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INFLUENCE OF PRESSURE ON FAST DYNAMICS IN POLYMERSBegen, Burak January 2007 (has links)
No description available.
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Determina??o de dados de equil?brio l?quido-vapor a altas press?es para sistemas de hidrocarbonetos assim?tricosGuerra Neto, Dival de Brito 22 December 2010 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2010-12-22 / Crude oil is a complex liquid mixture of organic and inorganic compounds that
are dominated by hydrocarbons. It is a mixture of alkanes from the simplest to more
complex aromatic compounds that are present derivatives such as gasoline, diesel,
alcohol, kerosene, naphtha, etc.. These derivatives are extracted from any oil, however,
only with a very high quality, in other words, when the content of hydrocarbons of low
molecular weight is high means that production of these compounds is feasible. The
American Petroleum Institute (API) developed a classification system for the various
types of oil. In Brazil, the quality of most of the oil taken from wells is very low, so it is
necessary to generate new technology to develop best practices for refining in order to
produce petroleum products of higher commercial value. Therefore, it is necessary to
study the thermodynamic equilibrium properties of its derivative compounds of interest.
This dissertation aims to determine vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for the systems
Phenilcyclohexane - CO2, and Cyclohexane - Phenilcyclohexane - CO2 at high pressure
and temperatures between 30 to 70oC. Furthermore, comparisons between measured
VLE experimental data from this work and from the literature in relation to the Peng-
Robinson molecular thermodynamic model, using a simulation program SPECS
IVCSEP v5.60 and two adjustable interaction parameters, have been performed for
modeling and simulation purposes. Finally, the developed apparatus for determination
of phase equilibrium data at high pressures is presented / O petr?leo bruto ? uma complexa mistura l?quida de compostos org?nicos e
inorg?nicos em que predominam os hidrocarbonetos, desde os alcanos mais simples at?
os arom?ticos mais complexos. Nessa mistura encontram-se presentes derivados como
gasolina, diesel, ?lcool, querosene, nafta, g?soleos, etc., estes derivados s?o extra?dos de
qualquer petr?leo, por?m, somente os com uma qualidade bastante elevada, ou seja,
com teor de hidrocarbonetos de baixo peso molecular alto s?o realmente vi?veis a
produ??o destes compostos. A American Petroleum Institute (API) desenvolveu um
sistema de classifica??o dos tipos de petr?leo. No Brasil a qualidade da maioria dos
petr?leos retirado dos po?os ? muito baixa, sendo assim, ? necess?rio obter novos
conhecimentos a fim de desenvolver melhores pr?ticas de refino com o intuito de
produzir derivados de petr?leo de alto valor comercial. Para isso se faz necess?rio o
estudo de equil?brio termodin?mico de seus derivados. Esta disserta??o de mestrado
consiste em determinar dados de equil?brio l?quido-vapor dos sistemas Fenilciclohexano
- CO2 e Fenilciclohexano - Ciclohexano e CO2 a alta press?o e temperaturas entre 30 a
70 graus Celsius. Compara??es entres os dados experimentais de equil?brio liquidovapor
encontrados no laborat?rio e na literatura foram realizadas em rela??o aos valores
obtidos pelo modelo termodin?mico molecular de Peng-Robinson usando o programa
computacional SPECS IVCSEP v5.60, com dois par?metros de intera??o ajust?veis,
para fins de modelagem e simula??o. Al?m disso, ? apresentado o desenvolvimento de
um equipamento de alta press?o no laborat?rio para determina??o de dados de equil?brio
de fases
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[pt] ESTUDO REOLÓGICO DA FORMAÇÃO DE HIDRATO DE GÁS DE ETANO A PARTIR DE EMULSÃO MODELO ÁGUA EM ÓLEO EM UMA CÉLULA DE ALTA PRESSÃO / [en] RHEOLOGICAL STUDY OF ETHANE GAS HYDRATES FORMATION FROM WATER-IN-MODEL OIL EMULSION IN A HIGH PRESSURE CELLANA CAROLINA GUIMARAES A REBELLO 06 July 2023 (has links)
[pt] Na indústria de óleo e gás, a paralisação da produção e do transporte
nas linhas de fluxo causadas pela deposição de compostos orgânicos e
inorgânicos rendem enormes perdas financeiras e preocupações ambientais.
Um dos fatores mais comuns e críticos na deposição orgânica está
relacionado com a formação de hidratos de gás, que são sólidos cristalinos
de base aquosa, fisicamente semelhantes ao gelo, formados em condições
de alta pressão e baixas temperaturas. Devido a esses fatos preocupantes,
fenômenos relacionados aos hidratos, como formação, dissociação e formas
de mitigação, vêm sendo estudados há anos por pesquisadores. Neste
trabalho foram realizados experimentos para analisar a formação de hidrato
de gás de etano em emulsões água em óleo, através de uma análise reológica
baseada na variação de pressão, taxa de cisalhamento e fração de volume
de água, e usando as geometrias vane e de cilindros concêntricos. Testes de
varredura de tempo de alta pressão foram realizados, e os resultados foram
apresentados através de curvas de viscosidade e pressão. A quantidade de
água convertida em hidrato também foi estimada através da equação de
estado e relacionada com a viscosidade das pastas de hidratos formadas.
Os resultados obtidos mostram que o período de indução foi reduzido pelo
aumento do subresfriamento, corte de água e taxa de cisalhamento. Quanto
maior a fração de volume de água, maior o nível atingido pela viscosidade
quando identificada a formação de hidratos. A viscosidade relativa, após
a formação do hidrato, foi estudada. Esse conhecimento proporcionou
uma compreensão mais efetiva de algumas diferenças observadas entre
as duas geometrias. E para complementar o estudo, foram realizadas
rampas de taxa de cisalhamento mostrando semelhanças entre os três
resultados com cilindros concêntricos, mas diferenças entre os resultados
com geometria vane. Ambas as geometrias, vane e cilindros concêntricos,
foram consideradas adequadas para estudar a formação de hidratos e
resultados qualitativos semelhantes foram obtidos. / [en] In the oil and gas industry, the stoppage of the production and
transportation flowlines caused by the deposition of organic and inorganic
compounds yields huge financial losses and environmental concerns. One
of the most common and critical inorganic deposition is related with gas
hydrates, which are crystalline water-based solids, physically similar to ice,
formed in conditions of high pressure and low temperatures. Due to the
worrying facts, phenomena related to hydrates, as formation, dissociation,
and forms to its mitigation have been studied for years by researchers.
In this work, experiments were carried out to analyze ethane gas hydrate
formation in water-in-model oil emulsions, through a rheological analysis
based on the variation of pressure, shear rate and water volume fraction,
and using the vane and concentric cylinder geometries. High pressure time
sweep tests were performed, and the results were presented through viscosity
and pressure curves. The amount of water converted to hydrate was also
estimated through the equation of state and related to the viscosity of the
hydrate slurries formed. The results obtained showed that the induction
period was reduced by increasing the subcooling, water cut, and shear
rate. The higher the water volume fraction, the higher the level reached by
viscosity when hydrate formation is identified. The relative viscosity after
hydrate formation was studied. This knowledge provided a more effective
understanding of some differences observed between the two geometries.
And to complement the study, shear rate ramps were performed showing
similarities between results with concentric cylinders but differences with
vane. Both geometries, vane and concentric cylinders, seem to be adequate
to study hydrate formation and similar qualitative results were obtained.
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Développement d'une méthode de contributions de groupes pour le calcul du coefficient d'interaction binaire de l'équation d'état de Peng-Robinson et mesures d'équilibres liquide-vapeur de systèmes contenant du CO2 / Agroup contribution method to calculate the binary interaction parmeter of the Peng-Robinson equation of state and vapor-liquid equilibria measurements for systems containing CO2Vitu, Stéphane 06 November 2007 (has links)
Nous avons développé une méthode de contributions de groupes permettant d'estimer, en fonction de la température, le coefficient d'interaction binaire (kij) de l'équation d'état de Peng Robinson. Notre approche rend cette équation d'état prédictive. Douze groupes sont définis et il est possible d'estimer les kij pour n'importe quel mélange renfermant des alcanes, des aromatiques, des naphtènes et du CO2. Les diagrammes de phase et lieux des points critiques des systèmes binaires sont bien prédits par le modèle baptisé PPR78 (Predictive 1978, Peng Robinson equation of state). Ce modèle permet également de traiter efficacement les mélanges multiconstituants comme les pétroles bruts et les gaz naturels. A l'aide d'une cellule haute pression, des mesures d'équilibres liquide - vapeur ont été réalisées pour la première fois sur deux systèmes binaires : CO2 méthylcyclopentane et CO2 isopropylcyclohexane. Des mesures ont également été faites sur un mélange renfermant du CO2 et cinq hydrocarbures / A group contribution method allowing the estimation of the temperature dependent binary interaction parameter (kij) for the Peng Robinson equation of state is proposed. Doing so, a new predictive thermodynamic model is born. Twelve groups are defined and it is now possible to estimate the kij for any mixture containing alkanes, aromatics, naphthenes and CO2, whatever the temperature. The model, called PPR78 (Predictive 1978, Peng Robinson equation of state), gives a good description of the phase diagrams and critical locus of binary systems. This predictive model can be successfully employed for the simulation of many mixtures such as natural gases and petroleum fluids. Using a high pressure visual cell, vapor liquid equilibria measurements were made for two binary systems: CO2 methylcyclopentane and CO2 isopropylcyclohexane. For these two systems, no literature data were available. Finally, we measured bubble and dew points on a five component hydrocarbon mixture in the presence of CO2
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