L'activité d'Eudoxe de Cnide, savant grec du IVe siècle av. n. è., s'est déployée dans de nombreux domaines incluant la philosophie, les mathématiques, l'astronomie, la géographie, la médecine, la législation et l'astrologie. La présente thèse de doctorat consiste en une édition traduite et commentée des fragments et témoignages relatifs à Eudoxe. Elle réunit quelque 800 passages de textes antiques et byzantins faisant référence à Eudoxe. Elle inclut notamment des textes inédits et des conjectures nouvelles. L'édition est accompagnée de la première traduction en langue moderne de tous les fragments et témoignages antiques relatifs à Eudoxe. Le commentaire donné en notes de bas de page éclaire les difficultés d'interprétation et s'attache à déterminer la valeur des différentes sources pour la reconstruction de l'œuvre d'Eudoxe. La notice qui précède l'édition traduite et commentée contient un exposé synthétique de l'activité intellectuelle d'Eudoxe, qui restitue sa profondeur et sa cohérence dans l'ensemble des domaines où elle s'est déployée, tout en la replaçant dans son contexte historique et culturel. / Eudoxus of Cnidus, a Greek scholar from the 4th century BCE, was active in a wide range of fields including philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, geography, medicine, legislation and astrology. This doctoral thesis consists of an edition, translation and commentary of the fragments and testimonia concerning Eudoxus. It brings together some 800 passages from ancient and Byzantine texts dealing with Eudoxus. In particular, it includes unpublished texts and new conjectures. The edition is comes with the first modern-language translation of all ancient fragments ant testimonia concerning Eudoxus. The commentary provided in the footnotes sheds light on problems of interpretation and endeavours to determine the value of the various sources for reconstructing Eudoxus' work. The introduction preceding the edition, translation and commentary contains a synthetic account of Eudoxus' intellectual activity which reconstitutes its depth and consistency in all of the fields in which it took place, and puts it back in its historical and cultural context.

Orientador: Fernando Bastos / Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal investigar e analisar o processo de inserção da Astronomia no contexto educacional e científico paraense, discutindo suas características e sua trajetória nos currículos formais das instituições de ensino superior do Pará no período de 1918 a 1967, tendo como principais instituições de análise a Escola de Agronomia e Veterinária e a Escola de Engenharia. Para isso, a pesquisa assumiu caráter qualitativo e se desenvolveu a partir do levantamento documental de fontes primárias e secundárias tais como currículo de cursos, programas de disciplina, provas e documentos avaliativos, atas e relatórios institucionais, dentre outros, obtidos em arquivos públicos e pessoais. A perspectiva historiográfica adotada se fundamenta em referenciais teóricos da História da Ciência e da produção Historiográfica que consideram a ciência como uma atividade essencialmente humana, produto da interação social e cultural associada às condições materiais de produção do contexto social tais como fatores políticos, econômicos, filosóficos, os quais se entrelaçam numa complexa rede de relações por vezes assimétricas e pautadas por relações de poder que regulam e determinam os rumos da sociedade. Para complementar a análise historiográfica, foram utilizados elementos da Análise do Discurso da escola francesa no intuito de evidenciar informações sobre a ciência e a astronomia nos discursos oficiais de personagens envolvidos na trama histórica. A partir de todo esse... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research had as main objective to investigate and analyze the insertion of Astronomy in the educational and scientific context of the state of Pará, discussing its characteristics and its trajectory in the curricula of higher education institutions in the period from 1918 to 1967, having as main institutions of analysis the School of Agronomy and Veterinary and the School of Engineering. For this, the research assumed a qualitative character and was developed from the documentary survey of primary and secondary sources such as course curriculum, discipline programs, tests and evaluative documents, minutes and institutional reports, among others, obtained from public and personal files. The historiographical perspective adopted is based on references from the History of Science and Historiographical production that consider science as an essentially human activity, a product of social and cultural interaction associated with the material conditions of production of the social context such as political, economic, philosophical factors, which are intertwined in a complex network of relations, sometimes asymmetrical and guided by power relations that regulate and determine the direction of society. To complement the historiographical analysis, elements of the Discourse Analysis of the French school were used in order to highlight information about science and astronomy in the official speeches of characters involved in the historical scenario. From all this path, it was poss... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

The work deals with distance measuring in space. The first part is about evolution of space arrangement and dimension imaginations from ancient times until the 20th century. Also Aristarchos´ heliocentric model of the solar system is described in detail, including his quantitative estimates of the Moon and Sun distances and dimensions. Hipparchos´ and Ptolemaios´ geometric models are described in detail too. Great attention is given to a genesis of heliocentric theory of Nicolaus Copernicus. The second part deals with contemporary methods of distance measuring. The work proceeds systematically from distances in the solar system to distances between stars as far as to distances between galaxies and quasars. It was necessary to write also about physical principles because distance measuring is based on them. The part of the work is a large pictorial supplement with text comments.

En 1638, paraît en Angleterre un ouvrage de John Wilkins (1614 - 1672), traitant de la pluralité des Mondes et plus précisément de la découverte d’un nouveau Monde : la Lune. Grâce à une argumentation dialectique, l’auteur tente de montrer la similarité entre la Terre et notre satellite. Il s’appuie pour cela sur le modèle copernicien et sur les observations astronomiques de Galilée. De cette similarité, en résulte, selon lui, l’idée que la Lune est peut-être habitée comme la Terre, par des êtres qu’il nomme Sélénites. Il ajoute qu’il serait possible de s’y rendre, et de commercer avec les habitants. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier la place des sciences du vivant dans les théories sur la pluralité des Mondes, principalement dans l’œuvre de John Wilkins, et les différentes implications littéraires, théologiques et philosophiques qui en découlent. / In 1638, a book is published in England by John Wilkins (1614-1672), dealing with the plurality of Worlds, and more specifically the discovery of a New World: the Moon. With a dialectical reasoning, the author tries to show the similarities between the Earth and the Moon. For this he uses the Copernican model and astronomical observations of Galileo. From these similarities, Wilkins suggests the idea that the moon could be harboring living beings like Earth and then conjecture on the nature of its inhabitants, the Selenites. He writes that it may be possible one day to reach the Moon and trade with its inhabitants. The purpose of our work is to study the living in the discourse on the plurality of worlds, and observe its place in the work of Wilkins.