Many physical educators active in the field fail to accept this recent trend as an educational challenge. There continues to be a lack of diligent work on the development of a worthy instructional curriculum. The purpose of this study is to provide an objective and tangible outline for the physical education curriculum for the La Puente Union High School District. Definite objectives, methods, course content, and procedures need to be established to justify the existence of physical education in the school program.

Occupational health surveys reported that first responders such as firefighters (FF) have some of the highest levels of cardiovascular disease in the nation from poor eating habits and lack of exercise. Three studies were established with goals to identify oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers and improve cardiovascular health for FF including: 1) a 28-day-carbohydrate restricted diet (CRD), 2) a heat-house search and clear protocol in personal protection equipment (PPE) plus curcumin supplementation, and 3) a treadmill exercise protocol in PPE with ketone salt supplementation. During those studies, stored blood plasma subsamples were evaluated for targeted antioxidants or untargeted metabolite concentration fluctuations using 1H NMR. Results from the 28-day-CRD tracked 40 metabolites consistently pre- and post-diet using 1H NMR platform. Of these metabolites’ acetone, β-hydroxybutyrate, leucine, and valine significantly upregulated while isoleucine downregulated. The plasma from the curcumin supplementation study contained 34 metabolites that were consistently identified. Lactate significantly upregulated immediate after exercise but returned to pre-exercise levels at 30 min post exercise while all the other metabolites were similar. From the ketone salt study 38 metabolites that were consistently identified from the pre- and post-exercise samples. Mean concentrations of acetone and β-hydroxybutyrate were significantly upregulated as were leucine and valine pre- and post-exercise while isoleucine downregulated. Lactate increased with ketone salt ingestion post-exercise and up to 30 min post-exercise but returned to normal at 24 h post-exercise compared to pre-exercise levels. Six other metabolites significantly differed in concentrations when compared across sampling times with no discernable impacts to OS or other notable trends. Multivariate analyses using principal components analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models were not supported using cross-validation for Q2 coefficients and permutations values at p ≤ 0.05. From these results no metabolites were shown to support transient OS suppression.

Recent findings suggest that leptin may be regulated in response to abrupt changes in energy homeostasis. Therefore, it is conceivable that transient changes in energy balance induced by exercise may also regulate leptin synthesis and secretion. As such, we hypothesized that acute increases energy expenditure (i.e. exercise), may regulate leptin concentrations in obese individuals. Fifteen healthy obese males underwent either a single exercise session of moderate intensity (58.4 % ± 4.0 of VO2max) for 60 min (n=8), or served as controls (n=7). The exercise session elicited an energy expenditure of 567±80 Kcal. No significant changes in plasma leptin (pre 23.5± 30.2; post 24.3± 34.3; 24h-post 34.9± 66.6; 48h-post 33.8±64.0 ng/ml), or insulin levels (pre 16.1± 9.2 vs. post 8.1± 9.1; 24h-post 14.3± 9.9; 48h-post 13.8± 10.2 ?U/ml) were detected immediately after the intervention. Baseline plasma leptin levels were positively correlated with BMI (r=0.65; p<0.01), body weight (r=0.64; p<0.01), % body fat (r=0.90; p<0.01) and were negatively correlated with VO2max (r=-0.82; p<0.01). The results of the present study suggest that acute exercise of moderate intensity and duration may not affect leptin concentration.

Most authorities on exercise agree that regular vigorous endurance type activity results in aerobic fitness (7, 10, 17, 36, 37). Rhythmic repetitive and dynamic activities using large muscle groups would include such aerobic exercise as Jogging, walking, swimming, cycling, tennis, basketball, racquetball, and soccer (1, 7, 10, 17). In addition, cardiovascular fitness has been suggested to be postively linked with a reduction in the incidence of coronary heart disease (1, 11, 36, 38, 53). Sometimes, problems that lead to adult illnesses are the result of lifestyles that deploy early in childhood (11). Health education procedures have been used to provide awareness of the public regarding health practices, and guidelines by which they can improve their own health (11). Wysocki et al. (68) reported that the American population is generally lacking physical exercise. Vinciguerra et al. (62) and Wysocki et al. (68) used a technique called "Behavioral Contracting" to improve cardiovascular health in college students. This technique provided incentive and encouraged motivation for students to exercise aerobically (62, 68).

Using a credibility scale that measures authoritativeness and character of a speaker as perceived by his audience, will a statistically significant difference rise where a figure of authority is a member of one ethnic group and those over whom the authority is asserted are members of a second ethnic group?

The pole vault is an event performed in track and field athletics wherein the athlete, with the aid of a pole 14 and 15 feet in length, attempts to clear a crossbar resting on two pegs supported by two standards. The standards, or uprights, are placed not less than 12 feet nor more than 13 feet apart. The vaulter cushions his fall in a pit filled with shavings. The object of the event is to vault higher than your competitors. The purpose of this study is to trace the progress made in the pole vault since man first learned to propel himself upward with the aid of a pole; and to give a year by year account of the best vaults made since the first years of competition. This study will also present the evolution of techniques employed in pole vaulting, the equipment changes, and the extent of their influence on the progress made in the records of this sport.

In the process of coaching, one of the more valuable techniques is the correction of faulty techniques which distract from the best performance. It is the purpose of this thesis to bring together from authoritative sources and observation some of the more common errors of technique, which make for faulty performance in eight track and field events. Each event has been broken down or separated into the more or less logical areas of operation. For instance, the sprint races break down into four areas, while the pole value breaks down into eleven areas. Each technique has been photographed both positive and negative in aspect. These eight events will be analyzed and the most common errors listed. These events are: sprints, middle distance, distance, relays, pole vault, shot put, discus, and javelin.

At the present time there are many books written on the field of physical education which have set standards of methods, techniques, and procedures used in the teaching of physical education. There will also be found in these books a set pattern of physical education activities which should be taught in our schools. Due to the change in trends, partly brought about by the last war, it will be found that there has been a modification of the methods, techniques and procedures now being used. The problem of the study deals with the trends in boys' physical education programs to California. The purpose of this study is to determine what methods, activities, techniques, and procedures are being most widely used in the teaching of physical education in this state.

Agency and consent, or individual empowerment and mutual respect, are deeply embedded values and topics of discussion within the Claremont discourse and expectations. Within that framework, sexual education becomes of particular interest, both as an exploration of how Claremont students understand what consent and agency mean as well as of the agency they hold over the development of their education and own identities/well-being. Within the community of the Claremont Colleges, or 5C, community (an undergraduate liberal arts campus) sexual agency is a major point of contemporary interest, encompassing how we understand and implement consent and pleasure among a diverse group of individuals. This study analyzes the ways in which students’ conceptions of sexual agency and education relate to the resources, programs, and materials offered to them within their community.

Depleted water supplies, along with industrial and human waste, are driving a world water crisis that poses a growing risk to food markets, energy production, political stability, and human health (Global Water Security 2012). One obvious example of the this crisis is the more than 1 billion people who obtain their drinking water from contaminated sources (WHO/UNICEF 2006; Clasen et al. 2008). With a projected increase of 1.3 billion people between now and 2050, Africa will add more to the global population than any other world region (Haub and Kaneda 2013). For this research, visual learning design factors were incorporated into water literacy materials in order to study ways in which cultural and societal barriers can be overcome through culture- and gender-appropriate graphics designed to foster visual storytelling in the West African country of Niger. Women were targeted as the study population since they are the primary water fetchers and handlers in sub-Saharan Africa. Eye-tracking technology and GIS tools were used for quantification of the visual design characteristics. Research was conducted in 23 villages along the Niger River, and included 510 interviews, 693 focus group participants, 9 different cultural groups, over 30 hours of audio interviews, and 464 eye-tracking trials. Tobii X2-60 eye-tracking equipment was used in bush maternity wards, medicinal depositories, and mud-brick homes. Eye-tracking data were imported into an ArcGIS platform, where kernel density estimation (KDE) analyses were performed in an effort to compare and contrast the KDE of varying education levels, age groups, ethnic groups, and village types. Spatial autocorrelation analyses were used to evaluate whether the spatial pattern of attribute values (fixation time) was clustered, dispersed, or random. Results from this research suggest that visual communication can be used to overcome low education and cultural barriers for waterborne disease prevention. Using an adaptive visual-learning approach for the research method provided a creative alternative to conventional water-education materials, as most do not consider mother tongue and low literacy. Through visual communication, a novel way has been developed to understand how disadvantaged populations in sub-Saharan Africa visually process water literacy materials.