The teaching of organized physical education for girls in our schools is rather new in comparison to the number of years schools have existed. In some states physical education is not part of the curriculum but in others, such as California, it is required by law. When one realizes that physical education in the schools is in its infancy one becomes aware of the fact that source materials must therefore be inadequate. Hockey, although an ancient sport, is one of the comparatively newest field sports in the curriculum of the physical education program in the United States. As a result there is still a dearth of printed information available for the teacher. The lack of adequate source materials is felt especially by those who teach the advanced students of hockey. It may be assumed then, that there is a great need today for printed matter which would be used as source materials by the many teachers of hockey.

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Den här uppsatsen efterforskar vilken funktion och användning supportramsor och deninspelade musiken har i hockeysammanhang och för fem unga vuxna i Sverige med intresse förÖrebro hockey, som uppsatsen är avgränsad till. Studien undersöker även om musiken ellersupportramsorna kan ha en roll som identitetskonstruktörer för publiken. Arbetet utgår frånföljande huvudfrågeställningar, Vilken funktion och användning har musiken som spelas iarenan och hur upplever publiken den ur ett individuellt som kollektivt perspektiv? Hur användssupportramsor vid lagsportevenemanget hockey? Har musiken och supportramsorna enfunktion som identitetskonstruktör för publiken, och i sådana fall hur? För att undersöka dettahar jag genomfört fem semi-strukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer. Detta för att lyfta fram varjeinformants erfarenheter och personliga åsikter om ämnet. Studien tar teoretisk utgångspunkt iStuart Hall och Paul du Gays definition av begreppet identitet (Hall & du Gay, 1996) sominnebär att identitet inte är något statiskt utan det formas i ett samspel med omgivningen ochLars Lilliestams resonemang om musikens betydelse för människan, hur den ger reaktioner ikroppen samt hur musik kan reglera vårt humör.Det finns lite tidigare forskning om musikens funktion i hockeysammanhang. Denna uppsatsbidrar med kompletterande perspektiv till de få studier som har gjorts (Ahlsved 2014, 2017).Uppsatsen visar i likhet med tidigare forskning hur musiken har specifika funktioner under enhockeymatch samt hur supportramsorna är ett tecken på samhörighet och gemenskap. Dennagemenskap visar även hur supportramsorna och musiken fungerar som identitetsmarkörer förpubliken. På grund av att det inte finns mycket tidigare forskning om just musik och hockey såutgår detta arbete från mina informanters perspektiv. Resultatet för uppsatsen avser inte att varaheltäckande utan det är en fallstudie utav en grupp supportrar om deras upplevelser, tankar ochidéer om musiken och supportramsorna.

Ice hockey helmet standards are employed to test ice hockey helmets to ensure that they mitigate the risk of traumatic brain injuries. These standards primarily reflect adult ice hockey players' anthropometrics and play styles; however, they may not address youth ice hockey players anthropometrics and play styles. This study created a youth helmet test protocol using head impact characteristics specific to the Learn to Play (5-8 years old) youth ice hockey age group environment. The youth helmet test protocol was compared to a general helmet test protocol with the head mass, shoulder mass, and impacting velocities modified to reflect real-world conditions. The dependent variables used in the study included peak resultant linear acceleration, peak resultant rotational velocity, peak resultant rotational acceleration, and maximal principal strain (MPS). Two-way ANOVA identified significant interactions between the test protocols and two helmets tested in this study. This was followed by ANOVA to test for significance across the levels of the independent variables followed by paired t-tests to identify significant differences between the test protocols for each dependent variable for the head to boards and shoulder to head condition (p<0.05). The only significant difference identified between the test protocols for the head to ice condition was linear acceleration. The paired t-tests identified significant differences between the two helmets for all dependent variables for the head to ice and head to boards conditions (p<0.05). The results from this study revealed that youth are being exposed to similar amounts of brain trauma when compared to adults for the head to ice event. The head to ice condition is one of the most common types of impact events in the Learn to Play age group supporting the need to consider a youth specific ice hockey helmet standard test. This study demonstrated that the CCM FL 500 provided better protection for youth ice hockey players, and helmet companies could employ similar technologies to better protect youth from the risk of brain injuries.

In youth hockey the act of bodychecking is used to separate the opponent from possession of the puck by contacting the body. In one form or another bodychecking has been an integral part of hockey, especially competitive hockey. Bodychecking is associated with a high risk for concussion symptoms with a number of studies reporting a significant decrease in concussion symptom presentation when bodychecking is removed from the game (Black et al., 2016). To decrease the incidence of concussion symptom presentation and maintain body checking in the game, some leagues have introduced modified body contact rules. This study compared the brain trauma profiles, characterized by frequency and magnitude, of players playing with modified body contact rules to a standard bodychecking hockey league. U15 AAA adhered to standard bodychecking, while M15 minor only allowed shoulder-to-shoulder contact while keeping sticks on the ice and travelling in the same direction along the boards. 16 U15 AAA and 16 M15 minor hockey games were analyzed documenting head impacts, and head impact conditions that were reconstructed to examine the differences by comparing frequency and magnitudes of head impact events. There were 76 and 101 impacts in AAA and M15 minor, respectively. Most common events in AAA were head-to-glass, shoulder, and other; and in M15 minor were head-to-shoulder, head, and other. Magnitudes were grouped into very low, low, medium, high, and very high. The only magnitude levels that were significantly different when comparing total head impacts were more very low magnitude head impacts in M15 minor. Most common frequencies of magnitude levels for events in AAA were low glass, and in M15 minor were very low head, and low shoulder events. Changing the body contact rules increased the frequency of very low magnitude events and did not change the frequency of individual events between the medium and very high magnitude events. The low magnitude displayed a shift from head-to-glass to shoulder-to-head events when body contact rules were modified. These findings suggest that modifying body contact rules can result in differences in the frequencies and magnitudes of head impacts in U15 ice hockey. Changing body contact rules resulted in changes of most common events, though the frequency of magnitudes of brain trauma did not decrease with modified contact. It is important to understand the risks associated with the frequencies of events and magnitudes in both divisions.

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and potential abnormalities of biomarkers in female soccer and field hockey players by conducting a meta-analysis of previous studies. In this study, previous research on certain biomarkers (Creatine kinase, lactic acid, iron, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and cortisol) in collegiate, elite and national level female soccer and field hockey players was collected and evaluated. Studies on baseline measurements for these biomarkers in female soccer and field hockey athletes were collected and their group means were considered. These values were collectively put into individual forest plots, one for each biomarker, and were thereafter compared to a given normal laboratory blood value range for the general population. Whereas iron, white blood cell count and especially hemoglobin tended to lie either towards or beneath the lower limit of the reference range assigned to the general population, CK and cortisol have a tendency to be higher in athletes compared to the general population. The findings for lactic acid did not have a significant tendency in either direction. The findings made throughout this study indicate the importance of proper nutrition for the athletes. Furthermore, the findings reiterate and remind coaches and health professionals of the importance on not only the education on proper nutrition for athletes, including sufficient iron intake and possible iron and vitamin supplementation but also the importance of adequate rest and time for recovery to limit the risk of overtraining and high intensity exercise related illness and infection.

No description available.

No description available.

Cette étude propose une ethnographie de la partisannerie, plus particulièrement celle de la passion qui anime les partisans du Canadien de Montréal, à travers la retransmission de matchs de hockey à la télévision, au cours de la saison 2012-2013. Contrairement aux travaux sur la partisannerie qui traitent du spectacle sportif du point de vue des stades (enceintes et estrades) ou de l’ambiance survoltée des bars sportifs, la recherche se focalise sur une catégorie d’amateurs de sport qui, malgré leur grand nombre, ont peu ou pas retenu l’attention des chercheurs. L’objectif poursuivi est double : étudier comment se manifeste et s’exprime la ferveur des partisans envers leur équipe favorite dans un contexte privé, c’est-à-dire celui de leur domicile, et analyser l’engouement des amateurs de sport, ceux qui sont souvent qualifiés de « sportifs de salon », au prisme du spectacle sportif retransmis à la télévision. L’originalité de l’étude repose sur la mise en valeur de ce contexte privé et sur cette majorité de fans qui regardent les matchs de chez eux devant leurs téléviseurs; ce point de vue offre un terrain d’observation privilégié et inédit à l’ethnologue. Afin de mener à bien l’analyse, nous nous sommes employé à décrire l’expression de la passion partisane auprès de quatre participants. Pour ce faire, la démarche ethnographique multisituée s’est révélée une méthodologie appropriée pour appréhender l’espace privé des partisans. Au fil des observations in situ et participantes, nous avons pu saisir les particularités de divers profils de partisannerie dans le contexte de la retransmission de matchs de hockey mettant en vedette le Canadien de Montréal. La « rhétorique du partisan » permet notamment de dégager les manifestations de cette ferveur qui exprime des émotions contrastées selon les faits de jeu et qui oscille entre admiration, ressentiment, humour et pessimisme selon l’issue des matchs, le classement de l’équipe ou celui de l’équipe adverse. Nous nous sommes également intéressé à la mise en scène des participants lors de la retransmission du match de hockey dans l’espace privé. Analysée sous la loupe de la métaphore théâtrale goffmanienne, la ritualisation qui se dégage de chaque « représentation » donnée par le partisan met en jeu les différents rôles des acteurs et leur gestion. Elle met également en scène la dramatisation de la représentation ainsi que la circulation des partisans entre la scène et les coulisses, laissant ainsi entrevoir des sentiments plus ou moins nets et une passion plus ou moins affirmée. Enfin, à travers les liens entre spectacle sportif, loisir passion et loisir festif, nous examinons la mixité des retransmissions du match de hockey vécu à domicile. Ce dernier, tel qu’étudié, apparaît plus qu’un simple divertissement hebdomadaire pour amateur de hockey. La retransmission de spectacles sportifs à la télévision crée une communauté télévisuelle en faisant de chaque match du Canadien un moment unique où tous les partisans vibrent à l’unisson. En somme, le téléspectateur, par sa participation seconde, demeure néanmoins un spectateur à part entière du spectacle sportif. Le partisan se met littéralement en scène et exprime avec passion sa ferveur à chaque retransmission de match, ce qui fait du spectacle sportif un véritable loisir passion aux allures de fête. / This research offers an ethnography of partisanship, more specifically the partisanship of the passion that lights up the Montreal Canadian supporters, through the transmission of hockey games, during the 2012-2013 season. Unlike the diverse researches on partisanship which concentrate on the sports entertainment from the point of view of stadiums (from the stages and within), or of the overexcited atmosphere of the sports bars, this analysis focuses on a group of sporting amateurs who, in spite of their considerable number, have held poor or no attention from researchers. There are two goals to this research: study how supporters express their fervor in a private context within their homes and analyze the enthusiasm of the sporting amateurs often qualified as “living room athletes”. The ingenuity of this research relies on the private context insight as well as on the vast majority of supporters who watch hockey games in their living room; this point of view provides a powerful field of observation for the ethnologist. To lead this analysis successfully, we have chosen to describe the expression of partisanship passion through four participants. To achieve this, the multisite ethnography approach presents itself to be a pertinent methodology to observe the private space of the latter. Through the in situ and participative observations, we have had the opportunity to sense the particularities of various profiles of the Montreal Canadian supporter whilst watching hockey games on television. The “partisan rhetoric” allows us to identify the manifestations of this fervor which expresses contrasted feelings according to the different plays of the game and which oscillate between admiration, resentment, humour and pessimism depending on the results of the match, the rank of the team or the rank of the opposite team. We were also interested in the supporters private setting during the hockey game broadcasts. Analyzed under the magnifying glass of the “Goffmanian” theatrical metaphor, the unlocked ritualization observed from each “representation" offered by the supporter involves diverse performances of actors, as well as the management of these performances. This stages the dramatization of the representation as well as the movements of the supporters between the scene and the backstage, giving a glimpse of unclear feelings and giving way to a more or less assertive passion. Throughout the connections between sports entertainment, passion leisure and festive leisure, we examined the diversity of hockey games broadcasts at home. The latter, it appears, represents more than just a basic weekly entertainment for hockey fans. Broadcast of hockey games on television constructs a televisual community by making every Montreal Canadian hockey game a singular moment where all the supporters share a common thrill. The television fans, by their passive participation, remain however full fans. The supporter literally stages himself and expresses his fervour with passion in every hockey game, which makes the sports entertainment a true passion leisure with a festive atmosphere.

Hockey is a popular sport, and at its highest levels, it is a complex contact game characterized by physical strength, speed, and skill. The interaction of these characteristics contributes to the inherent risk of injury athletes must face while playing. Among hockey injuries, concussions are one of the most commonly sustained by athletes across all levels of play and age groups. Significant public attention, combined with poorly understood long-term effects, indicates the importance of tangible preventive strategies. The main goal of this thesis was to understand, through video analysis, how playing characteristics and mechanism of injury contribute to concussions in the National Hockey League (NHL). In the first study, the development and validation of an observational recording tool used to code and analyze NHL concussions observed via video analysis was described. The second study attempted to synthesize the description of players’ characteristics, antecedent events, and contextual variables associated with events leading to concussion at the NHL level. Several specific risk factors for concussion in NHL players were identified, including position, body size, specific locations on the ice, and particular situations based on a player's position. The final study systematically analyzed how concussions occur to identify potential pattern(s) of concussions. A common specific injury mechanism characterized by player-to-player contact and resulting in contact to the head by the shoulder, elbow, or gloves, was also identified. When the principal mechanism was refined further, several important characteristics were discernable: (i) contact was often to the lateral aspect of the head; (ii) the player who suffered a concussion was often not in possession of the puck; and (iii) no penalty was called on the play. Collectively, these studies served to address gaps in the literature; the implications for informing prevention and management strategies are also discussed.