Bakgrund: De flesta svenskarna sparar i form av värdepapper för att investera sina pengar och få en avkastning. Vilket placeringsalternativ ska de välja mellan investering i traditionella eller speciella fonder? De traditionella fonderna har en relativ avkastning och en stor risk, medan de speciella eller hedgefonderna har en lägre risk och en absolut positiv avkastning oavsett marknadsläge.I denna studie kommer att undersökas om hedgefonders avkastningsmönster är trovärdig, och om deras målsättning har uppnåtts under åtta års period. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan olika svenska hedgefonders investeringsstrategier och avkastningsmönster samt undersöka hur dessa hedgefonder skiljer sig från de traditionella fonderna och marknadsindexet. Delsyftet är att studera två olika perioder och urskilja hur fonderna presterar under hög respektive låg konjunktur läge. Metod: Studien är baserad på forskningsstrategin kvantitativa metoden. Sekundär data i form av historiska avkastningssiffror för åttaårsperiod är avhämtad. Olika nyckeltal är valda för uträckningen och analysen. Korrelation, regression och hypotesprövning är de utvalda statistiska metoder som ska leda författaren att analysera och dra slutsats. Slutsats: De hedgefonderna har under de olika perioderna genererat en genomsnittlig positiv avkastning trots de låga värden. De har lägre totalrisk samt marknadsrisk än de traditionella, och en låg korrelation mellan varandra. Vidare har studien visat att räntearbitrage och marknadsneutrala strategier har presterat bäst under låg konjunktur.Sammanfattningsvis hedgefonders avkastningsmönster skiljer sig mellan de olika strategierna och inom varje strategi. Trots på den låga positiva avkastningen anses hedgefonder ett bättre placeringsalternativ än traditionella fonder i tider där marknaden går ner.Avkastningsmönster är en fördom på kortsikt men anses vara en verklighet långsiktigt. / Background: The majority of the Swedish population saves in the form of securities to invest and receive a return. Which investment option should they choose? Should they invest in mutual or special funds? The mutual funds have a relative return and come with a high risk, while the special funds, also known as hedge funds, have an absolute positive return regardless of the market situation and this fund type accounts for a lower risk. This study will investigate whether the return pattern in the hedge funds are valid or not, and if their objective was achieved during this 8 year period. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate if there is a relationship between Swedish hedge funds' investment strategies and their return pattern as well as examining how these hedge funds differ from the mutual funds and the market index. The sub focus is studying two different periods and discerns how the funds perform under high and low economic situation. Methodology: The study is based on results obtained from the research strategy, of a quantitative character. Secondary data in the form of historical returns for the eight-year period is utilized. Different ratios are utilized for calculations and analysis. Correlation, regression, and hypothesis testing are the chosen statistical methods that will lead the author to analyze and draw conclusions. Conclusions: The hedge funds have in the different periods generated an average positive return despite the low values. They have lower total risk and market risk than mutual ones, and a low correlation between each other. Furthermore, the study has shown that rate arbitrage and market neutral strategies perform best under low economy context.In summary, hedge funds' return pattern differs between the diverse strategies and within each strategy. Despite the low positive returns hedge funds are considered a better investment option than mutual funds in times when the market is unstable.The return pattern does not apply to short term investments but it does apply to long term investments.

Submitted by Daniel Montero Heilbrun (daniel_heilbrun@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-31T18:50:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mestrado_dmh.pdf: 1853781 bytes, checksum: 1f83154ac6e3fdda760d5d9d053c4e72 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Joana Martorini (joana.martorini@fgv.br) on 2017-08-31T18:54:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mestrado_dmh.pdf: 1853781 bytes, checksum: 1f83154ac6e3fdda760d5d9d053c4e72 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-01T12:18:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mestrado_dmh.pdf: 1853781 bytes, checksum: 1f83154ac6e3fdda760d5d9d053c4e72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-03 / Several theoretical works have been developed in the last five decades proposing texting delta-hedge strategies when the premises of the Black e Scholes (1973) are relaxed. This paper sets out to find the best delta-hedge strategy in the presence of transaction costs with the price series that follows a GARCH (1,1) process. This paper analyzes and compare four different delta-hedge strategies: Black e Scholes (1973), modified volatility (Leland (1985)), Asset Tolerance Strategy (Henrotte (1993)) e Variable Banwidth Around Delta (Whalley e Wilmott (1997)). / Diversos trabalhos teóricos foram desenvolvidos nas últimas cinco décadas propondo estratégias de delta-hedge quando as premissas do modelo de Black e Scholes (1973) são relaxadas. Mais recentemente, outros trabalhos comparando as estratégias surgiram, destacando-se os trabalhos de Zakamouline (2009) e Ino (2013). Como alternativa ao modelo utilizado por Ino (2013) para descrever a dinâmica das ações estudadas, mas utilizando-se da mesma metodologia, este trabalho se propõe a encontrar qual é a melhor estratégia de delta-hedge na presença de custos de transação e considerando-se que a série de preços da ação segue um processo GARCH (1,1). Para isso, avaliou-se quatro diferentes estratégias de delta-hedge: Black e Scholes (1973), volatilidade modificada (Leland (1985)), bandas de tolerância para o preço do ativo-objeto (Henrotte (1993)) e bandas de tolerância variáveis para a variação do delta (Whalley e Wilmott (1997)).

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:20:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 163071.pdf: 1020919 bytes, checksum: d38f60057e12ca6dfdc83ce2fe0fcca9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-01-31T00:00:00Z / Making business in a globalized world implies in increasing the exposure of nonfinancial companies to several financial risks as foreign exchange rates, commodities and interests rates; depending on the evolution of these variables, companies results may be affected significantly. There are plenty of academic theories which focus on benefits generated by risk management programs in non-financial companies as reduction of costs of financial distress and agency costs as well as the use of hedging strategies for tax purposes. These initiatives may contribute to the value creation for the business and may offer a better forecastability of future cash flows, reducing companies vulnerability to adverse market conditions. This study presents two business cases with Brazilian non-financial companies which had exposure on foreign currency and transactions with foreign currency derivatives were not identified from 1999 up to 2005, a period with high volatility of foreign currency rates. By the use of simulation models, some hedge strategies were proposed for the identified exposures for each company aiming at evaluating the effects of derivatives utilization on companies results for both value creation and volatility reduction for expected cash flows perspectives. This study does not recommend hedge strategies for a specific market situation but only demonstrates, empirically, which results would be achieved if specific strategies were implemented, considering that several others could be created for the same market situation. Results suggest some insights on derivatives utilization by non-financial companies – a brand new theme for Brazilian companies. / A realização de negócios em um mundo globalizado implica em aumentar a exposição das empresas não-financeiras a diversos riscos de origem financeira como câmbio, commodities e taxas de juros e que, dependendo da evolução destas variáveis macroeconômicas, podem afetar significativamente os resultados destas empresas. Existem diversas teorias acadêmicas que abordam sobre os benefícios gerados por programas de gestão de riscos em empresas não-financeiras como redução dos custos de financial distress e custos de agência bem como o uso de estratégias de hedge para fins fiscais. Tais iniciativas contribuiriam, em última instância, para a criação de valor para o negócio e poderiam garantir uma melhor previsibilidade dos fluxos de caixa futuros, tornando as empresas menos vulneráveis a condições adversas de mercado. Este trabalho apresenta dois estudos de caso com empresas não-financeiras brasileiras que possuíam exposições em moeda estrangeira e que não foram identificadas operações com derivativos cambiais durante o período de 1999 a 2005 que foi caracterizado pela alta volatilidade da taxa de câmbio. Através de modelos de simulação, algumas estratégias com o uso de derivativos foram propostas para as exposições cambiais identificadas para cada empresa com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da utilização destes derivativos cambiais sobre os resultados das empresas no que se refere à agregação de valor para o negócio e redução de volatilidade dos fluxos de caixa esperados. O trabalho não visa recomendar estratégias de hedge para determinada situação de mercado mas apenas demonstra, de forma empírica, quais os resultados seriam obtidos caso certas estratégias fossem adotadas, sabendo-se que inúmeras outras poderiam ser criadas para a mesma situação de mercado. Os resultados sugerem alguns insights sobre a utilização de derivativos por empresas não-financeiras sendo um tema relativamente novo para empresas brasileiras.