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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Studies on the Morphology and Biology of Cotton Rats (Sigmodon hispidus) from Northern Mexico to Southern Nebraska

Cleveland, Arthur Gordon 12 1900 (has links)
This investigation was designed to evaluate the need for retaining both Sigmodon hispidus texianus and Sigmodon hispidus berlandieri as subspecific designations. An attempt was made to demonstrate bioclimatic variation and reproductive seasonality in cotton rats. The validity of applying the results of isolated studies of cotton rat populations to the species as a whole was examined.
2

Análise comparativa da ecologia de Cnemidophorus ocellifer (Squamata: Teiidae) e Tropidurus hispidus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) em ambientes de Floresta Atlântica, Caatinga e Restinga do Nordeste brasileiro

Albuquerque, Ralph Lacerda de 31 July 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T14:55:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 688736 bytes, checksum: 174898ec13775cf825ce7ceb0054bb0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Variações ecológicas podem ser observadas ao longo da distribuição geográfica dos Squamata como consequência de diferentes pressões causadas por cada ambiente. Três populações de Tropidurus hispidus e Cnemidophorus ocellifer (em ambientes de Caatinga, restinga e Mata Atlântica) tiveram o uso de microhábitat, atividade, temperatura, dieta, dados morfométricos e reprodutivos comparados, a fim de testar a hipótese de que essas características respondem a variações ambientais, em vez de serem explicadas por fatores históricos. Foi observada diferença significativa entre o uso de microhábitat entre as populações. Cnemidophorus ocellifer foram mais encontrados em solos abertos ou associados a algum tipo de vegetação e os T. hispidus foram primariamente encontrados em microhábitats verticais (edificações e troncos de árvores). A única variação na atividade foi observada nos T. hispidus de floresta, que ficaram mais parados do que os demais após a aproximação do pesquisador. Todas as populações foram influenciadas significativamente pela temperatura do substrato e não foi observada diferença significativa nas temperaturas corpóreas entre populações. Em geral, a composição da dieta foi similar entre as populações de C. ocellifer, entretanto algumas diferenças foram encontradas nos principais itens alimentares, e foi praticamente idêntica entre T. hispidus que se alimentou principalmente de formigas e material vegetal. Os machos de T. hispidus foram maiores do que as fêmeas, e nas duas espécies apresentaram cabeças maiores do que as fêmeas, provavelmente como consequência de seleção sexual. Os C. ocellifer da Caatinga foram maiores do que as demais populações, provavelmente como consequência de maior disponibilidade de fontes de calor ao longo do ano. Não houve variação no tamanho da ninhada tendo C. ocellifer apresentado ninhadas de dois e os T. hispidus seis ovos em média. Tropidurus hispidus apresentou um gradiente no ciclo reprodutivo entre os ambientes, sendo completamente sazonal na Caatinga, contínuo com um pico na restinga e uniforme na floresta, evitando a época seca. Os C. ocellifer se reproduziram sazonalmente na região de tabuleiro (mata atlântica) e continuamente nos demais ambientes. Os resultados mostram que ambos os fatores ecológicos e históricos influenciam características ao longo da distribuição dessas espécies e de forma diferenciada sobre cada espécie.
3

Descrição Morfológica do Sistema Digestório do Tropidurus hispidus (Spix, 1825) / Morphological description of the Digestive System of the Tropidurus hispidus (Spix, 1825)

Pinto, Acacia Maria 20 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-05-16T12:00:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AcaciaMP_DISSERT.pdf: 2637847 bytes, checksum: 4bdf5f16cab4bc9c6bcc211cdda16ce6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-16T12:00:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AcaciaMP_DISSERT.pdf: 2637847 bytes, checksum: 4bdf5f16cab4bc9c6bcc211cdda16ce6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Reptiles are very important for the maintenance of the environment, being considered models for biological studies because they are easily observed, manipulated and captured. Tropidurus hispidus is the most abundant lizard species in caatinga and dry environments, being very common in Brazil. Their food habit consists mainly of invertebrates, however, they can ingest parts of vegetables. Due to their differentiated dietary habits and the lack of information related to the morphology of these animals, a study of the morphological characterization of the digestive tract of Tropidurus hispidus was proposed. Four animals of both sexes of the species Tropidurus hispidus from the Apodi-RN region were used. It is necessary an in-depth study to collect more data of this correlation, so that one has a better understanding of the digestive system of the Tropidurus hispidus. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to describe the morphological characterization of the digestive tract of Tropidurus hispidus. The animals were anesthetized and euthanized. The digestive tract was dissected, fixed in Metacarn and included in paraffin. Cuttings of 5 μm thickness were stained with H & E, Gomori trichrome, Mallory trichrome and alcian blue. The digestive system of Tropidurus hispidus has a tongue with cartilaginous structure both in its central part and in the lateral, the esophagus epithelium is the pseudostratified type ciliated with goblet cells, the stomach has presented the muscular layer is well developed both in the initial part Finally, the small intestine is longer than the large intestine, but layers that form the large intestine have characteristics similar to those of the small intestine. The liver had melanomagrophagous cells and the pancreas had no islets of Langerhans, all of these differences may be mainly related to the eating habits of these animals / Os répteis são muito importantes para a manuntenção do meio ambiente, sendo considerados modelos para estudos biológicos por serem facilmente observados, manuseados e capturados. Tropidurus hispidus é a espécie de lagarto mais abundante em regiões de caatingas e ambientes secos, sendo muito comum no Brasil. Seu hábito alimentar é constituído principalmente por invertebrados, no entanto, podem ingerir partes de vegetais. Devido ao seu hábito alimentar diferenciado e a carência de informações relacionadas à morfologia desses animais, foi proposto um estudo da caracterização morfológica do trato digestório do Tropidurus hispidus. Foram utilizados 4 animais de ambos os sexos da espécie Tropidurus hispidus da região de Apodi-RN. Faz-se necessário um estudo aprofundado para coletar mais dados desta correlação, para que se tenha um melhor entendimento do sistema digestório do Tropidurus hispidus. Portanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever a caracterização morfológica do trato digestório do Tropidurus hispidus. Os animais foram anestesiados e eutanaziados. O trato digestório foi dissecado, fixado em Metacarn e incluídos em parafina. Foram feitos cortes de 5 μm de espessura foram corados com H&E, tricromo de Gomori, tricromo de Mallory e azul de alcian. O sistema digestório do Tropidurus hispidus possui uma língua com estrutura cartilaginosa tanto na sua parte central como nas laterais, o epitélio do esôfago é do tipo pseudoestratificado ciliado com células caliciformes, o estômago apresentou a camada muscular é bem desenvolvida tanto na parte inicial como na parte final, o intestino delgado é mais longo que o intestino grosso, porém camadas que formam o intestino grosso têm características semelhantes às do intestino delgado. O fígado apresentou células melanomacrofagos e pâncreas não apresenta ilhotas de Langerhans, todas essas diferenças podem estar principalmente relacionado com o hábito alimentar desses animais / 2017-05-16
4

Caracterização das propriedades neuromorfológicas e proliferativas do telencéfalo do lagarto Tropidurus hispidus

Pimentel, Hugo de Carvalho 28 March 2014 (has links)
For the last twenty years, a large number of data has been provided in favor of the hypothesis of new neurons being generated throughout the entire lifespan of some groups of animals. This phenomenon is known as postnatal neurogenesis. However, the physiological relevance of the increase in the neuronal population of some brain areas is not yet clear. In this sense, reptiles seem to be useful models for the study of postnatal neurogenesis and neuronal regeneration. The tropical lizards Tropidurus hispidus were shown to be examples of that, since they form new neurons throughout their entire lifespan. However, data on neuroanatomy and neurogenesis of this species have not yet been fully provided. Therefore, the aims of this study were to characterize the neuroanatomy and neuromorphology, to study the distribution of zinc terminal areas, to verify the neuronal proliferation pattern of these lizards when under different temperatures and to describe proliferative areas and neuronal migration pathways of the T. hispidus telencephalon. We used the Nissl technique to characterize anatomy; Golgi impregnations to characterize neuronal morphology; Neo-Timm histochemistry to detect zinc terminals; Doublecortin (DCX) immunohistochemistry as a marker of neuronal proliferation; NeuN immunohistochemistry to detect mature neurons; Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) to detect glia; and 5-bromodioxiuridine (BrDU) to detect cellular divisions. Our results show that T. hispidus lizards have at least ten different neuronal types in their cortical areas: granular (uni-, bi- and multipolar), pyramidal (normal, inverted, open, bipyramidal and horizontal), spherical horizontal and fusiform. Furthermore, we verified that the zinc-positive regions were in cortical areas, septum, striatum and amygdaloid complex. BrDU immunohistochemistry showed that in lizards maintained in warm temperatures (28oC), new cells were evenly distributed in the ventricle walls and in the nervous parenchyma. In cold temperatures (16oC), new cells concentrated near ventricle walls. The number of new cells, however, was not different between groups. This suggested that temperature changes may impair migration but not formation of new cells. DCX immunohistochemistry showed that there are four main neurogenic foci in T. hispidus: lateral, septomedial, ventral and terminal sulci. We further observed the existence of four patterns of neuronal migration: radial, rostraltangential (similar to the mammalian rostral migratory stream), caudal-tangential and commissural. Therefore, these data seem to support the hypothesis that the Tropiduridae family is important to understanding mechanisms of postnatal neurogenesis, and is useful to future studies on comparative neurobiology. / Nos últimos vinte anos, um grande número de evidências vem se acumulando em favor da hipótese de que novos neurônios são gerados durante toda a vida de alguns grupos de animais vertebrados. Este fenômeno é conhecido como neurogênese pós-natal. Todavia, ainda não está claro o significado fisiológico do aumento da população neuronal em diferentes áreas cerebrais. Os répteis parecem constituir uma classe de animais favoráveis para o estudo de neurogênese pós-natal e regeneração neuronal. A espécie de lagarto tropical Tropidurus hispidus é um exemplo disso, uma vez que apresenta formação de novos neurônios durante toda sua vida, por outro lado, as informações a cerca dos padrões neuroanatômicos e de neurogênese dessa espécie ainda não estão totalmente elucidados. Dessa forma, objetivou-se inicialmente realizar a caracterização neuroanatômica e neuromorfológica do telencéfalo do lagarto T. hispidus como também estudar a distribuição das áreas ricas em terminais de zinco. Além disso, verificar o padrão de proliferação neuronal quando submetidos a alterações térmicas e também descrever as áreas proliferativas e as vias de migração neuronal no telencéfalo desses animais. Para o estudo foram utilizadas as técnicas histoquímica de coloração de Nissl com a finalidade de caracterizar as áreas anatômicas; coloração de Golgi para caracterização neuromorfológica dos neurônios presentes no córtex cerebral; histoquímica de Neo-Timm a fim de detectar os terminais de zinco; imunohistoquímica para Doublecortina (DCX), como marcador de proliferação neuronal; imunohistoquímica para neurônios maduros (NeuN); proteína presente em glia radial (GFAP) e o marcador de divisão celular 5-Bromodioxiuridina (5-BrDU). A partir da análise dos dados foi possível verificar que o lagarto T. hispidus apresenta dez diferentes tipos de neurônios distribuídos em suas três áreas corticais, são eles: o granular (unipolar, bipolar e multipolar), piramidal (normal, invertido, aberto, bipiramidal e horizontal), horizontal esférico e fusiforme, além disso, verificou-se que as regiões zinco positivas encontravam-se em áreas corticais, septum, estriado e no complexo amidaloide. Os resultados obtidos com a marcação de imunohistoquímica para BrdU permitiu concluir que animais mantidos a temperatura natural (média de 28 ºC) apresentavam núcleos positivamente marcados tanto na parede do ventrículo como também distribuídos pelo parênquima nervoso. No entanto, aqueles animais mantidos a uma temperatura média de 16 ºC, esses núcleos positivamente marcados encontravam-se próximo ao ventrículo. Analisando o número de células positivamente marcadas por BrdU, em ambas temperaturas, verificou-se que não havia diferença estatisticamente significante, sugerindo que mudanças de temperatura podem alterar a mig ração de novos neurônios, mas possivelmente não altera a formação dessas novas células. Testes imunohistoquímicos com DCX demonstraram a existência em T. hispidus de quatro principais regiões produtoras de novos neurônios, são elas: sulcos laterais, septomediais, ventrais e terminais. Observou-se também a existência de quatro tipos de migração neuronal, a radial, tangencial rostral (semelhante a migração rostral de mamíferos), a tangencial caudal e a comissural. Portanto, esses dados parecem sustentar a hipótese de que a família Tropiduridae parece ser importante para entender os mecanismos de neurogênese pós-natal e ser útil para estudos futuros de neurobiologia comparada.
5

Tipos celulares no córtex medial do lagarto Tropidurus hispidus

Almeida, Fabríco Tavares Cunha de 30 March 2007 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this study was to characterize the ependymal cells and neural population in the Tropidurus hispidus medial cortex. It s well known nowadays that the nervous system isn t so constant the way was believed and detains morphological and functional properties that was influenced by environmental, sexual, age alterations and origin of the lesion like others. There s a vast literature about studies of amphibians, birds, reptiles even mammals brains, but one of the major difficulties found in the nervous system s plasticity research area is the appropriated experimental model. The medial cortex of Tropidurus hispidus specimens was studied by several techniques as TIMM, Nissl, immunostainings to BrDU, GABA, EC40, by Lectin and mainly the Golgi method. The test results showed the existence of 17 neuronal types in the T. hispidus medial cortex, with the major prevalence of the unipolar granular neuron, showed 12 ependymal cells, showed the positive reactivity to the GABA, BrDU and EC40 immunostainings too, the two lasts shows a post-natal neurogenic activity in the cortical region of this animal. Also was positive reactivity to the Lectin utilization in the microglia visualization. With the analysis of all this aspects, the study in the Tropidurus hispidus medial cortex showed a structural complexity as other characteristics that turn this animal a viable experimental model to the neurogenic processes studies. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a população neural e de células ependimárias no córtex medial do lagarto Tropidurus hispidus. Sabe-se atualmente que o sistema nervoso não é tão constante como se pensava e que detêm propriedades morfológicas e funcionais que são influenciadas por alterações ambientais, sexuais, etárias, da natureza da lesão dentre outras. Toda essa problemática vem sendo analisada tendo como base a regeneração do sistema nervoso. Há vasta literatura sobre estudo dos cérebros desde anfíbios, aves répteis até mamíferos e mesmo humanos, mas uma das maiores dificuldades para a pesquisa na área de plasticidade do sistema nervoso é um modelo experimental adequado. Para isto, no presente estudo o córtex medial dos espécimes de Tropidurus hispidus foi estudado por diversas técnicas como TIMM, Nissl, imunohistoquímicas para BrDU, GABA, EC40, pela Lectina e principalmente pelo método de Golgi. Os resultados dos testes demonstraram a existência de 17 tipos de neurônios no córtex medial do cérebro do T. hispidus, sendo que o tipo de maior prevalência foi o do neurônio granular unipolar, o teste de Golgi também mostrou 12 tipos de ependimócitos, verificando-se reatividade positiva à imunohistoquímica para GABA, para BrDU e para EC40, esses dois últimos demonstraram uma atividade neurogênica pós-natal na região cortical desse animal. Também houve uma reatividade positiva à utilização da Lectina na visualização da micróglia. Haja vista aos aspectos analisados, o estudo no córtex medial do T. hispidus denotou uma complexidade estrutural bem como características que o tornam um modelo experimental viável para os estudos dos processos neurogênicos.
6

Effects of Changes in the Everglades on Two Indicator Species: Sigmodon Hispidus and Oryzomys Palustris

Fernandes, Miguel V 21 July 2011 (has links)
The Everglades, a wetland ecosystem unique to southern Florida has been degraded by the loss of nearly half of its area to urban and agricultural development as well as by alterations to Florida’s hydrology. Modifications to the flow of water to the Everglades have altered the remaining portion of the Everglades. Most prominent among these changes in the remaining Everglades is the loss of tree islands with a disproportionately greater loss of larger tree islands. Despite their significance as “keystone habitats”, our understanding of how changes to Everglades tree islands will affect fauna is poor. In the work presented, 16 study tree islands of Rock Reef Pass, Everglades National Park, Homestead, FL, were classified into three size classes (large, medium and small) and used animal capture histories collected between February 1994 and December 2005 to investigate the relationship between tree island size classes and indirect indicators of adult female hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) and marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) fitness and reproduction. Adult female S. hispidus and O. palustris body weights were used as an indicator of adult female fitness and compared among tree island size classes. The proportions of reproductively active females, the proportions of captures of individuals in the juvenile age class and the number of juveniles per female were used as indirect indicators of female reproduction and compared among island size classes. Animal capture histories were also used to perform multi-state mark-recapture analyses, where sates were defined as three island size classes, to draw inferences about state-specific rates of survival and state transition probabilities for Oryzomys palustris and Sigmodon hispidus as a function of the most salient features of the Everglades ecosystem, namely, its tree islands and its seasonal wet and dry periods. Specifically, Akaike’s, information criterion (AIC) was used to make inferences about factors influencing survival and transition probabilities by comparing the relative fit among models where survival and transition rates are described as functions of tree island size classes and as a function of environmental variables that distinguish seasonal periods (monthly water levels, total monthly rainfall, mean air temperature, days dry, days inundated). The probabilities of individuals remaining within the same island size class were interpreted as an indirect indicator of size-class specific tree island use. Results indicated that greater proportions of S. hispidus adult females were reproductively active and had higher fitness on larger islands than females on smaller islands. The body weights of S. hispidus adult females, the proportions of individuals in the juvenile age class and the number of juveniles per female, were positively correlated with tree island area while the proportions of reproductively active S. hispidus females were not. When compared among tree island size classes, S. hispidus females recaptured on the same large island weighed more than females recaptured on the same and medium or small island suggesting that females with greater fitness are found on larger tree islands. The proportions of reproductively active S. hispidus females and of individuals in the juvenile age class were greater on larger tree islands than on smaller islands, although the number of juveniles per females did not differ among tree islands. The results also indicated that differences in the fitness and reproductive condition of O. palustris females are not as distinct among females on different size tree islands. The body weights O. palustris adult females, the proportions of juveniles and the number of juveniles per female were not correlated with island area, while the proportions of reproductively active females were negatively correlated with tree island area. The body weights of O. palustris adult females recaptured on the same large tree island were higher than those of females on smaller islands while the proportions of females that were reproductively active and the proportions of captures of juveniles were higher on small islands than on large islands. Mark-recapture analysis provided evidence that overall, Sigmodon hispidus survival rates were higher on larger islands than on smaller islands. Evidence was not found that Oryzomys palustris survival rates differed among size classes, perhaps due to the limited spatial scale of this study relative to the spatial sale of O. palustris habitat use. Both species’ survival probabilities differed between seasons with Oryzomys palustris having higher survivorship during wet seasons and Sigmodon hispidus during the dry season. Both Oryzomys palustris and Sigmodon hispidus were more likely to remain on large island than on smaller islands.
7

Rectal Temperatures of the Cotton Rat, Sigmodon Hispidus (Rodentia : Cricetidae)

Cleveland, Arthur G. 08 1900 (has links)
This investigation has been concerned with determining the extent to which a small mammal, the cotton rat, may become acclimated to environmental temperatures, and the influence acclimation has upon a population. The study was also designed to determine if acclimation effects on a population can be seen in individual rats.
8

Rational design of human metapneumovirus live attenuated vaccine candidates by inhibiting viral messenger RNA cap methyltransferase

Zhang, Yu 21 May 2014 (has links)
No description available.
9

Small Mammal Survey of John U. Lloyd Beach State Park, Dania Beach, Florida.

Goldman, Ryan A. 01 May 2013 (has links)
Urban development and human encroachment on the natural habitats along the coastline of Florida combined with invasive exotic pressures have resulted in the fragmentation and degradation of habitat quality within Broward County. Native habitats have been significantly altered and fragmented to a fraction their previous size. With loss of habitat area and quality, isolation of breeding populations and anthropogenic pressures, it is important to determine species composition and habitat utilization in order to conserve the remaining biological diversity. It was the intent of this study to determine the small mammal species’ population structure and habitat utilization by season in the four sampled habitats. Previously undocumented species and/or extralimital populations were predicted prior to sampling. John U. Lloyd Beach State Park in Dania Beach, Florida is an understudied location for small mammals. This study surveyed four terrestrial habitats for small mammal species using live trapping and mark/recapture techniques. Data were collected monthly over the span of thirteen months to determine habitat use from maritime hammock, mangrove swamp, coastal dune and ruderal habitat types to determine species composition and mass of individual captures and recaptures. Trapping (3749 trap nights) produced twenty-four captures (including recaptures) in two of the four habitat types: maritime hammock and coastal strand. No animals were captured in the mangrove swamp or ruderal habitats, both of which were dominated by invasive Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia) monocultures. Post study, a large habitat restoration project restored the habitats impacted by invasive exotic flora. This survey serves as a baseline for small mammals in the park, documenting the pre-restoration habitat use and species composition. Future study to determine changes in species composition post-restoration is recommended.

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