This is a literature study of existing research. The study deals with honor-related violence and oppression from different perspectives. In this study we decided to start from international research but also to immerse ourselves in other literature such as books. Based on the collected material, we have framed three perspectives that we have used in our results. The purpose of this work is to: 1- study different perspectives on honor-related violence out of international research and even other literature dealing with honor-related violence. 2- to study how these research on honor-related violence describes the groups that are vulnerable as well as the root causes of their vulnerability. The result of this study, which is based on an intersectional perspective, shows that the group profiled as victims of honor-related violence has different perceptions because the vulnerability of honor can be attributed to different factors. In order to understand the complex situation of the target group, more research is essential in this area that can better explain.

Abstract    Title        School counsellors work with children and youths who are exposed to honor-related violence and oppression, in relation to the Convention on the Rights of the Child- A qualitative study.   Authors          Elinor Arnaout and Julia Johansson   Honor-related violence and oppression (HrvaO) is a phenomenon that has received increasing attention in the media, among others. This is especially so after the case of Fadime, who in 2002 was murdered by his father as a result of violating his family's code of honor. The starting point in HrvaO is that women's sexuality is something that must be controlled in order to preserve the family's honor (Länsstyrelsen, 2018). In an interview study, the aim was to investigate what tools and knowledge school counsellors perceive they have to work with HrvaO among high school students. Furthermore, the purpose was to investigate how the parties identify the vulnerability among the students. In addition, the authors have examined how the school counsellors work with HrvaO mainly in relation to the Convention on the Rights of the Child. It imposes requirements on all relevant professionals, including counsellors, taking into account the best interests of the child in all decisions taken with a view to protecting the child. Consequently, it was of interest to examine whether school counselors’ work with HrvaO has changed since the Convention on the Rights of the Child became law in Sweden in 2020.   The results of the study have shown that the Convention on the Rights of the Child has not made it easier for the counsellors, which they explain is due to the fact that the Convention on the Rights of the Child does not provide any practical application in the work with vulnerable students. Furthermore, the study has shown that the school counsellors have tools for working with students who are exposed to HrvaO in the form of conversation methodology, contact with social services, honor-groups and relationship building. The conclusion is that HrvaO is a complex subject that needs to be researched to a greater extent in order to promote the professional's acquisition of knowledge. This is especially apparent when various dilemmas arise in the workplace where the professional experiences difficulties in prioritizing "the right solution". Keywords  Honor-related violence and oppression, school counsellors, Convention on the rights of the child, work methods.

abstract The purpose of this study is to shed light on the experiences of the social workers when managing and treating errands concerning young girls/women who are exposed to honor related violence and oppression in several municipalities in Central Sweden. The study’s main questions focus, and purpose was based on five qualitative interviews. These questions were answered through five qualitative interviews through a targeted sample. The two selected theoretical perspectives were intersectionality and empowerment. Previous research shows that honor related violence occurs throughout the world with 5000 women being killed annually in the name of honor. Previous research emphasizes the importance of not connecting honor related errands to a certain culture and sheds light to the social services challenges, for example, when some families deny that honor related violence occurs.  The interviews emphasized that collaboration between social services and sheltered housing, long-term support, respect and understanding for the clients were central aspects. The result could give an indication that especially the smaller municipalities in central Sweden did not have an actual action plan for their particular municipality. The results of the study could show that cases concerning honor violence and oppression were complex and broad and could complicate the social services preparedness and when handling the honor related cases.  Intersectionality could provide an understanding of the risk if these issues would be culturalized because it could lead to a “we and them” mindset.

This Master’s project aims to explore the challenges and possibilities the social services encounter when investigating honor related violence in childcare investigations. Furthermore, the project is investigating social workers’ perceptions and experiences of honor related violence (HRV) and if that aspect of violence makes any difference to the investigation of child abuse. A qualitative approach has been used, where interviews were held with ten social workers. The project’s result and analysis has been divided into three themes: Social workers knowledge regarding HRV, working methods used when investigating child abuse with elements of HRV   and the impact of the child perspective on different assessments concerning children in the same families.  The results show that the social worker's knowledge has a significant role in how a case is handled by the social services. The lack of in-depth knowledge among social workers regarding HRV can have consequences for the work in various ways. The study also shows that there is a need for social services to develop treatments that are adapted to honor-related violence. Finally, the conclusion of this study shows that the current legislation in Sweden could be further developed.

The purpose of this study was to get an extended view over social workers work with honor related violence. This topic was classified as a problem in Sweden first when three different women were murdered in results of honor related violence. Thereafter the case where Fadima was murdered  in 2002, the Swedish governments started to discuss possible supports that can help solve this problem. The main purpose was to find out how social services view honor related violence and what support they have for the ones that are abused. Although anybody can be a victim of honor related violence the study has mainly focused on the girls and young women that are a victim of honor related violence.  We wanted to get a more extended view over the issues, therefore we used a qualitative thematic analysis. This method has been executed by semi-structured interviews. The interviews that have been conducted were with social secretaries that work in Social services with honor related violence.  After reviewing our interview results we started analyzing the data. The results show that there are different supports for the girls and young women that are a victim of honor related violence. The problem is that these supports have not always shown achievements. This is not only due to a lack of support from Social Services. This depends on the victim and if the victims will go through with the support. Therefore the government needs to work with the families that expose these girls for honor related violence to try to change their view.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how school counselors perceive their competence and knowledge regarding honor-related violence and whether it in turn affects their ability and opportunities to draw attention to these young people. We also want to find out how school counselors, based on their knowledge, deal with suspicions of honor-related violence and oppression. The study's overall issues concern different forms of knowledge that school counselors use when it comes to work with honor issues and how school counselors act when there is a suspicion that a student is exposed to honor-related violence and oppression. We have used a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews with six school curators from two different municipalities in southern Sweden. We thematized these interviews, and then analyzed them using scope for action as theory and previous research. The study clearly shows that honor issues are considered a challenging and complex subject and the results show large differences in school curators' own views on their knowledge, how to acquire their knowledge and what the collaboration with the social services looks like.

The aim of the current study was to highlight the social service work with domestic violence against women. In this study, we examined whether there was a difference in the way the social service works and if their effort differ in terms of domestic violence. Moreover, this study investigated how social workers work to prevent future violence against victims also what method they use to find out the causes behind men’s violence against women. A total of four administrative officers were interviewed from two different municipalities. All four officers were actively working with questions concerning domestic violence against women. The content analysis methodology was used as a basis for our questioner which contained twenty questions. This method was chosen because of violence is the basis of social service work. In conclusion, social services in the two municipalities that were studied in this study offer abused women different types of contributions. The type of effort provided depends on women’s individual situations. There are however, no major differences between the ways social services are dealing with domestic violence compared with honor-related violence. In those cases that were received to the two social offices, the underlying causes of violence against women varied. This may possibly include alcohol-related violence and mental illness. Future actions concerns the need of social assistance to work more on developing new methods to mainly protect women from domestic violence also to provide information to women about the social service interventions.

Detta examensarbete avser att undersöka hur ungdomar, som har utsatts för hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck upplever socialtjänstens stöd utifrån maktperspektivet och KASAM-teorins tre begrepp. I studien har vi använt oss av kvalitativ metod för att genomföra semistrukturerade intervjuer. Åtta unga kvinnor som varit i kontakt med socialtjänsten intervjuades. Tidigare forskning har framförallt studerat klientens upplevelse av kontakten med socialtjänsten. Antalet studier som berör kvinnor som har utsatts för hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck är väldigt begränsat. Forskning inom detta område bör därmed eftersträvas. Studiens resultat visade att de unga kvinnors förväntningar inte överensstämde med deras upplevelse av kontakten med socialtjänsten. Vidare visades att socialtjänstens stöd- och hjälpinsatser var allt för kortsiktiga där kvinnorna lämnades alltför tidigt och förväntades hantera sina svårigheter på egen hand. / This study intends to investigate how young women, who have been subjected to honor-related violence and oppression, experience the support of the social services based on the power perspective and the KASAM theory. We have in the study used qualitative methods to conduct semi-structured interviews. Eight young women who had been in contact with the social services were interviewed. Previous research has primarily studied the client's experience of contact with the social services. Studies that concern women who have been subjected to honor-related violence and oppression are very limited. Research in this area should therefore be sought. The study's results showed that young women's expectations did not match the experience of contact with the social services. The results analysis showed that the social services support and assistance efforts are far too short-term where women are left behind and are expected to handle their difficulties on their own.

This study aims to investigate how social services in a county in central Sweden work preventively against honor-related violence and oppression. The study aims to investigate the obstacles, challenges and preventive opportunities that social workers face in the work. Based on a qualitative data collection method in which six social secretaries were interviewed, the study has shown that the majority of respondents have a critical view towards that the problem of honor is cultured and investigated solely from cultural features. The study also showed that the respondents felt that there was a lack of competence in the social service regarding honor matters and emphasized that there is a great need for excellence in education on the subject and also that there was a great need for aimed education in fields that focus on honour related violence and oppression. It was found that respondents disagreed on whether the social service´s work is preventing honor-related violence and oppression. Some of the socialworkers considered that the social service`s work is preventing and some disagreed. The respondents also emphasized the importance of increased cooperation between the social services and the school in preventing the work against the violence.

<p>This dissertation discusses how reputation, virginity and honour are made topical in the stories of the lives of Arab and Kurdish women and connected with understandings of culture and religion. The dissertation is composed of five articles, which contain the principal analysis, and five chapters that discuss the project as a whole; the development of the main topics, and choices concerning methodological, ethical and theoretical approaches. </p><p>The empirical material of the dissertation consists of interviews with ten Arab and Kurdish women in Sweden, and seven legal cases of honor related violence. The interview material is analysed as a whole – focusing on the importance of reputation in women’s creation of identity, and how this may be related to cultural conceptions of divided femininity (virgin-whore) and honour (article 4). I also conduct an in-depth analysis of one interview, where meaning is created through a story, in which liberty is contrasted with constraint (article 3). In the analysis of the legal cases, I discuss the arguments of verdicts concerning honour related violence, and criticise the courts’ understanding of crimes as demarcated acts (articles 1 & 5). I also analyse the (violent) stories of the actual lives of women found in the legal cases in their contexts (articles 2 & 5).</p><p>Throughout the dissertation, I aim at a constructivist attempt that sees culture and gender as creative frames of interpretation. This attempt is connected with a hermeneutic perspective, which sees a statement or an act as comprehensible only when interpreted in its context (e.g. in a cultural context of honour). It is also connected with a feminist understanding of men’s violence against women, which relates the meaning of an act of violence to culturally accepted forms of control and cultural conceptions of gender.</p><p>In the analysis of the empirical material, I show how culture is created as contrast in the lives of women. ’Arab/Kurdish’ and ’Swedish’ appear as exclusive categories, and are connected with cultural conceptions of divided femininity and honour. Within these categories, a woman is either a virgin or a whore, and a woman that has been branded as a whore will be stained forever. Men’s honour will not be restored until she is extinguished. When these cultural conceptions are used in the life of a woman who lives with these highly normative demands, they may be crucial and signify experiences of violence. A woman with bad reputation may be defined as a ”Swedish whore” be her male relatives, contrasted with being an ”Arab/Kurdish virgin”. The honour of these men will not be restored until she is excluded from the family or dies: to be a virgin or a whore may be a life-and-death matter.</p>