Mythological figures play a number of roles in literature: they may, of course, appear in person as developed characters, but they may also contribute more indirectly, as part of the substratum from which rhetorical argument or literary characterisation are constructed, or as a background against which other literary strategies (for example, the rewriting of epic or the appropriation of Greek culture by the Romans) can be marked out. This thesis sets out to examine the way in which the figure of Penelope emerges from unknown origins, acquires portrayal in almost canonical form in Homer's Odyssey, and then takes part in the subsequent interplay of Homeric and other literary allusions throughout later Classical literature (with chapters focusing particularly on fifth-century Greek tragedy, Hellenistic poetry, and Augustan poetry). In particular, it focuses on the manner in which, despite the potential complexities of the character and the possible variants in her story, she became quintessentially a stereotypical figure. In addition to considering example where Penelope is evoked by name, a case is also made for the thesis that allusion, or intertextual reference, could also evoke Penelope for an ancient audience. A central point of discussion is what perception of Penelope would be called to mind by intertextual reference. The importance of approaching relationships between ancient texts in intertextual terms rather terms of strict "allusion" is thus demonstrated. The formation of the simplified picture is considered in the light of folk-tale motifs, rhetorical simplification of myth, and favoured story patterns. The appendices include a summary of the myth of Penelope with all attested variants, and a comprehensive list of explicit references to her in classical literature.

This thesis argues that sanctuaries of the gods played a significant role in the political life of the Greek polis in the archaic and classical periods, and that the politics of the period cannot be understood fully without consideration of religion. It uses the text of Herodotos as a source of evidence about the history and perceptions of the period, but also makes use of other literary and archaeological evidence, so that the resulting models may be considered generally useful for the study of the period. Ch. 1 lays out the background to the subject; ch. 2 is an analysis of the activities related to sanctuaries described by Herodotos; ch. 3 examines sanctuaries as the meeting places of federations of Greek states, as well as investigating the nature of sanctuaries as areas of bounded space, showing that political meetings were frequently, if not always, held in sanctuaries, and that this was perceived as allowing some divine influence on decisions; ch. 4 investigates the dedications made at sanctuaries by foreigners, as part of a diplomatic process, showing that they provided a means of access to the polis as well as the god; ch. 5 compares the dedication of booty at sanctuaries with the construction of the battlefield trophy; ch. 6 argues that Herodotos portrays divine intervention as always happening through sanctuaries; ch. 7 argues that Herodotos' frequent mentions of Delphi are a sign of its importance in Greek history, not his own interest; ch. 8 draws some of these ideas together and suggests some general explanations for the importance of sanctuaries, as providing symbolic control of access to the polis, and bestowing authority on decisions taken by assemblies. Finally it suggests that Herodotos's inclusion of religious matters in his histories increases his importance as a source and an historian.

Η αλλαγή στη μορφή της κοινωνίας και η αύξηση της εγκληματικότητας κατέστησε επιτακτική την ανάγκη να αλλάξει ο αστυνομικός, μέσω της ανάληψης νέων ρόλων και της εκπαίδευσής του. Στη βιβλιογραφική επισκόπηση διαπιστώθηκε η περιορισμένη μελέτη των Ελλήνων αστυνομικών και για το λόγο αυτό πραγματοποιήθηκε η συγκεκριμένη διατριβή που σκοπό είχε να εξεταστούν οι γνώσεις και η μεταβίβαση των αστυνομικών πρακτικών και τεχνικών στον εργασιακό χώρο. Η έρευνα εστίασε στη μελέτη της στάσης, της συμπεριφοράς και της νοοτροπίας του αστυνομικού σε σχέση με την αποτελεσματικότητα της εκπαίδευσής του, καθώς και της ανανέωσης δεξιοτήτων μέσω προγραμμάτων συνεχιζόμενης εκπαίδευσης. Παράλληλα, έγινε προσπάθεια αναγνώρισης πιθανών περιορισμών και τομέων που απαιτούν βελτίωση στην εκπαίδευση των Ελλήνων αστυνομικών. Για το σκοπό αυτό, διανεμήθηκαν ερωτηματολόγια σε 83 μάχιμους αστυνομικούς, διαφόρων βαθμίδων ιεραρχίας, που υπηρετούσαν σε Αστυνομικά Τμήματα της Ελληνικής Αστυνομίας και σε 94 δόκιμους αστυφύλακες. Από όλους τους συμμετέχοντες ζητήθηκε να αξιολογήσουν οι ίδιοι την πληρότητα των γνώσεων που έχουν αποκτήσει και την ποιότητα της εκπαίδευσής τους. Επίσης, θεωρήθηκε σημαντικό να διαπιστωθεί η αναγκαιότητα της συνεχιζόμενης εκπαίδευσης των αστυνομικών.Η συγκεκριμένη μελέτη έδειξε ότι οι συμμετέχοντες μάχιμοι και δόκιμοι αστυνομικοί επιζητούν τη συνεχιζόμενη εκπαίδευση λόγω της αλλαγής των μορφών εγκληματικότητας όπως, το ηλεκτρονικό έγκλημα, τρομοκρατία. Αναγνώρισαν την ανάγκη βελτίωσης και ανανέωσης των δεξιοτήτων τους μέσω προγραμμάτων συνεχιζόμενης κατάρτισης. Ακόμη, έδειξε ότι υπάρχει διαφορά μεταξύ των δόκιμων και των μάχιμων αστυνομικών όσον αφορά στην εκπαίδευσή τους. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, ο δόκιμος θεωρεί την εκπαίδευσή του ιδανική εφόσον νιώθει ότι κατά την αποφοίτησή του θα είναι σε θέση να αντιμετωπίσει οποιοδήποτε συμβάν με τον κατάλληλο τρόπο. Η δια βίου μάθηση και εκπαίδευση είναι απαραίτητη και για τον σύγχρονο αστυνομικό και αποδεικνύεται από τη συγκεκριμένη μελέτη η επιθυμία και η ανάγκη των αστυνομικών για συμμετοχή τους σε προγράμματα κατάρτισης. Οι συμμετέχοντες αναγνωρίζοντας την ανάγκη για συνεχή ανανέωση των γνώσεων και δεξιοτήτων προτείνουν την υλοποίηση προγραμμάτων συνεχιζόμενης εκπαίδευσης κάθε 3-5 χρόνια με θέματα που αφορούν κυρίως τεχνικές αυτοάμυνας, αυτοπροστασίας, επικίνδυνης οδήγησης και χρήσης όπλου. Ακόμη, προτείνουν την εφαρμογή και συζήτηση πραγματικών περιστατικών σε εικονικές συνθήκες (case scenario – role playing). Όπως προαναφέρθηκε, η περιορισμένη βιβλιογραφική αναφορά στη μελέτη των Ελλήνων αστυνομικών επιβεβαιώνει την ανάγκη για μελλοντικές έρευνες, όπως η μελέτη του συγκεκριμένου θέματος με μεγαλύτερο αριθμό συμμετεχόντων. Ο σημερινός δόκιμος θα εξελιχθεί σε μάχιμος αστυνομικός και θα μπορούσε να αποτελέσει θέμα για μελλοντική έρευνα η αξιολόγηση της άποψης των δόκιμων μετά από ένα εύλογο χρόνο εμπειρίας τους στον εργασιακό χώρο. Επίσης, πρόταση για μελλοντική έρευνα θα μπορούσε να είναι η αξιολόγηση αστυνομικών μετά τη συμμετοχή τους σε προγράμματα συνεχιζόμενης κατάρτισης όσον αφορά στη μεταφορά της γνώσης στον εργασιακό χώρο. / The role of the police officer is constantly changing according to society’s needs. New forms of crime have emerged thus, requiring a type of police officer with decision making skills and knowledge of advanced technology. A research of the available literature concerning training and development of human resources was carried out and a limited amount of research of Greek police officers was found. This quantitative study examined Greek police officers’ level of knowledge, the transfer of knowledge and their attitudes toward basic training and continuing education. Included were the factors influencing the police officers’ training and the possible need for continuing education needed in order to perform their job more effectively. The police officers’ evaluation towards the efficiency of their training and their attitudes toward continuing development of each one’s skills through continuing education programs were considered. Another aim of this study was to identify possible limitations and areas needing improvement in the Greek police officers’ training. The study included police officers from various departments and divisions of the Hellenic Police Force. Eighty three (n=83) police officers on active duty and ninety four (n=94) police officer cadets. The satisfaction gained from education and training along with each individual’s need for continuing development was examined.The results demonstrated that this sample believed in the value of training and continuing education. Their attitudes and behaviors were greatly influenced by their education. Based on the results, the participants sometimes felt unprepared due to the changing types of crimes such as cybercrimes, human and drug trafficking, terrorism. Continuing education was found to be desired and needed by these officers who suggest the implementation of continuing education programs every 3-5 years concerning such topics as self-defense tactics and use of weapons. They also suggest the use of teaching methods such as role playing and case scenarios in their training program. These findings may provide administrators with information to develop strategic goals and actions needed to improve basic training and continuing education programs. These programs are much needed so that police officers become more efficient in transferring their knowledge to the work environment. Continuous education concerning various policies and updates on new information is recommended to increase job effectiveness. As was mentioned previously, the limited literature found confirms the need for further research by studying a larger sample. A follow-up study should be conducted to measure the improvement in the use of techniques that are necessary for the police officer to efficiently fulfill his duties.

Σκοπός της εργασίας ήταν η διερεύνηση των δυσκολιών που αντιμετώπισαν οι μεταπτυχιακοί φοιτητές του ΕΑΠ κατά την εκπόνηση της διπλωματικής τους εργασίας και συγκεκριμένα οι μεταπτυχιακοί φοιτητές/τριες της ενότητας ΕΚΠ65. Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν 18 μεταπτυχιακοί φοιτητές/τριες της ενότητας ΕΚΠ65,οι οποίοι εκπονούσαν την εργασία τους κατά το ακαδημαικό έτος 2010-11. Πρόκειται για μια ποιοτική προσέγγιση στην οποία χρησιμοποιήθηκε ως ερευνητικό εργαλείο η μη δομημένη συνέντευξη με ερωτήσεις ανοιχτού τύπου. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν πως οι φοιτητές/τριες συνάντησαν μια πληθώρα δυσκολιών/εμποδίων με πιο χαρακτηριστικά τα ακόλουθα: επαγγελματικές και οικογενειακές υποχρεώσεις, περιορισμένος διαθέσιμος χρόνος, προβλήματα υγείας, δυσκολία εξεύρεσης βιβλιογραφίας, δυσκολίες στην μεθοδολογία-συγγραφή έρευνας, στην επιλογή και διατύπωση θέματος, προβλήματα στην επικοινωνία με τον επιβλέποντα καθηγητή,δυσκολίες στην στατιστική επεξεργασία δεδομένων, μεγάλος όγκος βιβλιογραφίας, γεωγραφική απομάκρυνση-απόσταση απο βιβλιοθήκες, ψυχολογικοί παράγοντες, όπως το άγχος και τέλος, προσωπικοί λόγοι-γάμος. / The purpose of this paper is the definition of the difficulties that are faced by the EKP65 unit's postgraduate students of the Hellenic Open University, while they prepared their Master thesis. Eighteen postgraduate students participated in the research in the academic year 2010-11. It is a qualitative approach, in which semi-structured interview and open questions were used. The results of this research revealed that the students faced an amoumt of difficulties and obstacles. The most frequently spotted were: proffesional and family obligations, lack of time, helth problems, finding topic, problems in the bibliography research, difficulties in the writing process, communication issues with thw surervisor, statistical analysis of their data, many reading obligations, geografical distance from the libraries, psychological parametres.like anxiety and personal reasons-marriage.

This thesis discusses the Ottoman policies on archaeology in the aftermath of the initiation of the Tanzimat reforms (1839) and until the end of the Ottoman Empire (1923). It explores the activities of the central state, the autonomous Principality of Samos in the Aegean, and the Hellenic Literary Society at Constantinople. Primary and secondary sources in Ottoman Turkish, Katharevousa Greek, Modern Turkish and Modern Greek, English and French inform the analysis. The first chapter looks at the contexts within which an Ottoman interest in archaeology emerged. It discusses the rise of archaeology as a distinct area of scientific and scholarly research in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the encounters of the Ottomans with western archaeologies in that period, and those domestic intellectual dynamics that made them receptive to archaeology. The second chapter focuses on the Ottoman legislation on antiquities, and secondarily looks at related institutional developments. It discusses at length the emergence of an Ottoman voice on archaeology through the crystallisation of increasingly comprehensive and mature sets of rules and procedures on heritage management. By looking at the autonomous Principality of Samos, the third chapter shifts the attention to the western periphery of the empire, and explores how the Greek Orthodox, when outside the direct control of the central state, could develop their own understanding of, processes and structures regarding archaeology. The fourth chapter looks, for the first time in the literature, at the archaeological activities of the Hellenic Literary Society at Constantinople, and discusses the contribution of Ottoman society to the promotion of archaeological research and the protection of monuments. Overall, this thesis provides a critical analysis of the emergence of the concept and practice of archaeological heritage protection in the Ottoman Empire in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

No description available.

In multicultural societies like Canada where cultural diversity always exist, ethnic groups strive to preserve their cultural heritage and not become assimilated by the mainstream culture. Today, ethnic groups such as the Hellenic Community of Ottawa seek innovative means to sustain cultural elements such as ethnic language, religious beliefs, and social, cultural and leisure pursuits. This phenomenological study presents the perspectives of recent administrators of the Hellenic School of Ottawa toward language and cultural maintenance. The results of this study indicate that the Hellenic School of Ottawa is vital and effective for maintaining the Hellenic culture and language beyond the 3rd and 4th generation, as it includes the instruction of Greek language and familiarization with Greek culture. The results also indicate that students of the language school: (1) Are provided with an opportunity to learn Greek which may not be received at home, (2) learn to appreciate their ethnic heritage through language oriented leisure activities, (3) make friendships with those of same ethnic cultural heritage, (4) learn to have a deeper appreciation of multiculturalism and its place in Canadian society, and (5) develop confidence to speak their ethnic language. This study also provides suggestions for the enhancement of the operation of the HSO, such as addition of more Greek-content leisure activities, organization of trips to Greece, and expansion of the instructional time.

This thesis is a narratological study of Nonnus of Panopolis' Dionysiaca, focussing on the figure of the narrator whose interventions reveal much about his relationship to his predecessors and his own conception of story-telling. Although he presents himself as a follower of Homer, whom he mentions by name in his poem, the Dionysiaca are clearly influenced by a much wider range of sources of inspiration. The study of narratological interventions brings to light the narrator's relationship with Homer, between imitation and innovation. The way he renews and transforms epic narratorial devices attests to his literary skills as he strives for ποικιλία in his poem. His interventions hint at sources of inspiration other than Homer, such as lyric poetry, historiography, and didactic epic. Another innovation is the way the narrator intervenes not to draw the narratee's attention to the contents of his text, but to underline his own role as story-teller. Some interventions signal a change in tone or the integration of another genre; the expected proems and invocations to the Muse become spaces for a display of ingeniousness, a discussion of the sources and a reflection on the role of the poet. The efforts made by the Nonnian narrator to renew well known devices also denotes his mindfulness of his narratee, whom he involves in the story through metaleptic devices, or by drawing on a shared cultural background to enhance the narrative with allusions to extradiegetic references. The study of narratorial interventions proves that the Dionysiaca were not written only in an attempt to recreate a Homeric epic, but are a compendium of influences, genres, and myths, encompassing the influence of a thousand years of Greek literature.

The three works of Procopius of Caesarea, the History of the Wars, the Buildings and the Secret History, form a corpus which can be profitably studied as a whole. My thesis is a typology of the visual in Procopius’ corpus, which is embedded in a study of narrative technique. It concerns itself with the representation of material reality and the complex relationship between materiality and the text. It utilises the digressive and the descriptive as an indirect entry point to expose Procopius’ literary finesse and his use of poikilia. In the first half of this thesis, the main object of my study is the representation of the material world in Procopius. The first chapter is devoted to the first book of the Buildings as it depicts the city of Constantinople. The second chapter moves to the representation of space and the third chapter to that of objects of all sizes and kinds. From these three different angles, I demonstrate how the visual is deeply charged with both ideological and meta-textual intentions. The second half of the thesis goes beyond materiality to examine what I discuss as the imaginaire of Procopius. The fourth chapter examines the way violence is depicted in a material and spectacular manner as well as its meta-textual implications, and the fifth and final chapter addresses the omnipresence of the supernatural in the corpus as well as Procopius’ self-representation as narrator and character. While preoccupied to some extent with ideological and political concerns, this thesis is first and foremost centred on the text itself and how its relationship to the description of material culture throws light on a crucial author on the cusp between the classical and the medieval imaginaire, one of the most significant authors in Byzantine literary culture.

The thesis consists of three main sections: the Introduction, the text (with apparatus), and the Commentary. The Introduction begins with a survey of the available evidence for the poem’s date and authorship, before moving on to consider its generic affiliations and influences, focusing on two particular areas: its links with the ill-defined genre of παρῳδία, and its relationship to animal-narratives elsewhere in ancient literature (particularly fable) and visual art. This is followed by a detailed analysis of the poem’s style and metre, a brief tour of its Nachleben up to the 13th century, and a summary of the notoriously tangled manuscript tradition. The text is new, and differs substantially from both that of Allen (in the OCT) and of West (the most recent English edition). The apparatus, as explained in more detail on p. 117, is somewhere between the two: it takes into account the readings of only nine MSS from the 80-100 extant, and does not attempt to represent every single textual variation even among these nine, but it is much fuller than the minimalist apparatus of the Loeb. It aims to provide a useful source for scholars interested in the poem’s many and serious textual cruces, while remaining more succinct and user-friendly than the dense and sometimes baffling apparatus of Ludwich’s monumental 1896 edition. The text is followed by an English prose translation: this makes no claims to beauty, and is simply intended as a relatively literal guide to the sense of the Greek. The Commentary, finally, is twofold. Any commentary on the Batrachomyomachia will inevitably spend much space and ink on purely textual issues, and on the fundamental task of unearthing meaning from the dizzying range of wild and nonsensical variants available. Interspersed with these textual points, however, this commentary includes considerations of the poem not as a mechanics problem but as a sophisticated Hellenistic work of art – exploring its intertextualities, its characterisation, its dramatic effects, its dry sense of humour, and subjecting it to the serious literary analysis it has often been denied.