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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Avaliação da efetividade do laser terapêutico no controle de índice de dor de pacientes em tratamento ortodôntico /

Martins, Isabela Parsekian. January 2011 (has links)
Orientador: Ary dos Santos Pinto / Banca: Luiz Gonzaga Gandini Junior / Banca: Ana Claudia Moreira de Melo / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a aplicação do laser diodo AsGaAl no controle da sensação dolorosa de paciente em procedimento de separação dental dos 1os molares inferiores. Participaram da pesquisa 62 pacientes com idade média de 19,7 anos que iniciaram o tratamento ortodôntico na Clínica de Pós-Graduação da Disciplina de Ortodontia do Departamento de Clínica Infantil da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara - UNESP. Os pacientes foram divididos em 4 grupos alternando a aplicação do laser com e sem efeito terapêutico e de acordo com rodízio do lado do início de sua aplicação: GrupoI- Início laser lado direito; Grupo II- Início placebo lado direito; Grupo III- Início laser lado esquerdo Grupo IV -Início placebo lado esquerdo. O laser, com ou sem efeito terapêutico, foi aplicado antes da separação, 24 e 48 horas após a separação. A dor foi avaliada por uma escala visual analógica. O índice de dor foi registrado antes e após a aplicação do laser com ou sem efeito terapêutico dependendo do grupo, e imediatamente após a separação. Após 24 e 48 horas, o registro da dor se deu antes e após as aplicações de laser com ou sem efeito terapêutico dependendo do grupo. Antes e após a irradiação, a média dos escores da EVA para o grupo placebo e laser foi de zero. Logo após a separação, a média da EVA para o grupo placebo foi de 1,6, significantemente maior que a média de 1,1 registrada para o grupo laser 17 (p=0,013). Após 24 horas e antes da nova irradiação, os valores de dor registrados entre os grupos não se mostraram diferentes, com valores de 2,6 e 2,2 para os grupos placebo e laser, respectivamente. Após a irradiação, os valores caíram para 1,8 e 1,6 não se mostrando diferentes. Após 48 horas, os valores... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this research was to compare the effect single low-level laser therapy (LLLT) irradiation on pain perception in patients having fixed appliance treatment in the clinic of postgraduate discipline Orthodontics Department, Araraquara-UNESP. Sixty-two patients with mean age, 19.7 years, were recruited to participate in this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. The pacients were assigned to 4 groups: Group I- Laser on the right side; Group II- Placebo on the right side; Group III- Laser on the left side; Group IV- Placebo on the left. The laser or placebo was applied before separation, 24 and 48 hours after separation of their first permanent molars in the lower arch. The pain was recorded by a visual analog scale. The data of the pain's scale was recorded before and after the laser's or placebo's irradiation depending on the group, and immediately after separation and then after 24 and 48 hours. Before and after irradiation, the average of the scores of EVA to the placebo group and laser was zero. Just after the separation, the average of the EVA for the placebo group was 1.6, significantly greater than the average of 1.1 registered for the laser Group (p = 0.013). After 24 hours and before the new irradiation, the values registered among the different groups did not show any diferences, with values from 2.2 to 2.6 and placebo groups and laser, respectively. After irradiation, the values dropped to 1.8 and 1.6 not showing 19 differences. After 48 hours, the values continued dropping without any differences. In relation to the gender, only after the first irradiation in placebo group, the female had a level of pain (0.1) significantly higher (p = 0.04) compared to male, and after 48 hours, the group where the laser was applied had a difference (p = 0.04) among the gender with a value of lower pain... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
2

Laser de baixa potência na prevenção de mucosite em pacientes submetidos à quimioterapia com fluorouracil e ácido folínico / Low level laser therapy in oral mucositis prevention on patients submitted to fluorouracil and folinic acid chemotherapy

Gambirazi, Liane Marmo 11 December 2007 (has links)
A mucosite oral constitui efeito colateral dose-limitante da quimioterapia, relativamente freqüente, desconfortável e potencialmente letal. O controle terapêutico é sintomático e ainda inexiste procedimento estabelecido para prevenir a sua manifestação. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a eficácia do laser de baixa potência na prevenção da mucosite oral e as influências de variáveis demográficas (idade e sexo), subjetivas (xerostomia e paladar) e objetivas (história médica), em pacientes portadores de adenocarcinoma de cólon, submetidos à quimioterapia com fluorouracil (5-FU) e ácido folínico (Leucovorin®). Quarenta e oito pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. 18 homens e 30 mulheres, na faixa etária dos 37 aos 78 anos com média de idade de 62,5 anos. Os pacientes foram endereçados, seqüencial e alternadamente, para dois grupos. Vinte e cinco pacientes compuseram o grupo submetido à aplicação preventiva de laser (grupo LP) e 23 pacientes receberam aplicação placebo (grupo C). A aplicação do laser, preventivo ou placebo, foi realizada na semana de infusão da quimioterapia, uma única vez, e os pacientes foram reavaliados após sete dias. O laser utilizado foi o AlGaInP, 660nm, fluência de 3J/cm2. Os graus de mucosite foram mensurados pela escala WHO, e a xerostomia e a dor por escala visual analógica (VAS). Os pacientes que desenvolveram mucosite receberam aplicação terapêutica de laser, independentemente a que grupo pertencesse. Vinte e um pacientes cumpriram os seis ciclos programados de quimioterapia (10 C e 11 LP), e 27 pacientes completaram apenas parte do protocolo (13 C e 14 LP). Houve ocorrência similar de mucosite oral entre os grupos, cuja freqüência variou em torno de 50% em cada ciclo, com a seguinte distribuição média: 22% de mucosite grau 1, 18% de grau 2, 10% de grau 3 e nenhum grau 4. Foram registrados 95 episódios de mucosite nos 188 ciclos de quimioterapia dos 48 pacientes incluídos no estudo. Nos 126 ciclos dos 21 pacientes que cumpriram todo o protocolo ocorreram 63 episódios de mucosite. A análise estatística não mostrou diferença significativa quanto à ocorrência de mucosite entre os grupos. Os pacientes do sexo feminino, pacientes acima de 60 anos de idade e a queixa de xerostomia prévia à quimioterapia, embora tenham mostrado tendência a diferença em alguns ciclos, não mantiveram essa característica na análise integral dos resultados. Pacientes com queixa de alteração de paladar prévio à quimioterapia e história de diabetes mellitus e gastrite manifestaram quadros mais graves de mucosite que a média geral da população estudada. O efeito benéfico do laser terapêutico foi altamente significante para os pacientes que desenvolveram mucosite oral. Concluiu-se que uma única aplicação de laser de baixa potência não foi efetiva para prevenir a mucosite oral na população estudada. Pacientes portadores de diabetes, gastrite, queixa de alteração de paladar e aqueles que manifestam graus mais severos de mucosite nos ciclos iniciais da quimioterapia merecem maior atenção no seguimento em função do pior prognóstico demonstrado neste estudo. / Oral mucositis is a debilitating, dose-limited complication of chemotherapy, fairly common, debilitating and potentially lethal. Its treatment is symptomatic and there are no preventive guidelines available yet. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of low level laser therapy (LLLT) in oral mucositis prevention and the influence of demographic (age, gender), subjective (xerostomia, taste) and objective (medical history) factors as well. Forty-eight colorectal adenocarcinoma patients submitted to fluorouracil (5-FU) and folinic acid (Leucovorin®) chemotherapy protocol were enrolled in the trial, 18 men, 30 women, ranging from 37 to 78 y.o., mean 62,5 years. Two study groups were sequentially and alternately constituted. Twenty-five patients were submitted to a preventive laser treatment (LP group) and 23 received a placebo irradiation (C group). Laser treatment, effective or placebo, was delivered one time at the beginning of the chemotherapy infusion week. Every patient was reevaluated seven days after. An AlGaInP device, 660nm, was utilized with 3J/cm2 of fluency. Oral mucositis were graded according to WHO scale. Pain and xerostomia levels were evaluated through visual analogue scale (VAS). Patients who presented oral mucositis received therapeutic laser sessions, no matter to which group they were originally driven to. Twenty-one patients undergone all six cycles of the chemotherapy protocol planned (10C, 11LP) and 27 patients accomplished only partially the chemotherapy cycles (13C, 14LP). Oral mucositis were similarly distributed between the groups studied, around 50% in every cycle: 22% of grade 1 mucositis, 18% grade 2, 10% grade 3 and none grade 4. Ninety-five oral mucositis episodes were observed in the 188 cycles followed by the 48 patients in the study group; and 63 oral mucositis episodes were registered among the 21 patients followed through 126 chemotherapy cycles. Statistical analysis showed no difference between the groups on oral mucositis manifestation. The aspects of female gender, aged over 60 and xerostomia symptoms previous to chemotherapy, showed a slight difference in some cycles but no overall statistic significance was demonstrated. Patients with taste impairment previous to chemotherapy, history of diabetes and gastritis showed more severe pictures of mucositis than the overall population studied. Laser treatment was highly effective for patients who exhibited high grade oral mucositis. We concluded that a unique LLLT irradiation was ineffective as a preventive procedure for oral mucositis in the population evaluated. In addition, patients with diabetes, gastritis, taste impairment and patients who develop severe pictures of mucositis at the beginning of chemotherapy regimens should receive more attention since they exhibited poor prognosis in this research.
3

Physical activity, vascular risk and cognitive performance in young adults

Hwang, Jungyun 04 September 2015 (has links)
A growing body of literature suggests that higher levels of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness, as well as an alternative treatment such as low level laser therapy (LLLT), have beneficial effects on cognition, while sedentary lifestyle-induced obesity and vascular risk negatively influence cognition. However, the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and vascular risk on cognitive function and the effect of an acute bout of very vigorous aerobic exercise (acute exercise) on cognitive performance has not yet been investigated. Additionally, the effects of combined acute exercise and LLLT treatments on cognitive performance have not yet been characterized. Therefore, the goal of this dissertation was to conduct a series of three research studies ranging from a cross-sectional exploratory study about the association of cardiorespiratory fitness, obesity, and vascular risk on cognitive function, to an experimentally designed study that compared the effects of acute exercise, LLLT, and the combination of these two treatments on cognitive performance in young adults. Study1 examined the relationship among cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption, VO2max), obesity indices (body mass index, BMI; waist circumstance), and vascular risk (C-reactive protein; CRP). Cognitive function included crystalized intelligence (Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test; KBIT), executive functions of inhibition (Stroop test), switching (Trail making test; TMT), attention (Psychomotor Vigilance Task; PVT), and working memory (Delayed-Match-to-Sample, DMS). Study 2 determined the effect of acute exercise on cognitive performance including executive response inhibition (Stroop test) and response switching (TMT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF). Study 3 compared the effectiveness of LLLT and acute exercise on cognitive performance, which included attention (PVT) and working memory (DMS). Results demonstrated there was a beneficial effect of physical exercise-induced improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness on vascular risk and cognitive functions particularly in working memory and inhibitory control (Study1). Acute exercise improved performance in inhibitory control and increased the BNDF level compared to the control condition, suggesting the acute exercise-induced the increase in BDNF level may be at least in part of mediating the cognitive performance improvement (Study 2). All three conditions (acute exercise, LLLT, or the combination) improved performance in attention and working memory, as measured by reaction time and response accuracy, when compared to a control group. Specially, the combined group showed a trend of greater improvement in attention and worming memory performance (Study 3). Taken together, the results of this research series suggest that acute exercise and LLLT can improve cognitive performance, which is also mediated by health indices including cardiorespiratory fitness, obesity, and vascular risk. It is anticipated that these findings will make substantive contributions to the empirical literature concerning the beneficial effect of exercise and LLLT on cognitive health in young adults, given the current paucity of research. / text
4

Potência do laser de baixa intensidade na viabilidade do retalho cutâneo randômico em ratos / Power of low-intensity laser on the viability of random skin flap in rats

Costa, Maíra Silva da [UNIFESP] 25 March 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-25 / O retalho cutâneo é um procedimento cirúrgico freqüente na cirurgia plástica, essencialmente nas perdas de substâncias, sendo fundamental na reconstrução funcional e estética de deformidades traumáticas, congênitas ou de origem neoplásica. A insuficiência arterial do retalho é a principal complicação que, se duradoura, pode levar à necrose. O laser de baixa intensidade tem merecido destaque por promover aumento da microcirculação, aceleração do processo cicatricial de feridas e neoformação vascular. Objetivo: Investigar a Potência do laser de baixa intensidade na viabilidade do retalho cutâneo randômico, em ratos. Métodos: Trinta e seis animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em grupo controle; grupo tratado com potência de 30mW e grupo tratado com potência de 60mW. Em ambos os grupos tratados foram utilizados a fluência de 3J/cm2. O retalho cutâneo foi realizado nos animais com uma barreira plástica interposta entre o retalho e o leito doador. A irradiação laser foi aplicada imediatamente após a operação e nos dias 1, 2, 3 e 4 após a operação. As porcentagens das áreas de necroses dos retalhos foram calculadas no 7º dia pós-operatório. Adicionalmente, 4 fragmentos de cada retalho foram coletados para calcular a densidade vascular segundo método bidimensional. Resultados: Os animais tratados mostraram a área de necrose estatisticamente menor do que o grupo controle (53 por cento). A necrose nos grupos tratados foi 24 por cento (grupo 30mW) e 25 por cento (grupo 60mW). Quanto à densidade vascular, os animais tratados demonstraram aumento estatisticamente significante em relação ao grupo controle (37 por cento), O grupo 30mW apresentou 57 por cento de densidade vascular e o grupo 60mW apresentou 59 por cento. Conclusão: O laser de baixa intensidade foi eficaz no aumento da viabilidade do retalho cutâneo randômico, não havendo diferenças entre as potências utilizadas / Background and Objectives: Potency values in low level laser therapy (LLLT) are not well defined. This present study was designed to assess the effects of LLLT with output power of 30 and 60mW, in the viability of a random skin flap in rats. Methods: Thirty six wistar rats were randomically divided in three groups: control (CG), was not irradiated; 30 mW potency (30mW) and 60 mW potency (60mW). In both treated groups a fluency of 3J/cm2 was used. Two minutes after elevation of a random pattern, cranially based, dorsal flap (4 x 10 cm), laser irradiation was applied and repeated on the first, second, third and fourth postoperative days. Percentages of flap necrosis were calculated on the seventh postoperative day. Also, four fragments of each flap were collected in order to allow determination of the percentages of vascular density, according to bidimensional method the blood vessels morphometric analysis. Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon’s test and Kruskal Wallis’ variance analysis. A significance level of 5 % was elected (p ≤ 0.005). Results: Laser treated animals presented significantly less necrosis than control rats (CG = 53 % x 30G = 24 %; p <0.05) (CG x 60G = 25 %; p < 0.05). No difference was found between laser treated animals. Also, laser treated animals presented significantly more vascular density than control rats (CG = 37 % x 30G = 57 %; p <0.05) (CG x 60G = 59 %; p < 0.05). No difference was found between laser treated animals. Conclusion: Low level laser with potency of 30 and 60mW, increased the viability of a random skin flap in rats. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
5

Laser de baixa potência na prevenção de mucosite em pacientes submetidos à quimioterapia com fluorouracil e ácido folínico / Low level laser therapy in oral mucositis prevention on patients submitted to fluorouracil and folinic acid chemotherapy

Liane Marmo Gambirazi 11 December 2007 (has links)
A mucosite oral constitui efeito colateral dose-limitante da quimioterapia, relativamente freqüente, desconfortável e potencialmente letal. O controle terapêutico é sintomático e ainda inexiste procedimento estabelecido para prevenir a sua manifestação. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a eficácia do laser de baixa potência na prevenção da mucosite oral e as influências de variáveis demográficas (idade e sexo), subjetivas (xerostomia e paladar) e objetivas (história médica), em pacientes portadores de adenocarcinoma de cólon, submetidos à quimioterapia com fluorouracil (5-FU) e ácido folínico (Leucovorin®). Quarenta e oito pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. 18 homens e 30 mulheres, na faixa etária dos 37 aos 78 anos com média de idade de 62,5 anos. Os pacientes foram endereçados, seqüencial e alternadamente, para dois grupos. Vinte e cinco pacientes compuseram o grupo submetido à aplicação preventiva de laser (grupo LP) e 23 pacientes receberam aplicação placebo (grupo C). A aplicação do laser, preventivo ou placebo, foi realizada na semana de infusão da quimioterapia, uma única vez, e os pacientes foram reavaliados após sete dias. O laser utilizado foi o AlGaInP, 660nm, fluência de 3J/cm2. Os graus de mucosite foram mensurados pela escala WHO, e a xerostomia e a dor por escala visual analógica (VAS). Os pacientes que desenvolveram mucosite receberam aplicação terapêutica de laser, independentemente a que grupo pertencesse. Vinte e um pacientes cumpriram os seis ciclos programados de quimioterapia (10 C e 11 LP), e 27 pacientes completaram apenas parte do protocolo (13 C e 14 LP). Houve ocorrência similar de mucosite oral entre os grupos, cuja freqüência variou em torno de 50% em cada ciclo, com a seguinte distribuição média: 22% de mucosite grau 1, 18% de grau 2, 10% de grau 3 e nenhum grau 4. Foram registrados 95 episódios de mucosite nos 188 ciclos de quimioterapia dos 48 pacientes incluídos no estudo. Nos 126 ciclos dos 21 pacientes que cumpriram todo o protocolo ocorreram 63 episódios de mucosite. A análise estatística não mostrou diferença significativa quanto à ocorrência de mucosite entre os grupos. Os pacientes do sexo feminino, pacientes acima de 60 anos de idade e a queixa de xerostomia prévia à quimioterapia, embora tenham mostrado tendência a diferença em alguns ciclos, não mantiveram essa característica na análise integral dos resultados. Pacientes com queixa de alteração de paladar prévio à quimioterapia e história de diabetes mellitus e gastrite manifestaram quadros mais graves de mucosite que a média geral da população estudada. O efeito benéfico do laser terapêutico foi altamente significante para os pacientes que desenvolveram mucosite oral. Concluiu-se que uma única aplicação de laser de baixa potência não foi efetiva para prevenir a mucosite oral na população estudada. Pacientes portadores de diabetes, gastrite, queixa de alteração de paladar e aqueles que manifestam graus mais severos de mucosite nos ciclos iniciais da quimioterapia merecem maior atenção no seguimento em função do pior prognóstico demonstrado neste estudo. / Oral mucositis is a debilitating, dose-limited complication of chemotherapy, fairly common, debilitating and potentially lethal. Its treatment is symptomatic and there are no preventive guidelines available yet. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of low level laser therapy (LLLT) in oral mucositis prevention and the influence of demographic (age, gender), subjective (xerostomia, taste) and objective (medical history) factors as well. Forty-eight colorectal adenocarcinoma patients submitted to fluorouracil (5-FU) and folinic acid (Leucovorin®) chemotherapy protocol were enrolled in the trial, 18 men, 30 women, ranging from 37 to 78 y.o., mean 62,5 years. Two study groups were sequentially and alternately constituted. Twenty-five patients were submitted to a preventive laser treatment (LP group) and 23 received a placebo irradiation (C group). Laser treatment, effective or placebo, was delivered one time at the beginning of the chemotherapy infusion week. Every patient was reevaluated seven days after. An AlGaInP device, 660nm, was utilized with 3J/cm2 of fluency. Oral mucositis were graded according to WHO scale. Pain and xerostomia levels were evaluated through visual analogue scale (VAS). Patients who presented oral mucositis received therapeutic laser sessions, no matter to which group they were originally driven to. Twenty-one patients undergone all six cycles of the chemotherapy protocol planned (10C, 11LP) and 27 patients accomplished only partially the chemotherapy cycles (13C, 14LP). Oral mucositis were similarly distributed between the groups studied, around 50% in every cycle: 22% of grade 1 mucositis, 18% grade 2, 10% grade 3 and none grade 4. Ninety-five oral mucositis episodes were observed in the 188 cycles followed by the 48 patients in the study group; and 63 oral mucositis episodes were registered among the 21 patients followed through 126 chemotherapy cycles. Statistical analysis showed no difference between the groups on oral mucositis manifestation. The aspects of female gender, aged over 60 and xerostomia symptoms previous to chemotherapy, showed a slight difference in some cycles but no overall statistic significance was demonstrated. Patients with taste impairment previous to chemotherapy, history of diabetes and gastritis showed more severe pictures of mucositis than the overall population studied. Laser treatment was highly effective for patients who exhibited high grade oral mucositis. We concluded that a unique LLLT irradiation was ineffective as a preventive procedure for oral mucositis in the population evaluated. In addition, patients with diabetes, gastritis, taste impairment and patients who develop severe pictures of mucositis at the beginning of chemotherapy regimens should receive more attention since they exhibited poor prognosis in this research.
6

Evaluation of critical parameters of low level laser irradiation on human osteoblast cell proliferation and differentiation

Waddoups, Samuel Dean 01 January 2012 (has links)
Abstract Orthodontic tooth movement is a biological response to a mechanical force. One of the challenges in orthodontics is obtaining desired tooth movement during treatment. Accelerating tooth movement and decreasing demands on anchorage can reduce treatment times and overall satisfaction for patient and doctor. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is emerging as a technology that may decrease orthodontic treatment time. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have reported the effects of low level lasers at random time points and energy densities. None of the studies have optimized the dose required for osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. The purpose of this study was to find the optimum stimulatory dose of low level laser irradiation (LLLI) on human osteoblast cell proliferation and differentiation and to analyze our findings with reference to the Arndt-Shultz Law of applied energy. In this in vitro study a GaAlAs laser at 830nm, 20 mW with continuous exposure at various doses were used on a human osteoblast cell line. According to the Arndt-Shulz Law weak stimuli initiate vital activity, moderate stimuli enhance the cellular activity with subsequent peak stimulation and greater stimuli (beyond a threshold value) may not have any influence or inhibit the vital activity. The implications of LLLI on human osteoblasts and influencing tooth movement in orthodontics were discussed. Human osteoblasts were cultured in minimum essential medium (MEM) complete medium consisting 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotics. Cells grown in complete medium were plated onto 96 well plate, allowed to adhere for 4-5 hours and were exposed to GaAlAs lasers at 6 , 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 45, 60, 75, and 90 seconds. The cells treated with xiii LLLI were assessed for cell proliferation at 24, 48 and 72 hour intervals. A calorimetric cell proliferation assay (WST-1) assay was performed according to manufacture's instructions. The results indicated that at 24 hours the 6 and 12 seconds doses significantly inhibited proliferation compared to the control. At 48 hours the 30 seconds exposure significantly increased proliferation. At 72 hours time interval, cell proliferation was observed in a dose dependent pattern with a minimum at 6 seconds with peak proliferation at 18 seconds. A gradual decrease in cell viability was observed in the cells treated beyond this dose with a maximum inhibition seen at 60 seconds. At 75 and 90 seconds no difference was observed between the control and experimental group. To establish efficient acquisition of adequate quantities of alkaline phosphatase, cells were grown in 12 well plates in complete medium or osteogenic medium. These cells were exposed to LLLI for 18, 48, and 60 seconds. The activity of early osteogenic differentiation marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was investigated 10 days post exposure. Our results demonstrated that alkaline phosphatase activity at 2.4 - 7.3 J/cm2 with 48 - 60 seconds of exposure, and an incident power ranging from 85-269mw significantly increased. The findings suggest that these irradiated cells obeyed the Arndt Shulz Law governing cellular response to applied energy. Further this research indicates the possible role of LLLT to accelerate tooth movement in orthodontics. Complete disclosure of low level laser parameters is essential in order to accurately compare findings of researchers.
7

Laser de baixa intensidade (670nm) na viabilidade do retalho cutâneo randômico em ratos / Low level laser therapy (670nm) on the viability of random skin flap in rats

Bossini, Paulo Sérgio 28 February 2007 (has links)
Os retalhos cutâneos são amplamente utilizados na cirurgia plástica, principalmente na reparadora. Após o procedimento operatório, uma das principais complicações é a isquemia, podendo ocasionar a necrose do retalho. Vários recursos têm sido estudados com o intuito de aumentar a viabilidade desses retalhos. Dentre esses recursos, o laser de baixa intensidade é uma alternativa de tratamento, uma vez que pode promover um aumento da microcirculação e da neoformação vascular. Entretanto, existem discrepâncias na literatura em relação aos parâmetros empregados no uso do laser de baixa intensidade, principalmente das fluências utilizadas nos tratamentos. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito de diferentes fluências do laser de 670nm, na viabilidade do retalho cutâneo randômico em ratos. Foram utilizados 100 ratos, da linhagem Wistar, distribuídos em 5 grupos de 20 animais cada. O retalho cutâneo randômico de base cranial foi realizado com dimensões de 10 X 4 cm e uma barreira plástica foi interposta entre o mesmo e o leito doador. O grupo 1 (controle) foi submetido à simulação de tratamento com o aparelho desligado. O grupo 2 foi submetido à radiação laser com fluência de 3 J/\'CM POT.2\'. Os grupos 3, 4 e 5 foram irradiados com fluências de 6 J/\'CM POT.2\', 12 J/\'CM POT.2\' e 24 J/\'CM POT.2\', respectivamente. Todos os grupos experimentais receberam a radiação laser imediatamente após o procedimento operatório e nos 4 dias subseqüentes, utilizando-se a técnica pontual em contato em 24 pontos distribuídos sobre e ao redor do retalho. No sétimo dia pós-operatório, as porcentagens da área de necrose dos retalhos foram avaliadas pelo método do gabarito de papel e também foi coletada uma amostra do retalho de 10 animais de cada grupo, escolhidos aleatoriamente, para a realização da contagem dos vasos sangüíneos. O grupo 1 apresentou média de área de necrose de 49,92%; o grupo 2 - 41,84%; o grupo 3 - 36,51%; o grupo 4 - 29,45% e o grupo 5 - 20,37%. Na contagem dos vasos, o grupo 1 obteve média de 65,2; o grupo 2 - 92,6; o grupo 3 - 105,5; o grupo 4 - 128,7 e o grupo 5 - 171,0. Na análise estatística, realizou-se a ANOVA, seguida do teste de comparações múltiplas de Tukey. Os resultados mostraram que todos os grupos experimentais apresentaram valores estatisticamente significativos comparados ao grupo controle, sendo que o grupo 5 apresentou a menor área de necrose e o maior número de vasos quando comparado aos demais grupos deste estudo (p < 0,01). O teste de correlação linear de Pearson indicou alta correlação negativa entre a porcentagem de necrose e o número de vasos dos retalhos (-0,972 / p = 0,0001). O laser de baixa intensidade (670nm) aplicado com fluência de 24 J/\'CM POT.2\' foi mais eficaz no aumento da viabilidade do retalho cutâneo randômico em ratos, comparado às outras fluências utilizadas neste estudo. / Skin flaps are widely used in plastic surgery, mainly in repair surgeries. After this reconstructive procedure, one of the main consequences is the decrease of blood flow in the area, which can be responsible by tissue necrosis. In this context, a lot of studies have investigated treatments able to increase the viability of the flap and the low level laser therapy (LLLT) has been chosen as an efficient treatment to reduce post-injury inflammatory processes and to stimulate the formation of new blood vessels. However, the use of a wide range of fluences by different authors and the lack of standardized experimental conditions make it difficult to compare published results. The aim of this study was to investigate the dose-response effects of 670nm laser on the viability of random skin flap in rats. One hundred Wistar male rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into 5 groups: group 1 (control group); group 2 (treated with 3 J/\'CM POT.2\'); group 3 (treated with 6 J/\'CM POT.2\'); group 4 (treated with 12 J/\'CM POT.2\') and group 5 (treated with 24 J/\'CM POT.2\'). The skin flap was made on the back of all animals studied (dimensions: 10 x 4 cm) and before the sutures were done, a plastic sheet was interposed between the flap and the donor site. Laser irradiation was performed immediately after the surgery and on days 1, 2, 3 and 4 post-surgery. The irradiation was made punctually, on 24 points on the skin surface and around it. The percentage of the necrosis area of the flap was calculated by the paper template method at the day 7 postoperative. Moreover, a sample of the skin flaps was collected from 10 rats of each group, which were chosen aleatory, to performe the count of the blood vessels. The animals of all treated groups showed statistically significant differences when compared to the control group (necrosis area: 49, 92%). The necrosis area of the treated groups were 41,82% (group 2), 36,51% (group 3), 29,45% (group 4) and 20,37% (group 5). In the count of blood vessels, group 1 showed the mean of 65,2; group 2 - 92,6; group 3 - 105,5; group 4 - 128,7 and group 5 - 171,0. The ANOVA test, followed by the Tukey test, for multiple comparasions were used. The results showed that all experimental groups showed statistically lower values for the necrosis area compared to the control and a higher number of blood vessels in the skin flap. It can be observed that the best results were found in the animals of group 5 (p < 0,01). In addition, the Pearson coefficient showed a significant negative correlation between necrosis area and the number of vessels (-0,972 / p = 0,0001). This present study has demonstrated that the 670nm laser was efficient to increase the viability of the skin flap, at all fluences used, with a tendency of reaching better results at higher dosages (24 J/\'CM POT.2\').
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Development of a Low-level laser therapy product for home use : With focus on function and aesthetic design

Sandström, Vendela, Klara, Westerberg January 2023 (has links)
Today, 27 out of 1000 individuals suffer from neck pain, affecting both individuals and society (Kazeminasab et al., 2022). These problems are most prevalent in the Scandinavian countries, with Sweden being one of the countries experiencing the greatest increase (Safiri et al., 2020). Non-invasive treatments for neck pain, such as low-level laser therapy, yoga, massage, aquatic therapy, and acupuncture, are already available in the market and have shown positive results (Kazeminasab et al., 2022). In this project, a handheld product with low-level laser therapy has been developed to reduce neck pain. The goal was to create a high-quality, safe, and reliable product that was aesthetically pleasing and could cover a premium market for home-use products. This thesis is produced at Luleå University of Technology in the spring semester of 2023 as a part of the Industrial Design Civil Engineering program. The project was conducted in collaboration with Ozoneair, a local company based in Luleå that specializes in producing air purifiers. The design process drew inspiration from IDEO's human-centered approach (2015) and incorporated various design methodologies to comprehend user requirements and develop a dependable product. The process encompassed three distinct phases, namely inspiration, ideation, and implementation, all of which centered around the target users. During the inspiration phase, user information was collected through contextual investigations, observations, interviews with experts, focus groups, and user testing of existing products in order to compile a comprehensive needs analysis. In the ideation phase, multiple concepts were generated and refined through iterative cycles of user testing, ultimately leading to the selection of a final concept. The chosen concept was realized in the implementation phase by creating of a digital prototype using Blender as a program, followed by the development of a full-scale physical prototype. The result is a clean and sleek product with a distinctive aesthetic that sets it apart in the market, diverging from the conventional sterile appearance often associated with medical devices. / Idag lider 27 av 1000 individer av nacksmärtor, vilket påverkar både individer och samhället i stort (Kazeminasab et al., 2022). Dessa problem är vanligast i de skandinaviska länderna, där Sverige är ett av de länder som upplever störst ökning (Safiri et al., 2020). Icke-invasiva behandlingar för nacksmärtor, såsom lågnivå laserterapi, yoga, massage, vattenterapi och akupunktur, finns redan på marknaden och har visat positiva resultat (Kazeminasab et al., 2022). I detta projekt har en handhållen produkt med low level laser thearpy utvecklats för att minska nacksmärtor. Målet var att skapa en högkvalitativ, säker och pålitlig produkt som är estetiskt tilltalande och som kan täcka en marknad för premiumprodukter för hemmabruk.  Detta examensarbete är framtaget vid Luleå tekniska universitet vårterminen 2023, som en del av civilingenjörsprogrammet Teknisk design. Projektet genomfördes i samarbete med Ozoneair, ett Luleåbaserat företag specialiserat på luftrenare. Designprocessen inspirerades av IDEOs (2015) människocentrerade process och inkluderade flera designmetoder för att förstå användarnas behov och skapa en pålitlig produkt. Processen bestod av tre faser: inspiration, idé och implementering, som alla fokuserade på potentiella användare. Inspirationsfasen gick ut på att samla information om användare genom kontextuella undersökningar, observationer, expertintervjuer, fokusgrupper och användartester av befintliga produkter, för att sedan sammanställa en behovsanalys. I idéfasen skapades och itererades olika koncept utifrån mindre användartester, vilket ledde fram till valet av ett slutgiltigt koncept. I implementeringsfasen väcktes konceptet till liv genom en digital prototyp i programmet Blender och en fullskalig fysisk prototyp. Slutprodukten är minimalistisk och avskalad, med ett unikt utseende som sticker ut på marknaden och utmärker sig från det klassiska sterila uttryck som medicintekniska produkter förknippas med.
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O uso do laser de baixa intensidade em indivíduos com zumbido e sem perda auditiva / The use of low level laser in individuals with tinnitus and without hearing loss

Silva, Mirele Regina da 13 February 2019 (has links)
Introdução: Entre as queixas mais comuns dentro dos consultórios de otorrinolaringologia e fonoaudiologia, o zumbido destaca-se como uma das que geram mais incômodo ao indivíduo. Existem várias modalidades para o tratamento do zumbido, com destaque para a terapia farmacêutica, fisioterapia, psicoterapia, cirurgia, e dentre as possibilidades de intervenção, vem crescendo o interesse no uso do laser de baixa intensidade. No entanto, apesar de existir na literatura internacional artigos sobre este assunto, há inúmeras divergências quanto ao protocolo de aplicação e a eficácia desse tratamento. Proposição: Verificar o efeito da fotobiomodulação em indivíduos com sintoma de zumbido crônico sem perda auditiva. Casuística e Métodos: O estudo foi desenvolvido no Centro Auditivo Ouvir Bauru, com a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e aquiescência do paciente confirmada mediante a assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Os pacientes que se enquadravam nos critérios de inclusão foram divididos aleatoriamente em Grupo 1: uso do laser de baixa intensidade e Grupo 2: uso do placebo. Foi realizado anamnese com os indivíduos antes da realização da bateria de testes e os dados coletados foram anotados no prontuário do mesmo. Após entrevista, iniciou-se a bateria de exames audiológicos que incluiu: audiometria tonal, audiometria de altas frequências, imitanciometria e acufenometria para descarte de perda auditiva, questionário Tinnitus Handicap Inventory para mensurar o nível de incomodo com o zumbido pré e pós tratamento e escala visual analógica para mensurar o nível de incômodo pré e pós aplicação do laser. O protocolo de fotobiomodulação incluiu 12 sessões de laser de baixa intensidade para o Grupo 1 e placebo para o Grupo 2, utilizando 4J na veia lingual no comprimento de onda vermelho, 4J na membrana timpânica direita e esquerda, no comprimento de onda vermelho e 9J na mastoide direita e esquerda, no comprimento de onda infra-vermelho. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 20 pacientes, sendo oito do sexo feminino e 12 do sexo masculino com média de idade de 54 anos. Não houve diferença estatística em função do grupo de intervenção e do momento de avaliação para os desfechos audiometria de altas frequências e acufenometria. A desvantagem dos indivíduos com zumbido crônico reduziu significativamente após a intervenção, independentemente da intervenção. Pode-se averiguar que a insatisfação dos indivíduos com zumbido crônico diminuiu significativamente com diferença entre as sessões iniciais e finais, independentemente do grupo de intervenção, porém, o Grupo 1 apresentou redução significativamente maior que o Grupo 2, independentemente do momento de avaliação e do número da sessão. Conclusão: Conclui-se que indivíduos com zumbido crônico reduziram a desvantagem independentemente do grupo de intervenção, e o nível de insatisfação com o zumbido nas sessões iniciais em relação as finais independentemente do momento de avaliação e do grupo de intervenção. O grupo que recebeu a fotobiomodulação melhorou mais o nível de insatisfação com o zumbido, independentemente do momento de avaliação e do número da sessão. / Introduction: Among the most common complaints within otorhinolaryngology and audiology clinics, tinnitus stands out as one of the most uncomfortable for the subject. There are several modalities for the treatment of tinnitus, with emphasis on pharmaceutical therapy, physiotherapy, psychotherapy, surgery, and among the possibilities of intervention, there is growing significance in the use of low level laser. Nevertheless, despite many articles in the international literature about this theme, there are several disagreements regarding the protocol of application and the efficacy of this treatment. Proposition: To verify the effect of laser therapy in individuals with chronic tinnitus symptom without hearing loss. Methods: The study was developed at the Centro Auditivo Ouvir - Bauru, with the acceptance of the Research Ethics Committee and patient acquiescence confirmed by signing the Informed Consent Term. Patients who suited the inclusion criteria were randomly set to Group 1: treated with low level laser and Group 2: treated with placebo laser. Anamnesis was applied with the individuals before the battery of tests and the data collected were registered in the individuals folder. after the interview, the audiological exams started, which included: tonal audiometry, high frequency audiometry, immittanciometry and acufenometry for hearing loss disposal, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory to measure the level of discomfort with tinnitus pre and post treatment and visual analogue scale to measure the level of discomfort with tinnitus pre and post laser application. The Laser Therapy protocol included 12 laser therapy sessions for Group 1 and placebo laser for Group 2, using 4J in the lingual vein in the red wavelength, 4J in the right and left tympanic membrane, in the red wavelength, and 9J in the right and left mastoid, at the infra-red wavelength. Results: the sample consisted of 20 patients, eight females and 12 males with the average of 54 years-old. There was no statistical difference in function of the intervention group and the moment of evaluation for the high frequency audiometry and acuphenometry outcomes. The disadvantage of individuals with chronic tinnitus reduced significantly after the intervention, regardless of the intervention. It can be verified that the annoyance of individuals with chronic tinnitus decreased significantly with difference between the initial and final sessions, independently of the intervention group, but Group 1 presented a greater reduction than Group 2, independently of the moment of evaluation and the number of the session. Conclusion: It was concluded that individuals with chronic tinnitus reduced the disadvantage independently of the intervention group, and the level of discontentment with tinnitus in the initial sessions according to the final ones independently of the moment of evaluation and the intervention group. The group receiving laser therapy further improved the level of tinnitus dissatisfaction, regardless of timing and session number.
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Avaliação in vitro da biomodulação de células de linhagem odontoblástica (MDPC-23) de camundongos com laser de baixa potência / Mouse odontoblastic cell behavior after bioestimulation with low-level laser therapy

Pereira, Luciana Batista 22 May 2009 (has links)
O laser de baixa intensidade ou terapêutico promove a biomodulação das respostas reparadoras naturais de células pulpares como os odontoblastos, sendo uma estratégia de tratamento a ser utilizada na terapia pulpar. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro o efeito da irradiação do laser terapêutico de arseniato de gálio e alumínio (GaAlAs) no comportamento da linhagem odontoblástica (MDPC-23) de camundongos. Células odontoblásticas foram plaqueadas na concentração de 104 células/poço (n=5) e submetidas às irradiações nos dias 0, 1, 2 e 3 após o plaqueamento. Foram avaliadas as doses de 0,2 e 1,0 J/cm2 e comparadas ao grupo controle não irradiado. Os parâmetros analisados foram proliferação e viabilidade celular, quantidade de proteína total, atividade de fosfatase alcalina após 3, 7, 10 e 14 dias; detecção e quantificação de matriz mineralizada após 14 dias e quantificação do fator de crescimento VEGF no sobrenadante das culturas após 7 e 10 dias. Imunofluorescência para proteínas colágenas e não-colágenas após 3, 7 e 10 dias foi realizada para verificar sua expressão qualitativa nos grupos propostos. Os resultados mostraram que o laser não afetou a viabilidade celular que ficou acima dos 90% em todos os grupos e períodos experimentais. De modo geral, os grupos irradiados apresentaram redução na proliferação, maior conteúdo de proteína total e maior atividade de ALP em relação ao observado no grupo controle. A marcação com vermelho de alizarina mostrou maior quantidade de áreas nodulares de matriz calcificada no grupo irradiado com 0,2 J/cm2, dados comprovados pela análise quantitativa. Uma maior concentração de VEGF no sobrenadante da cultura foi observada no grupo irradiado com a menor dose. A imunofluorescência revelou que a menor dose favoreceu a secreção de proteínas colágenas e não colágenas Portanto, o laser de baixa potência, dentro dos parâmetros empregados, favoreceu a expressão do fenótipo odontoblástico. / Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been studied as a strategy to be used in pulp therapy through biomodulation of its cells, like odontoblasts. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of biomodulation on odontoblastic cells using low-level GaAlAs laser. Odontoblastic cells were cultured in a concentration of 104 cells/well (n=5) and submitted to the energy fluencies of 0,2 and 1,0 J/cm2 and compared to control group. There were evaluated cell proliferation and viability, total protein content and alkaline phosphatase activity ( 3, 7, 10 and 14 days), as well as detection and quantification of mineralized nodules after 14 days and VEGF quantification after 7 and 10 days. Immunofluorescence for collagen and non-collagen proteins was performed to verify their qualitative expression in the proposed groups after 3, 7 and 10 days. The results showed that LLLT did not affect cell viability in all the experimental groups. The irradiated cultures presented reduction in the proliferation, higher total protein content and ALP activity compared to the control group. Staining with red alizarin showed greater amount of nodular areas of calcified matrix in the group irradiated with 0,2 J/cm2, data confirmed by quantitative analysis. It was also observed a higher concentration of VEGF in the culture of the cells irradiated with the lowest energy fluence as well as an enhancement of the secretion of collagen and non-collagen proteins revealed through immunofluorescence. It was concluded that therapy with LLLT favors the expression of odontoblastic phenotype.

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