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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
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Comparação do efeito placebo entre dispositivos de acupuntura não penetrantes e acupuntura real em individuos saudáveis: estudo clínico aleatório / Comparison of the placebo effect between nonpenetrating acupuncture devices and real acupuncture in healthy subjects: a randomized clinical trial

Maciel, Leonardo Yung dos Santos 14 December 2016 (has links)
Introduction: Several studies have used sham acupuncture methods in recent years as a way of masking to test the real effect of real acupuncture, however the placebo method selection has not followed methodological criteria to create a consensus on what the best option to use. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of three placebo acupuncture methods for masking applied in healthy subjects and observe the effect of the types of placebo and real acupuncture in the skin and deep sensitivity threshold. Methods: 321 healthy volunteers were randomly divided into seven groups using the ST25 point (abdominal) to puncture, and seven groups using the BL52 point (lumbar), real acupuncture was applied and three different methods of placebo acupuncture, It was also mixed real acupuncture and sham acupuncture in the same person, totaling fourteen groups, evaluations of skin and deep sensitivity and the questionnaire were performed before and immediately after applying the technique by the investigator who was unaware of the technique had been applied. Results: The question that asked if the volunteer believed received real acupuncture or placebo showed no significant result, the percentage of subjects who reported believe that having received real acupuncture in the ST25 point was 69.56% in real group, 86.95% group Park Sham, 82.60% needle + foam, 91.30% insertion and removal, 78.26% real + Park Sham, 86.36% + real needle and foam and 86.95% + real insertion and removal and at the point BL52 was 86.36% in real group, 86.95% group Park Sham, 69.56% needle + foam, 72% insertion and removal, 86.95% real + Park Sham, 81.81% real and needle + foam and 78.26% real + insertion and removal. The skin sensitivity threshold showed no statistical difference in the intragroup analysis and in the comparison between groups, the pressure pain threshold showed a decrease in the value after the technique of application only at the real group BL52 (p = 0.044) and insert and removal BL52 (p = 0.037) for intragroup analysis and showed a statistical difference between groups real group ST25 compared with Park Sham BL52 (p <0.05) and Real in BL52 compared with insertion and removal at the point BL52 (p <0.05). Conclusion: placebo acupuncture groups used are effective in masking acupuncture research, and none of the placebo methods demonstrated have greater advantage for use in clinical trials. The skin sensitivity threshold remains unchanged after applying acupuncture or placebo, but these techniques influence the pressure pain threshold. / Introdução: Diversos estudos têm utilizado métodos de acupuntura placebo nos últimos anos como forma de mascaramento para testar o efeito terapêutico da acupuntura real, entretanto a seleção do dispositivo placebo não tem seguido critérios metodologicos a ponto de se criar um consenso de qual seria o melhor método para se utilizar. O presente estudo objetivou averiguar se técnicas de acupuntura placebo são indistinguíveis entre si e da acupuntura real. Métodos: Foram incluídos 321 voluntários saudáveis, os quais foram divididos aleatoriamente em sete grupos que utilizaram o ponto E25 (abdominal) e sete grupos que utilizaram o ponto B52 (lombar) para puntura. Foi aplicado acupuntura real, três métodos diferentes de acupuntura placebo além da mescla entre acupuntura real e placebo em um mesmo individuo, totalizando 14 grupos. As avaliações da sensibilidade cutânea e profunda assim como a aplicação do questionário foram realizadas antes e imediatamente após a aplicação da técnica por investigador cego quanto a técnica que tinha sido aplicada. Resultados: A maioria dos sujeitos referiram que tinham recebido acupuntura real em todos os grupos, porém não houve diferença significativa quanto à percepção de que estavam recebendo acupuntura real ou placebo entre os grupos. O percentual de sujeitos que informaram acreditar ter recebido acupuntura real no ponto E25 foi de 69,56% no grupo real, 86,95% no grupo Park Sham, 82,60% no agulha + espuma, 91,30% na inserção e retirada, 78,26% no grupo real + Park Sham, 86,36% no real + agulha e espuma e 86,95% no real + inserção e retirada, no ponto B52 foi de 86,36% no grupo real, 86,95% no grupo Park Sham, 69,56% no agulha + espuma, 72% na inserção e retirada, 86,95% no real + Park Sham, 81,81% no grupo real + agulha e espuma e 78,26% no real + inserção e retirada. O limiar de sensibilidade cutânea não apresentou diferença estatística na análise intragrupo e também na comparação entre os grupos estudados, o limiar de dor por pressão apresentou uma diminuição dos valores após a aplicação da técnica apenas no grupo Real B52 (p = 0,044) e inserção e retirada (p = 0,037) para análise intragrupo e na comparação entre os grupos houve diferença estatística para o redução do limiar de dor entre o grupo Real E25 comparado com Park Sham B52 (p < 0,05) e Real no B52 comparado com inserção e retirada no ponto B52 (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Todos os métodos de acupuntura placebo utilizados são igualmente eficazes para mascaramento dos sujeitos de pesquisa que são punturados em distintos pontos corporais, e nenhum dos métodos placebo apresentou vantagem em relação aos demais para utilização em futuros ensaios clínicos. O limiar de sensibilidade cutânea não sofre alteração após a aplicação de acupuntura ou placebo, porém as técnicas Real E25 e Real B52 podem favorecer alteração do limiar de dor por pressão.
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Influência do consumo de três diferentes tipos de cafés filtrados (100% arábica, blend e blend descafeinado) em dois diferentes graus de torras (escura e média) no perfil metabólico de voluntários saudáveis / Influence of three different coffee types (100%arabic, blend and decaffeinated coffee) in two types of roasts (medium and dark) on metabolic profile in healthy volunteers

Daniela Tarasoutchi 26 November 2015 (has links)
Introdução: O café é uma das bebidas mais apreciadas e consumidas no mundo, por suas características organolépticas e efeito estimulante. Pelos potenciais efeitos na saúde causados por esta bebida surgiu, desde cedo, o interesse da comunidade científica. Como ainda ha controvérsias a respeito do café quanto aos seus reais efeitos, justifica-se este estudo em voluntários saudáveis e consumidores habituais de café. Objetivo: Comparar o consumo de dois diferentes graus de torras de café (torra média e escura) em 3 tipos de café: 100% arábica, blend e blend descafeinado e seus efeitos sobre o perfil metabólico em indivíduos saudáveis. Métodos: Em estudo prospectivo, foram avaliados 70 indivíduos sem qualquer doença associada, sendo 50 mulheres, com idade média de 47 ± 12 anos. Durante o período de seguimento no estudo, os voluntários que preencheram os critérios de inclusão, assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido e iniciaram no estudo, que teve um total de 77 dias. Cada voluntário realizou quatro visitas (T0, T1, T2 e T3). Primeiramente, os participantes foram randomizados para cada tipo de café: 100% arábica, blend ou blend descafeinado. Depois uma nova randomização foi feita para estabelecer a ordem de consumo dos dois graus de torra (média e escura), num estudo do tipo crossover. Na visita T0, o participante foi orientado a parar a ingestão do café ou qualquer alimento fonte de cafeína por 21 dias. Na visita T1 foram randomizados para iniciar o consumo de café filtrado primeiro com um tipo de torra (torra média ou torra escura) por 4 semanas e então com \"crossover\" para o outro tipo (visita T2), com um período total de 8 semanas de consumo de café. O café foi fornecido aos pacientes, sendo do mesmo tipo, do mesmo produtor e com a forma de preparo padronizada e consumo diário de café de 450-600 ml/dia. Após período de \"washout\" (basal) e após cada período de tomada de café por tipo de torra, os pacientes foram submetidos aos exames laboratoriais (Colesterol total e frações, triglicérides, glicemia de jejum, PCR, Lp(a), homocisteína e acido fólico) e avaliação antropométrica (peso e IMC). Resultados: Foi observado aumento do colesterol total, do LDL e do HDL no grupo que consumiu café do tipo Blend, para os dois tipos de torra quando comparados ao basal. Houve aumento significativo da homocisteína no grupo que consumiu café 100% arábica e Blend. No grupo que consumiu café 100% arábica houve aumento significativo da homocisteína somente na torra média quando comparado ao basal. Já no grupo que consumiu o café tipo blend a diferença significativa foi apenas entre as duas torras escura e média, na qual a escura apresentou valor menor que a torra média. Conclusão: Café promove aumento discreto nas dosagens de homocisteína quando consumido o café blend e 100% arábica. Aumentou também o colesterol total, LDL, e ao mesmo tempo o HDL, quando consumido café tipo Blend. Apesar de significativas, as alterações no perfil metabólico foram muito discretas. Seria muito difícil determinar a influência que o café tem no metabolismo lipídico dos indivíduos, mas talvez esse discreto aumento juntamente com algum efeito antioxidante pode contribuir para a redução de morte por doenças cardiovasculares como já foi observado em estudos epidemiológicos / Introduction: Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world. Given its high consumption, potential health effects caused by this beverage brought the interest of the scientific community. Considering the current knowledge and controversies about drinking coffee daily, justifies this study in healthy volunteers and habitual coffee drinkers. Objectives: To compare the consumption of two different coffee roasts degrees (medium and dark roast) on 3 types of coffee: 100% arabic, blend and decaffeinated blend coffee and its effects on metabolic profile in healthy subjects. Results: 70 healthy subjects, age 47 ± 12 years old participated in the trial. Most subjects were female (71,4%). This randomized crossover clinical trial lasted 77 days. All the volunteers performed four visits (T0 - T1 - T2 -T3). In the visits, the participants had blood samples taken, held clinical examinations and nutritional evaluation, aside from receiving orientation. Randomly, participants should drink 100% Arabic, blend coffee or decaffeinated coffee. Then, in a second stage, again randomly, volunteers were draw to see which roast they would start drinking. In T0, subjects were oriented to stop consuming all the foods and beverages, which contained coffee or caffeine for 21 days. In T1 subjects start consuming medium or dark roast paper-filtered coffee for 4 weeks. In T2 they start the other roast for another additional 4 weeks. In T3, subjects stopped the coffee consumption, thus the study was completed. Participants received the coffee powder according to randomization criteria previously described. It is the same kind of coffee from the same producer and way to prepare. The coffee daily consumption were between 450 -600 ml. After \"washout\" period and after each period drinking coffee, all the subjects had sample bloods taken, to assess total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, glycaemia, homocisteine, acid folic and anthropometric (weight and BMI - body mass index). After analyzing the results, we observed an increase in total cholesterol, LDL and HDL levels after blend coffee intake. A significative increase in homocisteine levels after 100% Arabic and blend coffee intake. The significant difference in the group that consumed 100% arabic coffee were in between basal and medium roast. But in in group that consumed blend coffee this significant difference in homocisteine were in between the two roasts, higher during medium roast. Conclusions: Those results demonstrate a slight increase in homocisteine, when consumed blend coffee and 100% Arabic coffee. Also increased total cholesterol and LDL but at the same time increased the HDL, when they drank blend coffee. Despite significant, those metabolic alterations were discrete. It is difficult to determine the coffee influence on lipid metabolism, but maybe this slight increase tin HDL together with some antioxidant effect can contribute to the reduction of death from cardiovascular disease as already noted in epidemiologic studies
13

Quantificação do clonazepam em plasma humano por cromatografia líquida de alta performance acoplada ao espectrômetro de massas em um estudo de bioequivalência / Clonazepam quantification in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry in a bioequivalence study

Cavedal, Luiz Eduardo, 1974- 09 May 2014 (has links)
Orientador: Gilberto De Nucci / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T00:45:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cavedal_LuizEduardo_M.pdf: 4045758 bytes, checksum: 5a5eef2831b79d1e23a2a7214378a9ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O objetivo foi o desenvolvimento de um método rápido, sensível e específico para quantificar clonazepam em plasma humano. Posteriormente esse método foi utilizado em um estudo de bioequivalência para comparar a biodisponibilidade entre duas formulações de clonazepam comprimidos de 2 mg em 40 voluntários saudáveis de ambos os sexos. Materiais e métodos: O estudo foi conduzido em dois períodos de confinamento dos voluntários, com 18 dias de intervalo entre o primeiro período e o segundo. Os plasmas dos voluntários, após a administração dos medicamentos, foram obtidos em diversos pontos de coleta dentro de um intervalo de 72 horas. As concentrações de clonazepam foram analisadas por cromatografia de fase reversa combinada e espectrometria de massas (LC-MS-MS) com eletrospray de ionização positiva usando o método de monitoramento de ion selecionado. Das curvas de concentração plasmática de Clonazepam vs tempo foram obtidos os seguintes parâmetros farmacocinéticos: Cmax e ASC0-72. Resultados: A média geométrica da relação Clonazepam/ Rivotril? 2 mg foi de 100.30% (90% CI=91.59-109.85%) para Cmax e 101.1% (90% CI=97.60-104.72%) para ASC0-72. Conclusão: Considerando que o CI de 90% (intervalo de confiança) para ambos Cmax e ASC0-72 obedeceram ao intervalo proposto pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) de 80-125%, foi concluído que Clonazepam 2 mg comprimido é bioequivalente ao Rivotril? 2 mg / Abstract: The objective was a development of a rapid, sensitive and specific method for clonazepam quantification in human plasma. This method was used in a bioequivalence study to compare the bioavailability of two clonazepam tablet 2 mg formulations in 40 health volunteers of both sexes. Material and methods: The study was conducted in two-period crossover design and an 18 days washout period. The volunteers plasma samples were obtained, after dose, over several times until 72-hour interval. Clonazepam concentrations were analysed by combined reversed phase liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) with positive ion electrospray ionisation using selected ion-monitoring method. From the Clonazepam plasma concentration vs time curves the following pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained: Cmax and ASClast. Results: Geometric mean of Clonazepam/ Rivotril? 2 mg individual percent ratio was 100.30% (90% CI=91.59-109.84%) for Cmax and 101.1% (90% CI=97.61-104.72%) for ASC0-72. Conclusion: Since the 90% CI (confidence interval) for both Cmax and ASClast were within the 80-125% interval proposed by the Agencia Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), it was concluded that Clonazepam 2 mg tablets was bioequivalent to Rivotril? 2 mg, according to both the rate and extent of absorption / Mestrado / Farmacologia / Mestre em Farmacologia
14

Detekce neuronální aktivity spojené s funkcí dolních močových cest pomocí funkční magnetické rezonance / Detection of neuronal activity associated with function of lower urinary tract with use of functional magnetic resonance imaging

Holý, Petr January 2014 (has links)
of the thesis Considerable research attention has been paid to the neural regulation of the lower urinary tract (LUT) in past three decades. The aim of this work is mapping of a brain activity by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using refined scanning protocol with synchronously performed urodynamics. We aimed to detect neural activity associated with pelvic floor muscle (PF) contractions, filling of urinary bladder and miction. In addition we evaluated using fMRI brain activity associated with urinary bladder filling in patients with a complete spinal cord injury (SCI). We hypothesized activation of brainstem and forebrain areas in receiving information from the vagal nerves. Adjustments of urodynamic system enabled successful implementation of synchronous filling cystometry with fMRI evaluation of cortical activity. We concluded that synchronous urodynamic examination is a novel feasible method that facilitates and enhance interpretation of fMRI data acquired. The main clusters of brain activation during PF contractions were observed in the medial surface of the frontal lobe (primary motor area) and supplementary motor area (SMA). We detected neural activity associated with filling of urinary bladder and miction in middle and inferior frontal gyrus, angular gyrus, posterior and...
15

Detekce neuronální aktivity spojené s funkcí dolních močových cest pomocí funkční magnetické rezonance / Detection of neuronal activity associated with function of lower urinary tract with use of functional magnetic resonance imaging

Holý, Petr January 2014 (has links)
of the thesis Considerable research attention has been paid to the neural regulation of the lower urinary tract (LUT) in past three decades. The aim of this work is mapping of a brain activity by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using refined scanning protocol with synchronously performed urodynamics. We aimed to detect neural activity associated with pelvic floor muscle (PF) contractions, filling of urinary bladder and miction. In addition we evaluated using fMRI brain activity associated with urinary bladder filling in patients with a complete spinal cord injury (SCI). We hypothesized activation of brainstem and forebrain areas in receiving information from the vagal nerves. Adjustments of urodynamic system enabled successful implementation of synchronous filling cystometry with fMRI evaluation of cortical activity. We concluded that synchronous urodynamic examination is a novel feasible method that facilitates and enhance interpretation of fMRI data acquired. The main clusters of brain activation during PF contractions were observed in the medial surface of the frontal lobe (primary motor area) and supplementary motor area (SMA). We detected neural activity associated with filling of urinary bladder and miction in middle and inferior frontal gyrus, angular gyrus, posterior and...
16

Pesquisa clínica com voluntários sadios: uma experiência brasileira

Santos, Maria Stella Galvão 28 March 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Stella Galvao Santos.pdf: 497638 bytes, checksum: 2ee60c863016f57ee15e7be3920521d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The first clinical research with healthy volunteers in Brazil had occurred in a tumultuated climate. In 1989 the process of institutionalization of the Unit of Clinical Pharmacology next to the Department of Pharmacology of the College of Medical Sciences on the State University of Campinas had beginning. Four years later, had started to appear public accusations on the use of healthy volunteers, called human guinea-pigs, in the clinical tests with medicines, and on the issue to remunerate them for the participation. The discussion arrived at the Justice and at the ethics councils of the area, involving the researcher and professor Gilbert De Nucci, and establishing criticizers and defenders of the initiative. In the trace of this controversy, appears the Resolution 196/96, which established the legal requirements for the accomplishment of clinical research in the country, based on the four pillars of the Bioethics: autonomy, non maleficence, beneficence and justice. The Brazilian norm incorporated what would come to become the more critical point in the discussion about the motivation of the healthy volunteers to participate of clinical research, when foresaw that they can be repaid by the financial expenses that come to have, but never remunerated. The international experience, however, openly adopts and discusses the remuneration criteria. Throughout this research and, in parallel to the demonstration of how the Bioethics has constituted itself on an important scientific field of reflection, had appeared relative questions to the link between science, language, speech, representation and power. In this context, we adopt the works of the French philosopher Michel Foucault (1926-1984) as our theoretical referential / As primeiras pesquisas clínicas com voluntários sadios no Brasil ocorreram em clima tumultuado . Em 1989 teve início o processo de institucionalização da Unidade de Farmacologia Clínica junto ao Departamento de Farmacologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Quatro anos depois, começaram a surgir denúncias públicas sobre a utilização de voluntários sadios, denominados cobaias humanas, nos testes clínicos com medicamentos, e sobre a prática de remunerá-los pela participação. A celeuma chegou à Justiça e aos conselhos de ética da área, envolvendo o pesquisador e professor Gilberto De Nucci, e estabelecendo críticos e defensores da iniciativa. No rastro dessa polêmica, surge a Resolução 196/96, que estabeleceu os requisitos legais para a realização de pesquisas clínicas no País, com base nos quatro pilares da Bioética: autonomia, não maleficência, beneficência e justiça. A norma brasileira incorporou o que viria a tornar-se o ponto nevrálgico no debate sobre a motivação dos voluntários sadios para participar de pesquisas de medicamentos, quando previu que eles somente podem ser ressarcidos pelas despesas que venham a ter, jamais remunerados. A experiência internacional, porém, adota e debate abertamente os critérios de remuneração. Ao longo deste trabalho de pesquisa e, em paralelo à demonstração de como a Bioética se constituiu em campo científico de reflexão por excelência, surgiram questões relativas ao vínculo entre ciência, linguagem, discurso, representação e poder. Neste contexto, optamos pelas obras do filósofo francês Michel Foucault (1926-1984) como referencial teórico para a nossa abordagem
17

Recognition Performance on Words Interrupted (10 Ips, 50% Duty Cycle) With Two Interruption Patterns Referenced to Word Onset: Young Listeners With Normal Hearing for Pure Tones and Older Listeners With Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Wilson, Richard H., Irish, Staci E. 01 January 2015 (has links)
OBJECTIVE: To determine in an interrupted word paradigm (Maryland CNCs; 10 ips, 50% duty cycle) if different locations of the interruption pattern produce different recognition performances. DESIGN: Repeated measures using two interruption patterns that were complementary halves referenced to word onset; one started with word onset (0-ms), the other started 50 ms later. The hypothesis was that recognition performance would be better on the 0-ms condition than on the 50-ms condition, but there would be some words with the reverse relation. STUDY SAMPLE: Twenty-four young adults with normal hearing for pure tones and 32 older adults (mean = 67 years) with sensorineural hearing loss participated. RESULTS: With the young listeners mean recognition performance on the 0-ms condition (63.1%) was significantly better than the mean performance on the 50-ms condition (47.8%). About twice as many words had better performance on the 0-ms condition. With the older listeners, who were given only stimuli on which performances were > 58% by the young normals, performances on the two conditions were the same. CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesis was supported with the young listeners. The equal performance by the older listeners on the two conditions was attributed to the manner in which the words were selected.

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