelength and also on the irradiated cell line. The energy density of 2.05J/cm² produced the most significant findings over SCC9. On the other hand, in SCC25 the most relevant results were detected with 3.07J/cm², while the most prominent findings were seen with 6.15J/cm² when the cell line DOK was evaluated. In that way, these respective doses were chosen for each cell line to continue with Western blotting and Immunofluorescence. Among the most relevant findings, the variation of pS6 and Cyclin D1 levels can be cited for DOK in some evaluated periods. SCC9 presented both pAkt and Cyclin D1 variations in the studied periods. Besides that, SCC25 also had pAkt, pS6 and Cyclin D1 levels modified by LLLT. Interestingly, the appearance and maintenance of an Hsp90 isoform was found in SCC9 and SCC25 after laser irradiation. Moreover, the induction of apoptosis was detected for the SCC25 cell line. Finally, the LLLT employed herein was able to enhance the expression of proteins related to progression and invasion in all of the studied cell lines. In addition, there was a single laser irradiation, although it caused prolonged effects, sometimes through the latest evaluated period.

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