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Les dépenses en infrastructures publiques et la croissance économique : Le cas de la Mauritanie / Public infrastructure spending and economic growth : The case of MauritaniaEl Moctar Ellah Taher, Mohamed 21 November 2017 (has links)
Si la majorité des études obtiennent des impacts positifs des infrastructures publiques sur l’activité économique, la problématique entre dépenses publiques et bonne affectation de ressources reste présente. Cette thèse empirique présente un travail inédit pour la Mauritanie et se limite sur trois types d’infrastructures. En premier lieu, nous étudions le lien entre l’évolution du stock routier total, et le PIB par tête à travers une fonction de production de type Coob-Douglas. Notre résultat principal est le suivant : le stock routier en Mauritanie a bien impacté le PIB par tête de manière positive et significative. En second lieu, nous analysons la contribution du capital santé à la croissance économique. En estimant plusieurs modèles, trois principaux résultats émergent : 1) Le niveau des dépenses publiques de santé n’a pas d’effet significatif sur la croissance de l’espérance de vie, mais elles semblent avoir des impacts positifs sur la réduction de la mortalité brut pour 1000 personnes. 2) Les dépenses publiques de santé ont un effet positif sur le PIB global, mais cet effet devient non significatif lorsqu’il s’agit du PIB par tête. 3) L’espérance de vie initiale, et sa croissance ont des effets positifs et significatifs sur le PIB par tête. Enfin, nous explorons l’impact de TIC sur la croissance économique. En étudiant une fonction de production et un modèle VAR, Nous mettons en évidence à la fois que le capital TIC, et l’évolution des abonnés au téléphone fixe ont stimulé significativement l’activité économique. / While the majority of studies obtain positive impacts of public infrastructure on economic activity, the problem between public spending and good resource allocation remains.This empirical thesis presents an unpublished work for Mauritania and is limited to three types of infrastructure.First, we study the relationship between the evolution of the total road stock and the per capita GDP through a Coob-Douglas production function.Our main result is that the road stock in Mauritania has impacted the GDP per capita in a positive and significant way.Second, we analyze the contribution of health capital to economic growth. In estimating several models, three main results emerge: 1) The level of public health spending has no significant effect on the growth of life expectancy, but appears to have positive impacts on the reduction of gross mortality per 1000 people. 2) Public expenditure on health has a positive effect on overall GDP, but this effect becomes insignificant when it comes to GDP per capita.3) Initial life expectancy and its growth have positive and significant effects on GDP per capita.Finally, we explore the impact of ICT on economic growth.By studying a production function and a VAR model, we show that ICT capital and the evolution of fixed telephone subscribers have significantly stimulated economic activity.
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Капитал здоровья как фактор экономического роста регионов РФ (на примере субъектов УрФО) : магистерская диссертация / Health capital as a factor of economic growth in the regions of the Russian Federation (on the example of the subjects of the Ural Federal District)Исмагамбетова, Ш. Т., Ismagambetova, S. T. January 2024 (has links)
Целью работы является разработка методики оценки капитала здоровья субъектов РФ, особенностью которой является выбор показателей, отражающих благополучие населения, их группировка на естественные и инвестиционные, нормализация индикаторов методом min-max, расчет весовых коэффициентов с помощью метода главных компонент, определение промежуточных интегральных показателей с помощью аддитивной агрегации и сводного интегрального показателя капитала здоровья, что позволит более точно и объективно оценить капитал здоровья субъекта и приоритезировать инвестирование субъектов с недостаточным уровнем капитала здоровья. / The aim of the work is to develop a methodology for assessing the health capital of the subjects of the Russian Federation, the feature of which is the selection of indicators reflecting the well-being of the population, their grouping into natural and investment, normalization of indicators by the min-max method, calculation of weighting coefficients using the principal component method, determination of intermediate integral indicators using additive aggregation and a summary integral indicator of health capital, this will allow a more accurate and objective assessment of the subject's health capital and prioritize the investment of subjects with an insufficient level of health capital.
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Le rôle de l'innovation médicale dans la croissance macro-économique / The role of medical innovation in macroeconomic growthToubon, Hector 09 December 2016 (has links)
Cette thèse a pour objectif de mettre en évidence les déterminants de l'innovation médicale et ses effets sur la croissance économique. Elle repose sur la construction d'une base de données répertoriant les dépenses et les consommations de biens et services de santé entre 1980 et 2010, ainsi que sur trois modèles théoriques. Les résultats établis, pour les cohortes nées entre 1923 et 2010, mettent en évidence que les innovations médicales sont essentiellement déterminées par les variations démographiques. Par ailleurs, même si ces innovations médicales ont historiquement permis l'apparition d'importantes économies d'échelles, elles ne jouent pas actuellement un rôle moteur dans la croissance macro-économique. En effet, dans les conditions actuelles de stabilité des courbes de survie, cette mécanique de l'innovation médicale n'apparaît pas comme une force motrice de la croissance macro-économique de court terme. Les effets multiplicateurs de l'innovation médicale sur la croissance économique seraient donc, à court terme, négatifs ou nuls. / This thesis aims to highlight the determinants of medical innovation and its impact on economic growth. It is based on building a database of spending and consumption of health goods and services between 1980 and 2010, and also on three theoretical models. Established results for cohorts born between 1923 and 2010 show that medical innovations are mainly determined by demographic changes. Moreover, even if these medical innovations have historically allowed the emergence of significant economies of scale, they do not currently play a leading role in macro-economic growth. Indeed, in the current conditions of stability of the survival curves, the mechanics of medical innovation does not appear as a driving force for macroeconomic growth short term. The multiplier effects of medical innovation on economic growth would be, on the short-term, negative or zero.
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Gender, Race, Class and the Normalization of Women's Pelvic PainStephanie Wilson (11038173) 22 July 2021 (has links)
<p>This dissertation, broadly, examines how power dynamics manifest during clinical interactions related to vague and gendered medical symptoms, such as pelvic pain. To examine this issue, I approach my research questions through multiple methods including a critical discourse analysis of the medical discourse on pelvic pain, a survey experiment administered to healthcare workers in the US, and a narrative analysis of pelvic pain patient experiences. While the focus of this research is on pelvic pain, the analyses presented here reach far beyond ideas of power dynamics and pelvic pain. Rather, the findings from this research speak to theoretical discussions medical sociologists have been having for decades. Specifically, findings provide new insight on: 1) the limits of evidence-based medicine as a biomedical paradigm, 2) how fundamental causes of health inequality intersect with each other as well as other factors, such as gender, important in predicting health outcomes and 3) how discussions of metamechanisms in fundamental cause theory can inform our understanding of the accumulation of cultural health capital. In providing such insight, this dissertation uses the case of pelvic pain to integrate multiple perspectives and theories in medical sociology to drive the field forward in a way that acknowledges the many ways power is simultaneously constituted in the clinical interaction. From the role of gender, race, and class in power relations, to the ways medical knowledge, discourse, and authority dictate the clinical interaction, this research covers a wide range of sociological theories and concepts. In doing so, this dissertation sheds new light on current understandings of power in the clinical interaction and its relationship to inequitable health outcomes in the US.</p>
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"Everything I Did in Addiction, I'm Pretty Much the Opposite Now": Recovery Capital and Pathways to Recovery from Opiate AddictionWood, Leslie L. 13 July 2020 (has links)
No description available.
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