Alimentação hedônica e homeostática são fatores independentes envolvidos no desenvolvimento da obesidade. Apesar de já se saber que a superalimentação precoce altera a alimentação não hedônica na vida adulta, pouco se sabe sobre seu impacto sobre a preferência por alimentos doces. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de verificar o comportamento alimentar de ratos superalimentados no período de lactação, com foco principalmente no comportamento alimentar hedônico, e correlacionar com o funcionamento do sistema dopaminérgico mesolímbico, que sabidamente está envolvido na sua regulação. Ninhadas de ratos foram reduzidas a 4 filhotes (ninhada pequena - SL) ou 8 filhotes (ninhada normal - NL) no dia 1 de vida. O desmame ocorreu no dia 21, e todos os testes foram realizados a partir do dia 84 de vida. O consumo de ração foi realizado em condições basais, em resposta à jejum de 24h, na presença de comida palatável (doce), durante isolamento social, e em resposta ao teste de pinçamento da cauda (tail-pinch). Antes de testados com alimento doce, os ratos foram habituados a esse alimento. Locomoção foi aferida em um aparato automatizado. A Área Tegmentar Ventral (VTA) e o Núcleo Accumbens (Acc) foram dissecados a partir de microfatias congeladas. Tecido muscular foi dissecado e processado para medida da fosforilação de AKT (p-AKT) em resposta à insulina. AKT, p-AKT e Tirosina Hidroxilase (TH) foram medidas por método de western-blot. A quantidade de gordura abdominal foi cuidadosamente dissecada e pesada. Resultados: Ratos SL foram mais pesados que os NL em todas as medidas, e ao sacrifício apresentavam maior gordura abdominal (p=0,035). A atividade locomotora não foi diferente quanto à distância percorrida, mas os ratos SL exploraram a região central por mais tempo, indicando menor comportamento ansioso (p=0,036). Não se encontrou diferenças quanto ao consumo de ração padrão (p=0.085) ou alimento doce em condições basais (p=0,65), mas ratos SL tiveram maior consumo de doce num paradigma de escolha com ração-padrão (p=0,017) e em resposta ao estresse de pinçamento da cauda (interação teste x grupo, p=0,006). TH encontrou-se aumentada em ratos SL, tanto no VTA (p=0.016) quanto no Acc (p=0,022). Ratos SL não diferiram quanto a fosforilação do AKT no músculo, porém tiveram menor AKT (p=0,047), o que sugere uma resistência periférica à insulina latente. Em conclusão, a exposição a superalimentação no período de lactação reduz a ansiedade, induz obesidade e programa o comportamento alimentar persistentemente, de maneira que esses animais têm maior preferência por alimento doce. A esses resultados se soma a alteração dos níveis de TH nas vias mesolímbicas, o que sugere a participação destas nessa alteração de comportamento. / Hedonic and homeostatic food intakes are independent factors involved in the development of obesity. Although it is well known that early life overfeeding increases food intake in adulthood, little is know about its impact on the palatable food preference in adulthood. We aimed at verifying feeding behavior in this model, with special focus in the hedonic compound, and correlate it to the dopaminergic mesolimbic pathway known to be involved in its regulation. Rat litters were standardized to 4 (small litter - SL) or 8 pups (normal litter- NL) at postnatal day 1. Weaning was at day 21, and all tests were conducted after day 84 of life. Chow consumption was measured at baseline, in response to 24h fasting, in the presence of palatable food, during social isolation and after 1 min. tail pinch stress. Prior to testing sweet food, rats were habituated to the sweet pellets. Locomotion was assessed in an automated box. The ventral tegmentar area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens were micro dissected from frozen brain slices. Muscular tissue was also dissected for assessing the phosphorylation of Akt in response to an insulin challenge. Akt, pAkt and TH proteins were assessed by Western-blot. The abdominal fat content was weighed. Results: SL rats were heavier than NL at all time points and had increased abdominal fat at sacrifice (p=0.035). Locomotor activity was not different with regard to total distance, but RL rats spent more time in the center of the box, an indicative of less anxiety (p=0.036). No difference was found in chow (p=0.085) or sweet food intake at baseline (p=0.65), but SL rats had higher intake of sweet pellets in a two food choice paradigm (p=0.017) and in response to tail pinch stress (test x group interaction, p=0.006). TH was higher in SL rats VTA (p=0.016) and in the nucleus accumbens (p=0.022). SL animals had decreased Akt in the muscle (p=0.047), which suggest a latent peripheral insulin resistance, but p-AKT and the AKT/p-AKT ratio were not different. In conclusion, exposure to overfeeding during the neonatal period decreases anxiety, induces obesity and programs the feeding behavior persistently, in such a way that the animals eat more palatable food. These results are associated with a higher TH protein content and transport in these animals, which suggests that the dopaminergic mesolimbic circuitry may involved in the behavioral findings.

Alimentação hedônica e homeostática são fatores independentes envolvidos no desenvolvimento da obesidade. Apesar de já se saber que a superalimentação precoce altera a alimentação não hedônica na vida adulta, pouco se sabe sobre seu impacto sobre a preferência por alimentos doces. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de verificar o comportamento alimentar de ratos superalimentados no período de lactação, com foco principalmente no comportamento alimentar hedônico, e correlacionar com o funcionamento do sistema dopaminérgico mesolímbico, que sabidamente está envolvido na sua regulação. Ninhadas de ratos foram reduzidas a 4 filhotes (ninhada pequena - SL) ou 8 filhotes (ninhada normal - NL) no dia 1 de vida. O desmame ocorreu no dia 21, e todos os testes foram realizados a partir do dia 84 de vida. O consumo de ração foi realizado em condições basais, em resposta à jejum de 24h, na presença de comida palatável (doce), durante isolamento social, e em resposta ao teste de pinçamento da cauda (tail-pinch). Antes de testados com alimento doce, os ratos foram habituados a esse alimento. Locomoção foi aferida em um aparato automatizado. A Área Tegmentar Ventral (VTA) e o Núcleo Accumbens (Acc) foram dissecados a partir de microfatias congeladas. Tecido muscular foi dissecado e processado para medida da fosforilação de AKT (p-AKT) em resposta à insulina. AKT, p-AKT e Tirosina Hidroxilase (TH) foram medidas por método de western-blot. A quantidade de gordura abdominal foi cuidadosamente dissecada e pesada. Resultados: Ratos SL foram mais pesados que os NL em todas as medidas, e ao sacrifício apresentavam maior gordura abdominal (p=0,035). A atividade locomotora não foi diferente quanto à distância percorrida, mas os ratos SL exploraram a região central por mais tempo, indicando menor comportamento ansioso (p=0,036). Não se encontrou diferenças quanto ao consumo de ração padrão (p=0.085) ou alimento doce em condições basais (p=0,65), mas ratos SL tiveram maior consumo de doce num paradigma de escolha com ração-padrão (p=0,017) e em resposta ao estresse de pinçamento da cauda (interação teste x grupo, p=0,006). TH encontrou-se aumentada em ratos SL, tanto no VTA (p=0.016) quanto no Acc (p=0,022). Ratos SL não diferiram quanto a fosforilação do AKT no músculo, porém tiveram menor AKT (p=0,047), o que sugere uma resistência periférica à insulina latente. Em conclusão, a exposição a superalimentação no período de lactação reduz a ansiedade, induz obesidade e programa o comportamento alimentar persistentemente, de maneira que esses animais têm maior preferência por alimento doce. A esses resultados se soma a alteração dos níveis de TH nas vias mesolímbicas, o que sugere a participação destas nessa alteração de comportamento. / Hedonic and homeostatic food intakes are independent factors involved in the development of obesity. Although it is well known that early life overfeeding increases food intake in adulthood, little is know about its impact on the palatable food preference in adulthood. We aimed at verifying feeding behavior in this model, with special focus in the hedonic compound, and correlate it to the dopaminergic mesolimbic pathway known to be involved in its regulation. Rat litters were standardized to 4 (small litter - SL) or 8 pups (normal litter- NL) at postnatal day 1. Weaning was at day 21, and all tests were conducted after day 84 of life. Chow consumption was measured at baseline, in response to 24h fasting, in the presence of palatable food, during social isolation and after 1 min. tail pinch stress. Prior to testing sweet food, rats were habituated to the sweet pellets. Locomotion was assessed in an automated box. The ventral tegmentar area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens were micro dissected from frozen brain slices. Muscular tissue was also dissected for assessing the phosphorylation of Akt in response to an insulin challenge. Akt, pAkt and TH proteins were assessed by Western-blot. The abdominal fat content was weighed. Results: SL rats were heavier than NL at all time points and had increased abdominal fat at sacrifice (p=0.035). Locomotor activity was not different with regard to total distance, but RL rats spent more time in the center of the box, an indicative of less anxiety (p=0.036). No difference was found in chow (p=0.085) or sweet food intake at baseline (p=0.65), but SL rats had higher intake of sweet pellets in a two food choice paradigm (p=0.017) and in response to tail pinch stress (test x group interaction, p=0.006). TH was higher in SL rats VTA (p=0.016) and in the nucleus accumbens (p=0.022). SL animals had decreased Akt in the muscle (p=0.047), which suggest a latent peripheral insulin resistance, but p-AKT and the AKT/p-AKT ratio were not different. In conclusion, exposure to overfeeding during the neonatal period decreases anxiety, induces obesity and programs the feeding behavior persistently, in such a way that the animals eat more palatable food. These results are associated with a higher TH protein content and transport in these animals, which suggests that the dopaminergic mesolimbic circuitry may involved in the behavioral findings.

Submitted by MARCIA ROVADOSCHI (marciar@unifra.br) on 2018-08-22T17:48:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_KamilaCristianeDelagoRojai.pdf: 2423278 bytes, checksum: 49bdbeb03029b12ece58e9ba24bd80e0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T17:48:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_KamilaCristianeDelagoRojai.pdf: 2423278 bytes, checksum: 49bdbeb03029b12ece58e9ba24bd80e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-08 / Introduction: Oral health care during the gestational period is an essential part of prenatal care, as it enables the prevention and treatment of oral diseases that may reflect on the health of both. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible association between periodontal disease, preterm birth and low birth weight in pregnant women attended at the Basic Health Units and Family Health Strategies, in the city of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. In addition, to create a virtual learning technology in the form of a website, serving as a strategy for educating the oral health of pregnant women and their future babies. Methodology: The study was a cross-sectional, with a convenience sample, composed of 60 pregnant women attending the public service in the municipality of Santa Maria, RS. Data related to biological characteristics, socioeconomic factors and related to medical history, odontology and oral hygiene habits were obtained through a semi-structured questionnaire. Data on oral conditions were obtained from periodontal exams and data on the delivery of babies were obtained through the Pregnant Woman's Book. Results: Through the descriptive analysis, it was observed that the majority of the pregnant women were non-smokers (60.0%), self-reported white race (56.6%) and had schooling above elementary school (65.0%). Regarding dental clinical conditions, the prevalence of periodontitis was 28.33% in pregnant women. The percentage of gingival bleeding index was 34.9% and the supragingival index was 40.4%. Bleeding the probing was found in 25.6% of the sites. The mean PS and NIC were similar (1.85 and 1.87, respectively). The majority of patients presented PS and NIC ranging from 1-3mm (94.3% and 95.68%, respectively). Most births were at term (88.3%) and the vast majority of infants presented weight> 2,500 kg (91.6%). Conclusion: There was no association between periodontitis, preterm birth and low birth weight. However, the results of this study reveal a high prevalence of periodontitis in pregnant women, and it is necessary to act in a way to prevent its occurrence. It is noteworthy that as a product of this master's thesis, a website about dental prenatal care, oral health care and its importance for the pregnant woman and her baby were built. / Introdução: Os cuidados com a saúde bucal durante o período gestacional consistem em uma parte essencial de cuidados pré-natal, pois possibilita a prevenção e tratamento de doenças bucais que podem refletir sobre a saúde de ambos. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como propósito avaliar a possível associação entre doença periodontal, parto prematuro e baixo peso ao nascer em gestantes atendidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde e Estratégias de Saúde da Família, do município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Além disso, criar uma tecnologia virtual de aprendizagem, na forma de um website, servindo como estratégia de educação sobre a saúde bucal de gestantes e seus futuros bêbes. Metodologia: O delineamento do estudo foi do tipo transversal, com amostra de conveniência, composta por 60 gestantes que frequentavam o serviço público no município de Santa Maria, RS. Dados relacionados às características biológicas, fatores socioeconômicos e relativos à história médica, odontológica e hábitos de higiene bucal foram obtidos mediante questionário semiestruturado. Os dados a respeito das condições bucais foram obtidos a partir de exames periodontais e os dados referentes ao parto dos bebês foram obtidos através da Caderneta da Gestante. Resultados: Através da análise descritiva observou-se que a maioria das gestantes era não fumante (60.0%), raça auto-relatada branca (56.6%) e possuíam escolaridade acima do ensino fundamental completo (65,0%). Sobre as condições clínicas dentárias, a prevalência de periodontite foi de 28.33% nas gestantes. Sendo que a percentagem de índice de sangramento gengival foi de 34.9% e de cálculo supragengival de 40.4%. Sangramento a sondagem foi encontrado em 25.6% dos sítios. A média de PS e NIC foi similar (1.85 e 1.87 respectivamente). A maioria das pacientes apresentou PS e NIC variando entre 1-3mm (94.3% e 95.68% respectivamente). A maior parte dos nascimentos foi a termo (88.3%) e a grande maioria dos bebês apresentaram peso > 2.500 kg (91.6%). Conclusão: Não houve associação entre a periodontite, parto prematuro e baixo peso ao nascer. Entretanto, os resultados desse estudo revelam alta prevalência de periodontite nas gestantes, sendo necessário atuar de forma a prevenir a sua ocorrência. Destaca-se que como produto desta dissertação de mestrado, foi construído um website sobre o pré-natal odontológico, cuidados com a saúde bucal e sua importância para a gestante e seu bebê.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-05-04T18:13:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Patrícia Simone de Araújo - 2013.pdf: 4303327 bytes, checksum: 0f5f281d7b35b68244bbb5301ef3566c (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-05-05T12:48:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Patrícia Simone de Araújo - 2013.pdf: 4303327 bytes, checksum: 0f5f281d7b35b68244bbb5301ef3566c (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-05T12:48:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Patrícia Simone de Araújo - 2013.pdf: 4303327 bytes, checksum: 0f5f281d7b35b68244bbb5301ef3566c (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study examines the diary of José Vieira Couto de Magalhães, focusing on themes: sexuality, body, health and disease. The interlocution of this document with the rest produced by the same author - books, reports, among others - evidenced a egocentric personality, which in an ingenious way built up a heroic image for themselves. Legitimized by their peers, by historiography and especially the imperial regime, Couto enters the pages of history as the great hero of the War of Paraguay.But if in public boasted an image of strong and courageous man, in his diary brought out moments of anguish and fears, above all when was considering the possibility of becoming ill. Furthermore, her writing secret also reveals a look interpretive and original about your oneiric universe - soaked a homoerotic desire - challenger in relation to moral values of the nineteenth century. / Este estudo analisa o diário íntimo de José Vieira Couto de Magalhães privilegiando as temáticas: sexualidades, corpo, saúde e doença. A interlocução desse documento com outros produzidos pelo mesmo – livros, relatórios, dentre outros – evidenciou uma personalidade que de forma engenhosa construiu uma imagem heroica para si. Legitimado pelos seus pares, pela historiografia e principalmente pelo regime imperial, Couto adentra as páginas da história como o grande heroi da Guerra do Paraguai. Mas, se em público ostentava uma imagem de um homem forte e corajoso, em seu diário aflorou momentos de angústias e temores, sobretudo quando cogitava a possibilidade de adoecer. Além disso, sua escrita íntima também revela um olhar interpretativo original sobre o seu universo onírico - embebido de um desejo homoerótico - e desafiador em relação aos valores morais do século XIX.

Yes / Welcome to the first issue of the Genomics Monitor. The Genomics Monitor provides information and analysis on developments in the international regulations relevant to the control of the biotechnology revolution. This introductory issue outlines the full range of applicable regulations at the international level - providing details on each regulation's aims, provisions, development and current status. Thirty-five key regulations are covered within the areas of arms control, health and disease control, environmental protection, trade, drugs control and the social and ethical impacts of human genetics. Because this Issue was launched in mid-November 2006 - just prior to the Sixth Review Conference of the Biological Weapons Convention - there is also a section covering Key Points for the Conference. It is clear from the content of the Monitor that there are significant connections between the rules in the different issue areas as they apply to biotechnology. Because of these connections, awareness of developments throughout the set of regulations is important to ensure they develop in a mutually supportive manner. A key aim of this and future Issues is therefore to raise awareness of the connections between the regulations and highlight cross-cutting work being undertaken by associated international organisations. The Genomics Monitor is of relevance to anyone interested in the international regulation of biotechnology, and of particular use to those involved in informing and making policy in this area. / Carnegie Corporation

<p>Emerging evidence indicates that in utero exposure to vitamin D metabolites may influence fetal and neonatal bone development. Bone accretion in prenatal and early postnatal life may impact peak bone mass achieved in early adolescence; and peak bone mass is a well-established predictor of osteoporosis risk in later life. <strong>Hypothesis</strong>: We hypothesized that offspring of mothers with higher serum vitamin D status during pregnancy will have higher whole body BMC z-score and bone size at 3 years of age, after adjustment for confounders. <strong>Methods</strong>: In a prospective, longitudinal study, 372 mothers with singleton birth were recruited during pregnancy, and maternal blood samples were obtained during the third trimester. Child bone outcome measures at 3 years of age included: whole body BMC, femoral and humeral lengths by DXA. We controlled for other relevant factors such as maternal nutrition, pre-pregnancy BMI, physical activity during pregnancy, maternal BMD, as well as the child’s nutrition at 6 months and 3 years, and the child’s physical activity. <strong>Results & Discussion</strong>: Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy did not predict whole body BMC z-score of the child at 3 years of age. Over 92% of Canadian women in our sample were vitamin D sufficient with mean intakes of 435 IU/day from food and supplements and mean serum 25OHD of 111.2 nM. Further, data indicate a potential negative effect on offspring bone size at maternal serum 25OHD concentrations that exceed the upper limit suggested by the most recent DRI report (>125 nM), at which adverse health effects may occur. Our findings may differ from previous studies in the United Kingdom, India and Finland that found a positive relationship between maternal vitamin D status and child bone outcomes due to the high frequency of our mothers that had optimal vitamin D status. In addition, we adjusted for most of the key covariates that were not adjusted for in previous studies, which may contribute to the different findings compared to previous investigations.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

In Western Europe the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has increased over the last 30 years, coupled with changes in distribution. Modifications in the TBE enzootic cycle, through a combination of changes in temperature, vertebrate abundance and habitat suitability may have increased the risk of TBE in recent years. In Switzerland, analysis using satellite-derived climate data demonstrated that the environment of areas with TBE since the 1980s and areas that recently became endemic for TBE have become more similar between 2001 and 2009. This was coupled with an increase in April, May and June temperature, which could have affected the tick population and/or human exposure to ticks. Deer and boar abundance also changed in some cantons. In Germany, spatio-temporal modelling demonstrated the importance of temperature, vertebrate abundance and unemployment in the incidence and distribution of TBE between 2001 and 2009. Changes in TBE reporting, April, May and June temperature, vertebrate abundance and pesticide use may have contributed to increases in TBE in 1992 and 2001. Human exposure patterns, however, appear to be as important as the enzootic cycle in shaping the incidence of TBE, not only in determining the overall trend but also in interacting with the weekly, seasonal and yearly patterns of tick hazard to give the observed incidence. In Switzerland, in weeks with warm, sunny weather, human exposure to ticks is promoted and short-term increases in tick bites are seen. Human outdoor activity also shifts the seasonal pattern of tick bites, when compared with tick questing. There was no apparent increase in time spent in outdoor activities between the 1990s and 2000s in Italy, Germany and Austria, but survey data demonstrated that walking and hiking were already popular activities across Europe by the 1990s. The popularity of mushroom and berry foraging as a source of income in Latvia, Lithuania and Poland, coupled with the expense of vaccination, provide an inverse link between economic wellbeing and TBE risk. Correspondingly, in 2009, the economic recession was associated with an increase with TBE in these three countries.

Title: Utilization of physical activity to the influence of the health of top managerr Author: Bc. Martin Vojáček Supervisor: Prof. Ing. Václav Bunc CSc. Objective: Author of the diploma thesis Utilization of physical activity to the influence of the health of top managers deals with health issues stemming from the specific nature of the job of top managers. A key issue is the work related stress and its impact on the health of managers. The negative effects of stress and poor lifestyle are "lifestyle diseases" such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, disorders of the musculoskeletal system, burnout syndrom and chronic fatigue syndrome. Appropriately chosen physical activity based on the temperament can reduce risk, mitigate health problems and prevent the development of disease in all the aforementioned cases. The research survey conducted for 6 months on a group of five top managers attending in Fitness Slavia showed that exercise programs individually prepared on the basis of temperament have a positive impact both on mental and physical health of top managers. Methods: In this thesis these methods are used: measuring and testing, interviews, observation, study of specific literature and research. Results: The results obtained should help formulate the basis of the next...

Esta tese investigou os significados atribuídos por trabalhadores portuáriosdo Porto de Santos/SP ao processo de Modernização dos Portos Brasileiros, implementado a partir da promulgação da Lei 8630/93 e da implantação do OGMO, no tocante à identidade de trabalhador portuário, processo saúde-adoecimento-cuidado, gênero e masculinidades. Foi utilizada metodologia qualitativa, com trabalho de campo realizado entre os anos de 2009/2010, com os instrumentos de observação etnográfica (dos locais de escalação para o trabalho e faixa cais do Porto de Santos) e 39 entrevistas em profundidade com diferentes categorias de trabalhadores portuários na ativa. O material produzido na pesquisa empírica constituiu-se de diários de campo e um banco de narrativas, sobre os quais foi aplicada análise por triangulação de métodos, seguindo o referencial hermenêutico , e a análise temática de conteúdo. A discussão sobre os dados obtidos a partir da análise foi divida em 3 capítulos representativos das categorias temáticas fundantes, identificadas no processo de impregnação: o primeiro sobre a caracterização dos sujeitos de pesquisa e seu universo simbólico, o segundo específico sobre a temática da saúde dos trabalhadores, e o último referente às representações de gênero e masculinidades. De acordo com os trabalhadores portuários, a promulgação da Lei 8630/93 modificou drasticamente a organização do trabalho portuário no Porto de Santos, trazendo alguns ganhos nos aspectos de saúde do trabalhador, como aqueles relacionados à exigência do uso de EPIs, controle de acidentes e exames médicos periódicos. Em contraposição, a mesma lei acarretou muitas perda objetivas e subjetivas, no sentido do esvaziamento da identidade do grupo, anteriormente pautada nas noções de ofício, e quanto aos atributos da masculinidade, baseada em valores como \'ser trabalhador\' e \'provedor da família\'. No quesito da relação entre saúdeadoecimento e cuidado, verificou-se uma percepção de insalubridade relacionada ao exercício do trabalho no Porto de Santos, considerado um ambiente permeado por muitos riscos pelos portuários. Por outro lado, apresentaram resistência à procura por tratamentos médicos e um comportamento de aversão aos afastamentos por motivos de saúde, sendo sua interface com o cuidado em saúde restrita aos exames periódicos exigidos pelo OGMO / We aimed to study the meaning of impacts that a Brazilian law (Lei de Modernização dos Portos Brasileiros 8630/93) produced in port workers of Port of Santos/SP, in a way to acess their port worker identity, health-illness care process, gender and masculinities themes. The empirical research which ground the discussion, had a qualitative approach and was perform between 2009/2010. It used as instruments for obtaining data ethnography observations (at workers selection places and pier) and 39 in-depth port workers interviews. From this point, were produced field diaries and an interview database that were analysed by metodos triangulation tecnic, according to the conceptual framework of hermeneutical referencial and content analysis. We shared the discussion in 3 chapters that brought out the leading temathics of our investigation: subjects characterization, their symbolic universe, workers health, gender and masculinities representations. According to port workers, that law dramatically modified their work organization, with some winning points like EPIs requirement, accident control and periodic exams. Beside that, port workers related considerable losses in the way of their brotherhood identity, based on craft skills and masculinities concepts, like \'be a worker\' and \'support a family\'. Port workers showed a perception about health-illness care process based in the idea that Port of Santos was a hazardous work place. In the other side, they avoid to look for medical treatments or absence from work for health problems. Their health care interface was restricted to periodic exams required from OGMO

The objective of this thesis was to determine the association of leg length (LL), a marker of early childhood conditions, with metabolic abnormalities underlying type 2 diabetes. Utilizing data from a population at-risk for diabetes, the associations of LL with i) insulin resistance (IR) and beta-cell dysfunction and ii) a continuous metabolic syndrome risk score (MetScore) were analyzed. Results showed that shorter LL was associated with IR and beta-cell dysfunction, and that the combination of short legs and large waist (a marker of adult obesogenic conditions) was associated with the greatest IR. Height, a marker of overall childhood conditions, was found to be inversely associated with the MetScore. Therefore, both adverse childhood conditions and early-late life mismatched conditions may increase the risk for diabetes through differing pathways. Improving childhood conditions (i.e. nutritionally or economically) may be an important strategy to prevent diabetes.