The topic of this thesis is "Proceedings for administrative transgressions against the safety and smooth highway traffic". Although there is no such special type of proceedings, it is an issue which deserves an attention. Every one of us is a part of highway traffic every day. Therefore it is important not only to know the rules by of it but also the rules and principles of the proceedings in which are transgressions against safety and smooth highway traffic heard. The aim of this thesis is to provide the complex summary of the proceedings for administrative transgressions against the safety and smooth highway traffic and to give notice of its unusualness from the basic proceedings for administrative transgressions. This thesis also points out the inaccuracies, wrongness and ambiguities of the proceedings' rules and also reflects and comments the latest amendments to relevant acts. The thesis is divided into nine chapters, from which the first and the last ones are introduction and conclusion. The second chapter clarifies the term administrative transgressions. The third chapter briefly describes the administrative transgressions against the safety and smooth of highway traffic and the interests safeguarded by them. The fourth chapter gives the overall summary of the administrative proceedings. The...

The presented thesis refers to the administrative transgressions against the safety and smooth traffic flow on highways. This is very actual topic currently, because everybody meets with these administrative transgressions in his life. The thesis is composed of seven chapters. The first chapter introduce us with the history of legislation in the period from the formation of the Czechoslovak republic in 1918 to the presence. The following chapter describes relevant legislation. This chapter contains general regulation of liability for transgressions, as well as discusses the constituent elements of transgressions and ends with characteristic of the constituent elements defined by the Law of highway traffic. In the third chapter, I focused on the comparison of transgressions and crimes. First I compared the general arrangement for liability for crimes and transgressions. Furthermore, I have listed which crimes could be committed in connection with the highway traffic, and then I looked on, in my opinion, mostly committed crimes. The fourth chapter deals with the sanctions that may be imposed for transgressions. The rules on penalties are prescribed by Law of transgressions; the specific amount of sanctions is set by the Law of highway traffic. The administrative transgressions against the safety and smooth...

This thesis deals with constructing engineering geological 1:1000 map of Dobkovičky landslide, collecting of reconstituted soil samples, their laboratory CIUP triaxial testing and subsequent modeling of wall stability of the landslide after the excavation of collapsed soil material. Mapping was done during spring of 2014. Outcome of this thesis is hand drawn map, plotted on the map are all the elements of the landslide including 38 documentation points. Legend of the maps is attached. Collection of reconstituted soil samples was done during drilling investigation, executed by company AZ Consult, spol.s.r.o., during summer of 2014. Three samples of all that were collected were subjected to laboratory CIUP triaxial testing. The result of the testing is critical friction angel, which was used during modeling of wall stability of the landslide after excavation of all collapsed soil material. For the actual modeling, PC software Plaxis 2D was used.

The population and economy in the State of Qatar have been increasing significantly in the past 10 years. Accordingly, traffic loading has also increased rapidly, which merits consideration of the design and construction of long-lasting pavement structures that require minimal maintenance. This study started with an investigation of the feasibility and performance of the current asphalt pavement materials and structures being used in the country. This investigation utilised the analysis approach implemented in the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (M-E PDG) software. The results evidenced how effective it is to replace the conventional unmodified 60-70 Pen bitumen with polymer-modified PG76-10 bitumen for pavements in Qatar and other countries in the region with similar climatic conditions. In addition, the results showed that the use of perpetual pavement structures is a viable option economically and that they are much more accommodating of increase in traffic loading, without causing excessive damage, than conventional pavement structures. The study also concentrated on the assessment of the long-term performance of different full-scale perpetual trial sections by conducting several field tests. The field performance evaluation results showed slightly low resistance to rutting, high IRI values, to some extent, and low stiffness during summertime when the temperature is high. These distresses and deteriorations are expected given the huge traffic loading and the big difference in temperature between seasons in Qatar. Then several field cores, field mixtures, and laboratory mixtures were tested and evaluated in order to assess the performance of different asphalt concrete mixtures against rutting, fracture, temperature susceptibility and fatigue damage. The conducted tests were useful to characterise and assess the performance of the mixtures against several major distresses. The results indicated that resistance of asphalt concrete mixtures to rutting was mainly affected by the bitumen grade, aggregate source and aggregate gradation. A well-designed mixture that uses polymer-modified bitumen (PMB) can achieve the high rut-resistance of asphalt mixtures either with Gabbro or limestone aggregates. The use of polymer-modified bitumen reduced the temperature and frequency susceptibility on the stiffness and rut-resistance. According to these results, it is obvious that rutting and cracking would not be major distresses for asphalt mixtures in Qatar if the mixtures were designed following a Superpave mix design with the appropriate content of polymer-modified bitumen. However, given the current mixture design system in Qatar, which utilises very low bitumen content, fatigue damage or cracking in general is a main distress, and its characterisation should be investigated in depth. The traditional methods to interpret fatigue tests data are not sufficient to characterise and evaluate mixtures against fatigue damage. Therefore, two advanced fatigue characterisation approaches were performed on the raw data obtained from the fatigue test of specimens prepared from different mixtures. The analysis of the fatigue tests focused on calculating the dissipated energy (DE) and obtaining damage characteristics curves following a comprehensive viscoelastic continuum damage (VECD) approach. The test results showed that the use of the VECD approach has major advantages over obtaining DE results only. However, the predicted fatigue life (Nf) for each asphalt mixture was affected by the uncertainty associated with fatigue tests as well as with model parameters. Therefore, it was important to develop a probabilistic analysis approach that accounts for the uncertainty and the variability associated with fatigue tests and analysis, respectively. To that end, a novel probabilistic analysis approach has been proposed in the last chapter of this study for predicting the performance of asphalt mixture against fatigue damage. The VECD characterisation approach was used in the development of this probabilistic analysis model. The random variables (RVs) of the fatigue life (VECD-Nf) model (|E*|LVE, a, b and α) were generated following normal distribution functions. However, it is suggested that more specimens should be tested in the future to specify the true distribution functions for the RVs. In conclusion, it is clear that the fatigue life results of the probabilistic analysis approach were much more consistent and reliable than those of the deterministic analysis approach. This probabilistic approach coupled with VECD results is very practical and useful for engineers and will be beneficial to predict fatigue cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures in the field.

M.Tech. (Engineering: Civil) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

<div>The practice of project bundling, which involves combining multiple projects into a single multi-project contract, is in increased use at infrastructure agencies. Researchers have shown that this practice potentially reduces project cost but could cause undesirable consequences such as reduced market competition. For this reason, bundling policy needs to be guided by a determination of whether specific projects should be bundled, the bundling strategy in terms of bundle size, bundling combinations, geographical locations, and project scheduling, and the resulting outcome of each strategy in the terms of contract performance (overall cost and time duration, and cost and time overrun). Practitioners seeking answers to these questions continue to be stymied by the lack of quantified relationships between bundling alternatives and the resulting contract performance.</div><div>This dissertation addresses these questions by analyzing empirical data including the costs and durations of highway contracts and projects over a ten-year period. Using a variety of modeling approaches, the dissertation developed models to quantify the effects of bundling-related factors on the key contract performance measures (CPMs). The bundling related factors are contract size, bundle size, project combinations, project similarity and spatial proximity between bundled projects, and the CPMs are project cost and time performance, market competition, and the risks of cost overrun and project delay. Through the modeling process, the dissertation measured the effects of project similarity, economies of scale, economies of bundling, and economies of competition on bundling, and developed a novel technique to measure similarities between projects. Using the developed models, the dissertation then established an optimization framework to identify cost-effective bundling strategies. A greedy approach that minimizes the overall cost in a polynomial time was proposed to obtain heuristic solutions. The outcomes of this dissertation are twofold: first, it provides highway agencies with a quick, convenient and robust tool to design long-term cost-effective bundling strategies for any given pool of candidate projects; secondly, it provides guidelines and directions for future bundling policy formulation or evaluation. </div>

<p>In the context of highway safety factors, road geometrics and pavement condition are of particular interest to highway managers as they fall within their direct control and therefore can be addressed through highway projects. In spite of the preponderance of econometric modeling in highway safety research, there still remain areas worthy of further investigation. These include 1) the lack of sufficient feedback to roadway preservation engineers regarding the impacts of road-surface condition on safety; 2) the inadequate feedback to roadway designers on optimal lane and shoulder width allocation; 3) the need for higher predictive capability and reliability of models that analyze roadway operations; and 4) the lack of realistic simulations to facilitate reliable safety impact studies regarding autonomous vehicles (AV). In an attempt to contribute to the existing knowledge in this domain and to throw more light on these issues, this dissertation proposes a novel framework for enhanced prediction of highway safety that incorporates machine learning and econometrics with optimization to evaluate and quantify the impacts of safety factors. In the traditional highway operating environment, the proposed framework is expected to help agencies improve their safety analysis. Using an Indiana crash dataset, this dissertation implements the framework, thereby 1) estimating the safety impacts of the road-surface condition with advanced econometric specifications, 2) optimizing space resource allocations across highway cross-sectional elements, and 3) predicting the fatality status of highway segments using machine learning algorithms. In addition, this dissertation discusses the opportunities and the expected safety impacts and benefits of AV in the emerging operating environment. The dissertation also presents a proposed deep learning-based autonomous driving simulation framework that addresses the limitations of AV testing and evaluation on in-service roads and test tracks.</p>

A aquaplanagem é um fenômeno que pode ocasionar riscos de acidentes em pistas rodoviárias e que consiste na perda de aderência entre os pneus de um veículo e a superfície do pavimento, em decorrência da presença de uma película de água com certa espessura que impede o contato entre ambos, situação essa que pode ser gerada em condições de precipitações pluviométricas de intensidades relativamente elevadas. De uma forma geral tal fenômeno é desconsiderado em normas, manuais e especificações para projetos rodoviários, tanto no Brasil como no Exterior. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo básico a proposição de um procedimento metodológico que permita a identificação de trechos de traçados rodoviários nos quais tal fenômeno possa ocorrer, seja na fase de elaboração de projetos, seja no processo de avaliação das condições de segurança de pistas existentes. O procedimento proposto foi estruturado com base na análise dos principais modelos de previsão de risco de aquaplanagem levantados durante a revisão bibliográfica, bem como em uma extensiva análise das principais variáveis que influenciam esse fenômeno. Com o propósito de avaliar a adequabilidade do procedimento proposto foi elaborado um estudo de caso considerando as características geométricas e dados pluviométricos relativos a determinada extensão do Trecho Leste do Rodoanel de São Paulo. Em tal estudo de caso foram apresentadas proposições de soluções alternativas de mitigação de risco para os trechos identificados como locais com possibilidade de ocorrência de aquaplanagem. / Hydroplaning is a phenomenon that can result in hazard risk on highways, its occurrence is defined by an absence of adherence between the tire and the pavement caused by the presence of a water film of a certain depth that hinder the contact between those surfaces, it\'s occurrence is related to high rainfall intensity situations. Usually highway design manuals, standards and criteria don\'t consider the occurrence of this phenomenon, in Brazil or abroad. The present work has the object of proposing a methodological procedure that allows for the identification of highway segments that are subject to hydroplaning, during its design or during the evaluation of its security conditions. The proposed procedure was based on the analysis of the hydroplaning prediction models studied during the bibliography review, as well as in an extensive analysis of the main variables influencing its occurrence. For the evaluation of the proposed procedure, a case study was conducted with the east portion of the \"Rodoanel Mario Covas\" geometric characteristics and pluviometry data. In this study some risk mitigation proposals were evaluated for the extensions on which were identified the possibility of hydroplaning occurrence.

Este trabalho apresenta um modelo para a verificação do trem-tipo de projeto de pontes e viadutos da norma brasileira a partir do tráfego real nas estradas. Inicialmente, apresenta-se a comparação da carga móvel da norma brasileira com o Eurocode e com as normas da AASHTO. Em seguida, apresenta-se o estado da arte no Brasil e no mundo em pesquisas na área de cargas móveis em pontes. Propõe-se um modelo de verificação do trem-tipo baseado em simulações das passagens e cargas de veículos, através do método de Monte Carlo. São utilizados dados de pesagem e de quantidades de veículos provenientes de uma rodovia concedida à iniciativa privada no interior paulista. São efetuadas análises de pontes celulares com diversos vãos, de 30 a 200 metros, sendo estudados os momentos fletores no meio do vão e forças cortantes adjacentes aos apoios, em obras isostáticas, e momentos fletores no apoio central de pontes contínuas de dois vãos. É dada maior ênfase às situações de congestionamento sobre a ponte, e são efetuadas extrapolações estatísticas para a obtenção dos esforços característicos, levando-se em conta as diferentes situações de tráfego possíveis. Por fim, é feita uma extensão ao estudo das grelhas, utilizando-se linhas de influência transversais em ponte com vão de 30 metros, sem transversinas intermediárias. / This work presents a model to verify the design traffic load model of the Brazilian code, based on real traffic at road bridges. First, it compares Brazilian load model with Eurocode 1 and AASHTO Standard and LRFD Specifications. Then, recent development and research on bridge traffic load models are presented, in Brazil and other countries. A verification model of the traffic load is proposed, based on quantity and weight vehicle simulations, using Monte Carlo method. Real traffic data of trucks, used in this work, have been collected at highways of Sao Paulo state. Box-girder bridges from 30 to 200 m spans are investigated, studying the bending moment at midspan and the shear forces near the supports, on simply supported bridges, and the bending moment at center support, on two-span continuous bridges. Traffic jam situations on the bridge are emphasyzed, and statistical extrapolations to the load effects carachteristic values are done. Finally, it presents an extension of this study to multi-beam cross sections, using transverse influence lines, in a 30 m span bridge, without transverse beams.

Neste trabalho é proposto um método de levantamento e sistematização de dados que são relevantes para a investigação da relação de acidentes em uma rodovia com algumas características físicas básicas como raio das curvas horizontais e verticais, declividade e comprimento de rampas. Para restituição da geometria é proposta a utilização do sistema GPS no modo cinemático, modo este que apresenta uma série de vantagens sobre os instrumentos clássicos de topografia. Com objetivo de definir os locais de início e fim das retas, rampas e curvas, tanto horizontais como verticais, foi elaborado um método baseado na derivada dos dados levantados com o GPS. O processo de separação proposto foi testado com dados coletados ao longo de 32 km de uma rodovia. Da mesma forma, o método foi validado com dados teóricos de exemplos simulados, dados do projeto executivo da mesma rodovia e com dados coletados com uma Estação Total em um trecho de 3 km. Todas as validações mostraram uma boa aderência do método com relação aos dados originais. Aos dados da geometria foram incorporados os dados de acidentes em um SIG utilizando software TRANSCAD 1 . Os dados de acidentes foram armazenados através de um programa em ACCESS desenvolvido por alunos de graduação da EESC. Com todas as informações disponíveis foi possível verificar que existe uma forte relação entre a geometria da rodovia e os acidentes envolvendo veículos de carga em trechos de baixa velocidade, onde colisão traseira e abalroamento lateral ocorrem quando o condutor não avalia corretamente a velocidade do veículo à sua frente devido a grande diferença de velocidades. / In this work, a surveying and systematization method of relevant data to investigate the relation between highway accidents and basic geometric characteristics of the road like horizontal and vertical curve radius, length and slope of ramps is proposed. For the geometric restitution, the kinematic GPS method is proposed as it shows several advantages over classical topography instruments. In order to define the beginning and end of tangents, ramps and both horizontal and vertical curves, a method based on the derivates of GPS data was developed. The proposed separation process was tested with data collected along a 32 km road section. Futhermore, the method was validated with theoretical simulation examples, data from an construction plans of this same highway section and data collected with a Total Station at a 3 km section. All validations showed good adherence of the method representing the original data. Accident data were incorporated to the geometry data in a GIS. In this process the software, TRANSCAD was chosen. The accident data were stored in an ACCESS database developed by EESC undergraduated students. With the data available, it was possible to verify that there is a strong relation of vertical geometry of the road and accident involving trucks at low speed sections, where rear end and lateral collision of overtaken trucks occur because the driver of the approaching vehicle evaluates the speed of the leading or overtaken vehicle incorrectly due to the large difference of speeds.