Title: Influence of horse breed and type of terrain on activation of the abdominal muscles in hippotherapy. Purposes: The aim of the study is to find out if horse breed and type of terrain approaches muscle activation in the position of unassisted sitting Methods: The study is of intraindividual character and incudes theoretical and practical part. The activation of abdominal muscles was measured by using surface electromyography and kinematic analysis. Results: There was differance between muscle activation with a different type of terrain. Horse breed does not influence a muscle activation but the individual biomechanic of each horse. Key words: hippotherapy, hipporehabilitation, horse breed, activation of abdominal muscles, unassisted seat, therapeutic horseback riding, electromyography

Title: Influence of horse breed and type of terrain on activation of the abdominal muscles in hippotherapy. Purposes: The aim of the study is to find out if horse breed and type of terrain approaches muscle activation in the position of unassisted sitting Methods: The study is of intraindividual character and incudes theoretical and practical part. The activation of abdominal muscles was measured by using surface electromyography and kinematic analysis. Results: There was differance between muscle activation with a different type of terrain. Horse breed does not influence a muscle activation but the individual biomechanic of each horse. Key words: hippotherapy, hipporehabilitation, horse breed, activation of abdominal muscles, unassisted seat, therapeutic horseback riding, electromyography

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-04-11T17:14:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseGOB.pdf: 2831285 bytes, checksum: cacb5bec1f7db77498788d440d426c1e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-04-19T20:09:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseGOB.pdf: 2831285 bytes, checksum: cacb5bec1f7db77498788d440d426c1e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-04-19T20:09:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseGOB.pdf: 2831285 bytes, checksum: cacb5bec1f7db77498788d440d426c1e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-19T20:14:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseGOB.pdf: 2831285 bytes, checksum: cacb5bec1f7db77498788d440d426c1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by inadequacies in social interaction, communication skills, learning and adaptability. The person with ASD should be exposed to conditions that stimulate its maximum development in order to promote the learning process in different contexts. In this sense, the hippotherapy can be an effective strategy in the child development process with ASD, since it favors different sensory systems. However, in order the learning process to become efficient, it is necessary to employ compensatory teaching strategies that provide access to information in order to provide effective opportunity to participate in the activity. The study aimed at analyzing the effectiveness of aid levels in the posture learning process in hippotherapy for children with ASD. As for the method, this study was single-subject design, type AB with replicas of designs with single subject; three children with ASD aged between four and nine years had participated in the study. Participants underwent hippotherapy intervention lasting four months, twice a week, corresponding to 31 individual sessions of hippotherapy. As data collection instrument was made anamnesis with the parents or guardians, the Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities, field diary and checklist. The checklist was based on 10 postures namely, mount, prone, side mount, inverted mount, inverted prone, standing in the stirrups, four supports, inverted four supports, kneeling and reversed kneeling. The data analysis on the progress of each participant was descriptive. Regarding the results, it was observed that all participants were able to perform the postures with verbal assistance at the late intervention, and the learning process mediated by the visualverbal, physical and verbal aids. The latter was predominant. We conclude that the aid was effective overall, once all participants have evolved compared to the baseline, they also respond more effectively to physical and verbal assistance to later the verbal one. Moreover, learning is favored by the association of various aids, as different sensory inputs were benefited; therefore, there is no universally more efficient method; each child has a peculiar way of relating to the world and hence to the learning processes. / O transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) caracteriza-se por inadequações na interação social, habilidade comunicativa, aprendizado e capacidade de adaptação. A pessoa com TEA deve ser exposta a condições que estimulem o seu máximo desenvolvimento, de modo a favorecer o processo de aprendizagem em diferentes contextos. Nessa direção, a equoterapia pode ser uma estratégia efetiva no processo de desenvolvimento da criança com TEA, uma vez que favorece diversos sistemas sensoriais. Contudo, para que o processo de aprendizagem torne-se eficiente, faz-se necessário empregar estratégias de ensino compensatórias que viabilizem o acesso à informação de forma a proporcionar efetiva oportunidade de participação na atividade. O estudo objetivou analisar a efetividade dos níveis de auxílio no processo de aprendizagem de posturas em equoterapia por crianças com TEA. Quanto ao método, o presente estudo foi de delineamento de sujeito único, do tipo AB, com réplicas em delineamentos com sujeito único. Participaram do estudo três crianças com TEA, com idades entre quatro e nove anos. Os participantes foram submetidos a intervenção equoterápica com duração de quatro meses, duas vezes na semana, o que correspondeu a 31 sessões individuais de equoterapia. Como instrumento de coleta de dados, foi realizada uma anamnese com os pais ou responsáveis, um protocolo de Avaliação de Habilidades Básicas de Aprendizagem (sigla em inglês: ABLA – Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities), um diário de campo e uma checklist. A lista de checagem foi baseada em 10 posturas, sendo elas: montaria, decúbito ventral, montaria lateral, montaria invertida, decúbito ventral invertido, em pé sobre os estribos, quatro apoios, quatro apoios invertido, ajoelhado e ajoelhado invertido. A análise dos dados a respeito da evolução de cada participante foi descritiva. Com relação aos resultados, observou-se que todos os participantes foram capazes de realizar as posturas com auxílio verbal ao final da intervenção, sendo o processo de aprendizagem mediado pelos auxílios visual-verbal e físico-verbal, este último foi predominante. Conclui-se que, de maneira geral, os auxílios foram efetivos, pois todos os participantes evoluíram quando comparados à linha de base, como também responderam com maior efetividade ao auxílio físico-verbal para, posteriormente, responderem ao verbal. Além disso, a aprendizagem foi favorecida com a associação dos diferentes auxílios, pois diferentes entradas sensoriais foram beneficiadas; portanto, não há um método universalmente mais eficiente, pois cada criança tem uma maneira peculiar de relacionar-se com o mundo e, consequentemente, com os processos de aprendizagem.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:46:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4975.pdf: 5708700 bytes, checksum: bcbcf6b5f6b104004a9e30b585e3607a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-26 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / The hippotherapy is a therapeutic and educational horse that uses an interdisciplinary approach in seeking the biopsychosocial development of people with special needs. Among the various types of special needs highlights the disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), children with this disorder characterized by a level of attention to inappropriate for their age, developmental disorder that causes motor, perceptual , cognitive and behavioral. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of a program of hippotherapy on the psychomotor development of children with ADHD indicative. Regarding the method, we developed an exploratory study of type experimental manipulation. Participants were five children aged between 7 and 10 years, coming from a city in the interior of São Paulo. In order to identify children with ADHD indicative of the scale was employed MTA SNAP-IV (ADHD rating scale for Swanson, Phelan and Nonam - version IV). Before and after the intervention period, study participants underwent an evaluation based Motor Development Scale (EDM). The intervention consisted of a program of education called equine therapy / rehabilitation, and was composed of 24 sessions, lasting 30 minutes, recorded systematically through filming and field diary. The results were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by the Wilcoxon paired test with p <0.05 in combination with a descriptive analysis of the evolution of the practitioners. Through the analysis of the results showed that the program influenced in all studied motor skills, and psychomotor aspects more influenced by hippotherapy program, according to the scale of motor development (EDM), were respectively spatial organization, balance, motor skills thin body schema, and the lowest was observed in the motor influence global and temporal organization. Since in the post-test, the motor age overall was statistically significant, it is concluded, in general, that the hippotherapy program was effective for the development of psychomotor aspects of children with ADHD indicative. / A equoterapia é um método terapêutico e educacional que utiliza o cavalo em uma abordagem interdisciplinar buscando o desenvolvimento biopsicossocial de pessoas com necessidades especiais. Entre os vários tipos de necessidades especiais destaca-se o transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH); crianças com esse transtorno caracterizam-se por um nível de atenção inadequado ao esperado para a idade, distúrbio do desenvolvimento que gera déficits motores, perceptivos, cognitivos e comportamentais. O objetivo do presente estudo é verificar o efeito de um programa de equoterapia sobre o desenvolvimento psicomotor de crianças com indicativos de TDAH. Com relação ao método, foi desenvolvido um estudo exploratório do tipo manipulação experimental. Participaram do estudo cinco crianças com idade entre 7 e 10 anos, procedentes de um município do interior de São Paulo. A fim de identificar crianças com indicativos de TDAH foi empregada a escala MTA SNAPIV (escala para avaliação do TDAH de Swanson, Nonam e Pelhan versão IV). Antes e após o período de intervenção os participantes da pesquisa foram submetidos a uma avaliação baseada na Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor (EDM). A intervenção foi constituída por um programa de equoterapia denominado educação/reeducação, tendo sido composta por 24 sessões, com duração de 30 minutos, registradas sistematicamente por meio de filmagens e diário de campo. Os resultados foram analisados de forma quantitativa e qualitativa por meio do teste de Wilcoxon Pareado com p<0,05 em associação a uma análise descritiva da evolução dos praticantes. Por meio da análise dos resultados observou-se que o programa influenciou em todas habilidades motoras estudadas, sendo que aspectos psicomotores mais influenciados pelo programa de equoterapia, de acordo com a escala de desenvolvimento motor (EDM), foram, respectivamente, organização espacial, equilíbrio, motricidade fina e esquema corporal, sendo que a menor influência foi verificada na motricidade global e organização temporal. Visto que no pós-teste a idade motora geral foi estatisticamente significante, conclui-se que, de forma geral, que o programa de equoterapia foi efetivo para o desenvolvimento dos aspectos psicomotores de crianças com indicativos de TDAH.

The aim of this study was to examine the use of animals in the therapy of neurotic disorders under the settings of mental hospitals. First part of this work desribes neurotic disorders and their therapy with a particular emphasis on AAT (Anima-Assisted-Therapy, pet therapy) and its subdivisions (hippotherapy, canistherapy, etc.) Principals of AAT are explained. Further, contraindications and possible risks are mentioned and the inherent possibility of animal misuse is discussed. The theses include basic guidelines and methods used in AAT and concludes with practical observations made by psychotherapists from the Czech mental hospitals.

Background: Evidence-based complementary treatment options for multiple sclerosis (MS) are limited. Objective: To investigate the effect of hippotherapy plus standard care versus standard care alone in MS patients. Methods: A total of 70 adults with MS were recruited in five German centers and randomly allocated to the intervention group (12 weeks of hippotherapy) or the control group. Primary outcome was the change in the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) after 12 weeks, and further outcome measures included fatigue, pain, quality of life, and spasticity. Results: Covariance analysis of the primary endpoint resulted in a mean difference in BBS change of 2.33 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03–4.63, p = 0.047) between intervention (n = 32) and control (n = 38) groups. Benefit on BBS was largest for the subgroup with an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ⩾ 5 (5.1, p = 0.001). Fatigue (−6.8, p = 0.02) and spasticity (−0.9, p = 0.03) improved in the intervention group. The mean difference in change between groups was 12.0 (p < 0.001) in physical health score and 14.4 (p < 0.001) in mental health score of Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQoL-54). Conclusion: Hippotherapy plus standard care, while below the threshold of a minimal clinically important difference, significantly improved balance and also fatigue, spasticity, and quality of life in MS patients.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Hästunderstödd terapi, HUT, är en sedan länge existerande vårdform för allehanda besvär. Evidensen för HUT som vårdverktyg har framtill nyligen dock varit svag, men allt fler studier har visat att HUT är en effektiv träningsform för balans och gångförmåga hos barn och ungdomar med CP-skador, förmågor som är tätt förknippade med människors livskvalitet. En diagnos som är lik CP och ofta ger liknande symtom är stroke. Trots likheterna mellan stroke och CP finns inte alls samma mängd evidens för effekten av HUT vid stroke som vid CP. Samtidigt råder det brist på effektiv strokerehabilitering i vissa delar av Sverige. Det är därför av intresse att utvärdera huruvida HUT kan vara ännu ett verktyg att använda vid just strokerehabilitering. Syfte: Att systematiskt granska forskningen och gradera evidensen för effekten av HUT på balans, gångförmåga och livskvalitet hos patienter som tidigare drabbats av en stroke. Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie av randomiserade kontrollerade studier Resultat: Åtta studier hittades och de visade en förbättrande effekt av HUT på de undersökta områdena. Fem av studierna var av tillräckligt hög kvalitet för att graderas via GRADEstud. Graderingen visade att evidensvärdet var mycket låg för effekt av HUT på gångförmåga, låg för effekt av HUT på livskvalitet, och måttligt hög för effekt av HUT på balans.  Konklusion: På grund av begränsat antal studier och begränsade mätmetoder i dem kan ingen fast slutats dras, mer forskning behövs för att svara på frågeställningarna. / Background: Horse-Assisted Therapy, HAT, has since a long time been used as a health-care-tool for an assorted group of problems. The evidence for HAT as a health-care-tool has until recently been weak, however an increasing number of studies has shown HAT to be an effective way to train balance and gait in children and youths with cerebral palsy, abilities that are closely linked to a persons quality of life. A diagnosis that is similar to CP and often gives similar symptoms is stroke. Despite the similarities between stroke and CP there is far less evidence for the effects of HAT on stroke than there is for that on CP. At the same time some parts of Sweden are lacking in0 ways to rehabilitation-train after a stroke, therefore it is of interest to evaluate whether HAT can be yet another tool to use in stroke-rehabilitation.  Purpose: To systematically review and evaluate the evidence for the effect of Horse-Assisted Therapy on balance, gait and quality of life in patients who earlier has suffered a stroke.  Result: Eight studies were found and showed that HAT has an enhancing effect on the examined values. Five studies were of high enough quality to be graded using GRADEstud. The evidence grading showed a very low evidence grade for the effect of HAT on gait, low for the effect on quality of life, and moderately high for the effect on balance.  Conclusion: Due to a limited number of studies, and limitations in the ways to measure the effect no conclusion can be drawn, more research is needed in order to answer the issues in question.

Contexte et problématique. Selon l’Association Canadienne d’Équitation Thérapeutique (ACET), l’équitation thérapeutique comprend toutes les activités équestres s’adressant à une clientèle présentant des déficiences. L’équitation thérapeutique compte plusieurs approches, notamment l’hippothérapie, une stratégie de réadaptation offerte par des ergothérapeutes, physiothérapeutes et orthophonistes. L’hippothérapie se base sur le mouvement tridimensionnel induit par le cheval lequel favorise l’amélioration de diverses fonctions neuromotrices notamment le tonus du tronc et de la tête, la posture debout et les ajustements posturaux. Bien que les approches d’équitation thérapeutique prennent de l’ampleur au Québec, il n’y a toujours aucune règlementation officielle. Il existe donc une confusion importante entre les différentes approches d’équitation thérapeutique et l’hippothérapie actuellement reconnue comme la seule approche médicale de réadaptation utilisant le cheval. Les clientèles présentant de lourdes déficiences neuro-musculo-squelettiques se voient donc régulièrement référées dans des centres qui n’offrent pas d’hippothérapie et sont confrontées à des risques importants. Objectifs. Modéliser les interventions d’équitation thérapeutique afin de rendre explicites les composantes de ces interventions et les liens qui les unissent ainsi qu’analyser la plausibilité des interventions à atteindre les résultats escomptés. Méthodologie. Les interventions d’équitation thérapeutique ont été modélisées par des entrevues réalisées auprès des principales personnes offrant des services d’équitation thérapeutique au Québec. Une revue de la littérature a été conduite sur les principes de réadaptation qui sous-tendent les interventions. L’ensemble des données recueillies ont été analysé selon une procédure habituelle d’analyse de contenu qualitatif. Résultats. Les modèles créés permettent d’améliorer les connaissances des pratiques d’équitation thérapeutiques et d’hippothérapie au Québec. Conséquences. Les modèles permettent d’entamer une réflexion sur la règlementation de ces pratiques au Québec et au Canada ainsi que de soutenir les processus de références dans les différents centres québécois. / Context and research question. According to the Canadian Therapeutic Riding Association, therapeutic riding regroups all equestrian activities offered to persons with disabilities. Therapeutic riding can be divided into different approaches, including hippotherapy, a rehabilitation strategy practiced by occupational therapists, physiotherapists and speech language specialists. Hippotherapy bases itself on the three dimensional movement created by the horse which favours the improvement of various neuromotor skills such as muscle tone of the trunk and head, standing posture and postural adjustments. Although therapeutic riding is gaining momentum in Quebec, official regulation still does not exist. As a consequence, much confusion exists between the different forms of therapeutic riding and hippotherapy (presently the only medically recognised rehabilitation therapy using horses). Clientele presenting with severe neuro-musculo-skeletal disabilities are often and regularly referred to centers not offering hippotherapy and are thus exposed to important risk. Objectives. To modelize therapeutic riding interventions in order to make the components and relationships of these interventions explicit. To also analyze the plausibility that these interventions will reach the set therapeutic goals. Methodology. Therapeutic riding techniques were modelized via interviews with the main therapists offering therapeutic riding services in Quebec. A literary review of the rehabilitation principles guiding these interventions was also conducted. Results. The created models helped improve the knowledge of therapeutic riding and hippotherapy practices in Quebec. Consequences. The models have allowed the conversation surrounding regulation of these practices in Quebec and Canada to begin as well as promoted the reference process to the various centers offering these services.

Contexte et problématique. Selon l’Association Canadienne d’Équitation Thérapeutique (ACET), l’équitation thérapeutique comprend toutes les activités équestres s’adressant à une clientèle présentant des déficiences. L’équitation thérapeutique compte plusieurs approches, notamment l’hippothérapie, une stratégie de réadaptation offerte par des ergothérapeutes, physiothérapeutes et orthophonistes. L’hippothérapie se base sur le mouvement tridimensionnel induit par le cheval lequel favorise l’amélioration de diverses fonctions neuromotrices notamment le tonus du tronc et de la tête, la posture debout et les ajustements posturaux. Bien que les approches d’équitation thérapeutique prennent de l’ampleur au Québec, il n’y a toujours aucune règlementation officielle. Il existe donc une confusion importante entre les différentes approches d’équitation thérapeutique et l’hippothérapie actuellement reconnue comme la seule approche médicale de réadaptation utilisant le cheval. Les clientèles présentant de lourdes déficiences neuro-musculo-squelettiques se voient donc régulièrement référées dans des centres qui n’offrent pas d’hippothérapie et sont confrontées à des risques importants. Objectifs. Modéliser les interventions d’équitation thérapeutique afin de rendre explicites les composantes de ces interventions et les liens qui les unissent ainsi qu’analyser la plausibilité des interventions à atteindre les résultats escomptés. Méthodologie. Les interventions d’équitation thérapeutique ont été modélisées par des entrevues réalisées auprès des principales personnes offrant des services d’équitation thérapeutique au Québec. Une revue de la littérature a été conduite sur les principes de réadaptation qui sous-tendent les interventions. L’ensemble des données recueillies ont été analysé selon une procédure habituelle d’analyse de contenu qualitatif. Résultats. Les modèles créés permettent d’améliorer les connaissances des pratiques d’équitation thérapeutiques et d’hippothérapie au Québec. Conséquences. Les modèles permettent d’entamer une réflexion sur la règlementation de ces pratiques au Québec et au Canada ainsi que de soutenir les processus de références dans les différents centres québécois. / Context and research question. According to the Canadian Therapeutic Riding Association, therapeutic riding regroups all equestrian activities offered to persons with disabilities. Therapeutic riding can be divided into different approaches, including hippotherapy, a rehabilitation strategy practiced by occupational therapists, physiotherapists and speech language specialists. Hippotherapy bases itself on the three dimensional movement created by the horse which favours the improvement of various neuromotor skills such as muscle tone of the trunk and head, standing posture and postural adjustments. Although therapeutic riding is gaining momentum in Quebec, official regulation still does not exist. As a consequence, much confusion exists between the different forms of therapeutic riding and hippotherapy (presently the only medically recognised rehabilitation therapy using horses). Clientele presenting with severe neuro-musculo-skeletal disabilities are often and regularly referred to centers not offering hippotherapy and are thus exposed to important risk. Objectives. To modelize therapeutic riding interventions in order to make the components and relationships of these interventions explicit. To also analyze the plausibility that these interventions will reach the set therapeutic goals. Methodology. Therapeutic riding techniques were modelized via interviews with the main therapists offering therapeutic riding services in Quebec. A literary review of the rehabilitation principles guiding these interventions was also conducted. Results. The created models helped improve the knowledge of therapeutic riding and hippotherapy practices in Quebec. Consequences. The models have allowed the conversation surrounding regulation of these practices in Quebec and Canada to begin as well as promoted the reference process to the various centers offering these services.