Atkinson's virtual self-preparation for Cambridge is described and discussed, noting the importance of respons-· ible patronage. His objective was university study, a Fellowship, and the Bar, leading to public life. Cambridge's social and academic scene is viewed in the light of Atkinson's 1825 account of his experience, attention being directed to its 'alternative society', and the major change in Mathematics associated with the Analytical Society, betweeen 1817 and 1821, in which year he was Senior Wrangler. Note is taken of criticism, also published in 1825, by Cowling, Senior Wrangler in 1824. Particular consideration is given to Atkinson's assessment of what an University ought to offer, and his claims as to Cambridge's failure; to his not getting a Fellowship, and consequent difficulties when reading for the Bar. His Letters to Huskisson, 1826, are interpreted as a vain bid for the attention of the shipping interest, whose patronage might further his entry to 'the arena of public life'. He expounded the likely effects of repeal of the Navigation Acts, particularly in the light of his recent visit to America. Called to the Bar in 1827, he devoted his life thereafter to the Law, as conveyancer and equity draftsman, but, especially, as author of legal books for practitioners. His earliest work, 1829, was intended to caution the Real Property Commission, set up under Benthamite influence. His last, 1853, surveyed and offered solutions to some problems of the Profession in mid-century, especially those deriving from the 1846 Act, reviving the County Courts, and of which, unlike most of the Bar, he had been a supporter. Here, He. drew again on what he had found in Canada and the United States during an extended visit in 1836.

Submitted by Antonio Oliveira (antoniojose@facc.ufrj.br) on 2018-01-26T18:58:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) A casa de Minerva - entre a ilha e o palácio.pdf: 8548207 bytes, checksum: 76823524c28afd1540bc14e91436f100 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-26T18:58:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) A casa de Minerva - entre a ilha e o palácio.pdf: 8548207 bytes, checksum: 76823524c28afd1540bc14e91436f100 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-08 / Reflexão sobre o processo de estruturação da instituição universitária no Brasil, inserido num projeto de construção da nacionalidade brasileira, valendo-se de referenciais teóricos dos campos da História da Educação, Ciências Sociais, Memória Social e Linguagem. Parte-se do princípio de que a construção de uma pesquisa se faz mediante a ampliação do conceito de documentos, já que estes também são monumentos e, desta forma, são suscetíveis a subjetividades e intencionalidades por vezes não expressas verbal e claramente em sua produção, conservação, perpetuação e divulgação, sobretudo quando se trata de documentos oficiais das instituições. Considera-se, ainda, que os discursos institucionais ou dispositivos legais nem sempre explicitam divergências e contradições em confronto e evocam (quando não perpetuam) a memória de determinados grupos num contexto sóciohistórico específico. Concebe-se o discurso, como expresso em sua materialidade, como “palavra em movimento” e, desse modo, há que se compreender também a forma como significa, produzindo sentidos. A palavra reveste-se de um sentido ideológico a depender do contexto sóciohistórico em que é proferida e liga-se diretamente às experiências de vida de indivíduos ou grupos. Por sua vez, todo discurso expressa e produz sentidos e, mais do que somente expressar um “puro pensamento”, configura-se como consequência e fonte de relações ideológicas. Por isso torna-se imprescindível perceber, em toda pesquisa, quem são os sujeitos envolvidos bem como o contexto no qual se inscrevem as formações discursivas que conformam os discursos. Ao retomar os documentos, confrontá-los entre si, à luz de indagações empreendidas na contemporaneidade, construindo novos sentidos e redes de significados para os eventos pretéritos, espera-se articular aqui os campos da história e da memória numa perspectiva transdisciplinar. Por intermédio da Análise de Discurso da vertente francesa e das reflexões empreendidas por Mikhail Bakhtin e seu Círculo, pretende-se conferir aos registros documentais novas perguntas, já que as maneiras de expressão e registros não são inocentes e despidas das ideologias dos sujeitos. Para além de sua aparente neutralidade, revelam estruturas mentais, maneiras de perceber e organizar a realidade, por meio das redes de memórias sociais produzidas a partir de formas específicas de lembranças – e esquecimentos - e de atribuição de sentidos. Valendo-se das associações entre os discursos oficiais de Estado, os enunciados dos sujeitos e os documentos institucionais, procura-se entender a Universidade do Brasil como um modelo específico de instituição universitária coincidente ao projeto nacional-desenvolvimentista característico da centralização política do período Vargas. Sua existência, nesse sentido, implicava a supressão de modelos alternativos de outras instituições universitárias, alimentados por filiações ideológicas conflitantes ao modelo estadonovista. Dessa forma, sofreu constante interferência à sua pretensa autonomia institucional e teve, em seu interior, constantes embates entre grupos que se opuseram historicamente aos rumos de sua trajetória e construção identitária. Nesse sentido, parte-se do princípio de que a problemática discursiva sobre os locais a sediar a universidade configura-se como metáfora de uma discursividade que atravessava uma problemática maior: seu projeto pedagógico que lhe conferiria uma identidade institucional. Metáfora aqui entendida, não apenas como figura de linguagem, mas como transferência que estabelece novos modos de significações para os discursos. / Examines the structuring process of the university education in Brazil, inserted in a nationality construction project, drawing on theoretical frameworks from the fields of History of Education, Social Sciences, Social Memory and Language. We start out from the principle that the construction of a piece of research is done by expanding the concept of what documents are, insofar as these are also monuments and are, thus, susceptible to subjectivities and intentionalities which are sometimes not verbally and clearly expressed in their production, conservation, perpetuation and dissemination, especially when one is dealing with official documents from institutions. We also believe that institutional discourse or legal provisions sometimes fail to explain clashing discrepancies and contradictions, and evoke, if not perpetuate, the memory of certain groups in a specific social-historical context. We conceive discourse, expressed in its materiality, as “words in movement” and thus it is also crucial to understand the way it produces different meanings. Words bear an ideological meaning depending on the socio-historical context in which they are uttered and they are directly linked to the life experiences of individuals or groups. In turn, all discourse expresses and produces meanings and, over and above expressing a “pure thought”, it appears as a consequence and a source of ideological relations. Therefore, it is of paramount importance that, in all research, one correctly identifies the subjects as well as the context in which the discoursive formations appear. When we examine documents, comparing them in the light of contemporary investigation, building new meanings and new networks of meaning for past events, we hope to relate the fields of history and meaning from a transdiciplinary perspective. Through French Discourse Analysis as well as the theoretical framework of Mikhail Bakthtin's and his Circle, we intend to pose new questions about the document archives, since the ways of expression and recording are not innocent or devoid of the subjects' ideologies. Beyond their apparent neutrality, words reveal mental structures, ways of perceiving and organizing reality, through memory networks produced from specific memories – and lapses of memory – and attributions of meanings. Using associations between the State’s official discourse, subjects’ utterances and institutional documents, we try to understand the University of Brazil as a specific model of university institution which coincides with the national developmental project, typical of Vargas's policy of political centralization. Its existence, in this sense, implied the obliteration of alternative models from other universities, which were fuelled by ideological affiliations that conflicted with Vargas's New State model. In this way, there was constant interference with its so-called institutional autonomy and it showed constant internal struggles by groups which were historically opposed to its objectives and its identity construction. In this sense, we start off from the principle that the discourse employed to discuss the possible locations of the university can be seen as a metaphor within a specific discourse pattern which presented a more serious conflict: the university’s pedagogical project, which would ultimately give it an institutional identity. Metaphor is here understood not only as a figure of speech but also as a transfer process that establishes new meanings for discourse.

I do through this thesis aim to reflect upon the reasonableness to why one should write a thesis. I do this by sharing with you four different parts. The first part is that of foragers and our common human heritage. The second one is set in the middle ages and the foundation of universities. In the third part the modern research university is examined whilst the fourth part aims to provide a sensible understanding of today. I do look at the reasonableness to undergo the work for a thesis in all of these parts whilst proposing an idea concerning human confusion and our need for belonging which leads us to believe in an imperative prerogative (IP) which may be said to be the context in which we find ourselves.The IP would further dictate what knowledge is and is not, which would highly relate to the reasonableness of conducting a thesis. In an IP there are various stories, and one of them is that of education and writing a thesis. I ask of you as a reader to reflect upon and view our current higher educational system in a historical perspective. I, thus, aim not to provide you with innovative new knowledge in business but rather to reflect upon our current educational system in our society, which I would argue, is taken over by the businesses and its rules and norms.

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Die Ausgangsüberlegung der Dissertationsschrift: Wenn sich die HU-Geschichtswissenschaft nach 1945 als "materialistischer Historismus" beschreiben ließe, dann widerspräche dies den beiden gängigen Erklärungsmustern. Denn eine historistische Wissenschaft wäre, erstens, weder eine reine "Legitimationswissenschaft" (Kowalczuk), da die historistische Methodizität insbesondere der Quellenarbeit sowie das typische Selbstverständnis als 'Forschung' (Offenheit, Arbeitsteilung, kumulativer Prozess) der politischen Instrumentalisierung der Historiographie entgegen stünden. Zweitens widerspräche der Idealtypus eines 'materialistischen Historismus' dem Konzept der DDR-Geschichtswissenschaft als grundsätzlich anderem, nämlich sozialistischen Typ Geschichtswissenschaft: der von Martin Sabrow sog. "historischen Normalwissenschaft" mit eigener Fachlichkeit. Denn die Elemente des "Historismus", die die DDR-Geschichtswissenschaft bewahrte, würden große Ähnlichkeiten mit der traditionellen sowie der westdeutschen Geschichtswissenschaft erzeugen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die „konstitutive Widersprüchlichkeit“ der DDR-Gesellschaft. Einige Vertreter der HU-Geschichtswissenschaft bewahrten bewusst Elemente des Historismus, was insbesondere anhand der mediävistischen Forschungen Eckhardt Müller-Mertens offenkundig wird. Dagegen suchte z. B. Joachim Streisand die DDR historisch zu legitimieren und arbeitete darüber hinaus intensiv dem Ministerium für Staatssicherheit zu. Jedenfalls scheinen die Resulate der Arbeit der These einer in sich geschlossenen, sozialistischen Normalwissenschaft zu widersprechen. / The thesis invesitgates the question, if the historians of the socialist GDR may be seen as successors of the traditional german „Historismus“ of the pre-war era. I focused on the „Fachrichtung Geschichte“ of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and portraied the work of historians such as Alfred Meusel, Joachim Streisand, Eckhard Müller-Mertens and Kurt Pätzold. The extend to that Joachim Streisand used german national history to legitimise SED-dictatorship of his present was surprising. He used history as a means for political ideology and – as suprising files in BsTU-archives show – used his position at the university to spy for the ‚Stasi‘ (Minsterium für Staatssicherheit). In contrast to this story a number of historians emphasised research founded on sources and tried to keep some independece from SED-politics. A longer portrait of the thesis deals with medievalist Eckhard Müller-Mertens, who explored new methods in the analysis of the medieval ideas of the „Reich“. Müller-Mertens used the label „materialistischer Historismus“ to characterise the scientific tradition, in that he wanted to be seen. After all, the history of this part of the GDR proves the „Widersprüchlichkeit“ (being contradictory), that constituted this dictatorship.

Die Bibliotheken bilden im Verbund mit den Archiven und Museen den Ort der kulturellen Überlieferung eines Landes. Der Auftrag der Sammlung, Vermittlung und langfristigen Sicherung kultureller Überlieferung schließt auch in der Gegenwart den kontinuierlichen Erwerb historischer Medien ein. Mit den hier exemplarisch vorgestellten Erwerbungen stärken die Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig und die SLUB Dresden jeweils bereits vorhandene Sammlungskerne.