Yes / The lack of separation between urgent and non-urgent medical goods encourages sub-optimal vehicle fleet operations owing to the time critical nature of urgent items. An unattended electronic locker bank, to which individual urgent items can be delivered thereby separating urgent and non-urgent supply, was proposed for the Great Ormond Street Hospital in London, UK. This concept was quantified using ‘basic’ and ‘intuitive’ hill climbing optimisation models; and qualitatively using staff interviews and expert reviews. Results indicated that a locker bank with a fixed height (1.7 m) and depth (0.8 m) required a length of 4 m (basic model) and 3.63 m (intuitive model), to accommodate 100% of urgent consignments for a typical week. Staff interviews indicated the wider benefits such as staff personal deliveries.

Dans la gestion des systèmes de production de soins, la maîtrise des flux hospitaliers et l'anticipation des tensions sont des enjeux majeurs. Les acteurs du secteur hospitalier et des filières de soins doivent maîtriser des tensions telles les pics d'activités et les engorgements de services qui sont liées aux flux des patients et aux flux des processus de soins. Ils sont toutefois démunis en méthodologies et outils d'aide à la décision et de pilotage adaptés. Cette thèse a pour but d’étudier et de développer la modélisation, l'optimisation et la mise en œuvre d'un Système d’Aide à l’amélioration de la prise en charge des patients en mode normal et en mode tension dans les Services des Urgences Pédiatriques (SUP) du CHRU de Lille. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des solutions appropriées au SUP permettant d’améliorer la prise en charge des patients en termes de temps d’attente. Nous avons donc modélisé le processus de prise en charge des patients par l’approche Workflow afin d’identifier les dysfonctionnements au SUP près cette phase de modélisation, nous avons proposé une architecture de résolution à base d’agents afin d’optimiser l’ordonnancement des flux patients et diminuer considérablement leur temps d’attente en périodes des tensions. Ensuite nous avons étudié une démarche d’orchestration dynamique du Workflow par les agents afin de réduire les temps d’attentes des patients en cours d’exécution. Cette these est menée dans le cadre du projet ANR HOST avec la collaboration du SUP de CHRU de Lille. Les résultats des simulations mettent en exergue l’apport de l’alliance entre les systèmes multi-agent et l’optimisation pour l’aide à la décision. / In the healthcare production management systems, the control of the patient flows and the anticipation of the tensions are major issues. Due to the increasing the crowding situations and their consequences, there is an ever increasing emphasis on the ability of the actors in hospital and healthcare pathways to manage the patient health care process. They must be able to control the crowding (peaks of activities, congestion of services) that are related to patient and healthcare processes flows. However, decision makers do not have sufficient methodologies and decision support tools adapted for controlling the patient flows.This thesis aims to investigate and develop modeling, optimization and implementation of a Support System to improve the care of patients in normal situation and crowding situation in Services Pediatric Emergencies (SUP) of the Lille University Hospital. The objective of this thesis is to propose appropriate solutions to the SUP to improve care for patients in terms of wait times. We therefore modeled the process of care for patients by Workflow approach to identify malfunctions in the SUP near the modeling phase; we proposed a resolution of agent-based architecture to optimize scheduling patient flow and significantly decrease their waiting time during periods of tension. Then we studied a dynamic process orchestration workflow by agents to reduce the expectations of patients running time. This thesis is conducted under the ANR HOST project in collaboration with the Lille University Hospital SUP. The simulation results highlight the contribution of the alliance between the multi-agent systems and optimization for decision support

Hospitais de ensino apresentam relevância social e econômica para o país, uma vez que são responsáveis pelo atendimento de alta complexidade e capacitação de recursos humanos, além de se caracterizarem pela complexidade de suas operações, com intensos fluxos de materiais, informações, profissionais e pacientes. Entretanto, eles atuam sob a pressão da escassez de recursos financeiros e a necessidade de redução dos custos totais das contas hospitalares. Neste contexto, a logística pode se destacar como função de relevância na agregação de valor para a organização e no serviço prestado aos pacientes, sendo que a utilização de indicadores de desempenho das atividades logísticas pode auxiliar os gestores no monitoramento dos processos, permitindo sua melhor coordenação. Porém, a falta de visão e estruturação da logística hospitalar e a ausência de práticas de avaliação e indicadores de desempenho das atividades logísticas junto aos modelos de gestão hospitalares e de estudos que abordem especificamente a avaliação das atividades logísticas no ambiente hospitalar representam problemas que devem ser considerados. Assim, o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar a medição de desempenho das atividades logísticas de hospitais de ensino e propor recomendações de uso que suportem a operacionalização da logística no âmbito hospitalar. Para tanto, se utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, pautada nas estratégias de revisão de literatura e estudo de casos múltiplos em hospitais de ensino universitários do Estado de São Paulo. Como resultados, destaca-se a identificação das práticas de medição de desempenho deste grupo de hospitais e a proposição de indicadores de desempenho e de recomendações de uso para a operacionalização da logística no âmbito hospitalar. / Teaching hospitals have social and economic relevance to the country since they are responsible for high-complexity care and training of human resources. Besides they are characterized by the complexity of its operations, with intense flows of materials, information, professional and patient. Nevertheless, they act under the pressure of limited financial resources and the need to reduce their total costs. In this context, the logistics rises as a function of relevance in adding value to the organization and the service provided to the patients. Therefore, the use of performance indicators of logistics activities can support managers in monitoring processes enabling better coordination. However, the lack of vision and structure of hospital logistics, aligned to the lack of assessment practices and performance indicators in the management models plus the absence of studies that take these issues into account are problems to be addressed. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze the performance measurement of logistics activities in teaching hospitals and propose recommendations that support these activities. For this, it was used a qualitative and exploratory approach, based on literature review and multiple case study in university teaching hospitals of the State of São Paulo. As a result, it is highlighted the identification of some performance measurement practices, the proposal of performance indicators based on these practices and recommendations for improvements in the logistic activities in teaching hospitals.

As aplicações da tecnologia de identificação por radiofrequência (RFID) em hospitais movimenta uma importante área de estudo no setor de saúde. Acompanhando o crescente número de trabalhos na área, encontra-se a necessidade de sistematização e categorização destas aplicações e de estudos que apresente soluções para o processo logístico hospitalar, particularmente, sob a perspectiva do fluxo de pacientes em ambulatórios de ensino. Diante deste cenário, a presente tese propõe um modelo de referência para a identificação e análise de aplicações RFID, considerando o objeto de estudo em questão. A revisão da literatura inicia-se abordando a Logística Hospitalar, apresentando os principais autores e correntes dessa área de pesquisa, apontando para a importância do fluxo de pacientes como elemento direcionador dos demais fluxos logísticos. Em seguida, é realizado um levantamento e categorização das aplicações da RFID em organizações hospitalares, permitindo a análise e o entendimento de suas principais características. Dessa forma, três bases apoiam o método de pesquisa. O primeiro é a revisão bibliográfica. O segundo é a metodologia para o desenvolvimento de modelos de referência na área de TI e por final, a avaliação do modelo por profissionais de saúde e TI, futuros usuários do modelo. Como contribuição da pesquisa, destaca-se o desenvolvimento e prescrição de um conjunto de atividades voltadas à identificação e análise de aplicações RFID dentro da visão de Logística Hospitalar, objetivando uma maior aproximação entre profissionais de saúde e TI na etapa de planejamento do processo de implantação da tecnologia em um ambiente ambulatorial de ensino. / The applications of radio frequency identification technology (RFID) in hospitals move an important area of study in the healthcare. Accompanying the growing body of research on this topic, there is a need for systematization of such applications and proposals for solutions to the hospital logistics processes, particularly from the perspective of patient flow logistics in teaching ambulatory care setting. In this way, this thesis proposes a reference model for the identification and analysis of RFID applications, considering this object of research. The literature review begins by addressing the hospital logistics management, presenting the main authors of this emerging area of research, pointing to the importance of patient flow. Next, we conducted a review and categorization of RFID applications in hospital organizations, theme of this research, allowing the analysis and understanding of its main characteristics. Thus, three bases support the research method. The first is the literature review. The second is the methods for reference model development in IT field and the third, the evaluation by health and IT professionals, potential users of model. As a research contribution, a set of activities designed to identifying and analyzing RFID applications in hospital logistics was developed, aimed to approach health and IT professionals in the planning stage of RFID implementation process.

As aplicações da tecnologia de identificação por radiofrequência (RFID) em hospitais movimenta uma importante área de estudo no setor de saúde. Acompanhando o crescente número de trabalhos na área, encontra-se a necessidade de sistematização e categorização destas aplicações e de estudos que apresente soluções para o processo logístico hospitalar, particularmente, sob a perspectiva do fluxo de pacientes em ambulatórios de ensino. Diante deste cenário, a presente tese propõe um modelo de referência para a identificação e análise de aplicações RFID, considerando o objeto de estudo em questão. A revisão da literatura inicia-se abordando a Logística Hospitalar, apresentando os principais autores e correntes dessa área de pesquisa, apontando para a importância do fluxo de pacientes como elemento direcionador dos demais fluxos logísticos. Em seguida, é realizado um levantamento e categorização das aplicações da RFID em organizações hospitalares, permitindo a análise e o entendimento de suas principais características. Dessa forma, três bases apoiam o método de pesquisa. O primeiro é a revisão bibliográfica. O segundo é a metodologia para o desenvolvimento de modelos de referência na área de TI e por final, a avaliação do modelo por profissionais de saúde e TI, futuros usuários do modelo. Como contribuição da pesquisa, destaca-se o desenvolvimento e prescrição de um conjunto de atividades voltadas à identificação e análise de aplicações RFID dentro da visão de Logística Hospitalar, objetivando uma maior aproximação entre profissionais de saúde e TI na etapa de planejamento do processo de implantação da tecnologia em um ambiente ambulatorial de ensino. / The applications of radio frequency identification technology (RFID) in hospitals move an important area of study in the healthcare. Accompanying the growing body of research on this topic, there is a need for systematization of such applications and proposals for solutions to the hospital logistics processes, particularly from the perspective of patient flow logistics in teaching ambulatory care setting. In this way, this thesis proposes a reference model for the identification and analysis of RFID applications, considering this object of research. The literature review begins by addressing the hospital logistics management, presenting the main authors of this emerging area of research, pointing to the importance of patient flow. Next, we conducted a review and categorization of RFID applications in hospital organizations, theme of this research, allowing the analysis and understanding of its main characteristics. Thus, three bases support the research method. The first is the literature review. The second is the methods for reference model development in IT field and the third, the evaluation by health and IT professionals, potential users of model. As a research contribution, a set of activities designed to identifying and analyzing RFID applications in hospital logistics was developed, aimed to approach health and IT professionals in the planning stage of RFID implementation process.

Hospitais de ensino apresentam relevância social e econômica para o país, uma vez que são responsáveis pelo atendimento de alta complexidade e capacitação de recursos humanos, além de se caracterizarem pela complexidade de suas operações, com intensos fluxos de materiais, informações, profissionais e pacientes. Entretanto, eles atuam sob a pressão da escassez de recursos financeiros e a necessidade de redução dos custos totais das contas hospitalares. Neste contexto, a logística pode se destacar como função de relevância na agregação de valor para a organização e no serviço prestado aos pacientes, sendo que a utilização de indicadores de desempenho das atividades logísticas pode auxiliar os gestores no monitoramento dos processos, permitindo sua melhor coordenação. Porém, a falta de visão e estruturação da logística hospitalar e a ausência de práticas de avaliação e indicadores de desempenho das atividades logísticas junto aos modelos de gestão hospitalares e de estudos que abordem especificamente a avaliação das atividades logísticas no ambiente hospitalar representam problemas que devem ser considerados. Assim, o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar a medição de desempenho das atividades logísticas de hospitais de ensino e propor recomendações de uso que suportem a operacionalização da logística no âmbito hospitalar. Para tanto, se utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, pautada nas estratégias de revisão de literatura e estudo de casos múltiplos em hospitais de ensino universitários do Estado de São Paulo. Como resultados, destaca-se a identificação das práticas de medição de desempenho deste grupo de hospitais e a proposição de indicadores de desempenho e de recomendações de uso para a operacionalização da logística no âmbito hospitalar. / Teaching hospitals have social and economic relevance to the country since they are responsible for high-complexity care and training of human resources. Besides they are characterized by the complexity of its operations, with intense flows of materials, information, professional and patient. Nevertheless, they act under the pressure of limited financial resources and the need to reduce their total costs. In this context, the logistics rises as a function of relevance in adding value to the organization and the service provided to the patients. Therefore, the use of performance indicators of logistics activities can support managers in monitoring processes enabling better coordination. However, the lack of vision and structure of hospital logistics, aligned to the lack of assessment practices and performance indicators in the management models plus the absence of studies that take these issues into account are problems to be addressed. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze the performance measurement of logistics activities in teaching hospitals and propose recommendations that support these activities. For this, it was used a qualitative and exploratory approach, based on literature review and multiple case study in university teaching hospitals of the State of São Paulo. As a result, it is highlighted the identification of some performance measurement practices, the proposal of performance indicators based on these practices and recommendations for improvements in the logistic activities in teaching hospitals.

Research Questions: Research Question I: How does the material management process of medicine differ between a ward with, and without, an Automated Ward Solution (AWS)? Research Question II: How do time and costs differ in the material management process of medicine between a ward with, and without, an AWS? Research Question III: How has the instalment of a central storage affected the number of orders placed for wards? Purpose: The purpose is to map and compare the material management process of medicine between a ward with, and without, an AWS. Further the mapped processes will be timed, allocated costs by applying TDABC and then compared. The purpose is as well to describe how the instalment of a central storage has affected the frequency of orders placed for wards. Methodology: This project is a qualitative case study as the authors wished to understand the phenomena of having installed AWSs for medicine in a real context. The primary data was collected through interviews, observations and studying of documents; the secondary data was collected through scientific articles and literatures. The collected data answered the research questions with the help of process mapping and TDABC. Conclusion: In the created process maps it is found that the extensiveness of the different processes when compared are similar for both wards; however the allocated costs calculated through TDABC sometimes differ due to the involvement of the Pharmaceutical Unit as it carries a higher capacity cost per minute. Ward 5 can be assumed to have a higher security and accuracy due to the instalment of an AWS and by having laid more responsibility on the Pharmaceutical Unit. The AWS has however led to a larger waste for Ward 5 as it cannot return regular medicine anymore. This project could not directly connect the instalment of a central storage with reduced order lines; however it can be assumed that it has contributed to the decreased order lines placed.

Les systèmes hospitaliers sont des lieux de soins caractérisés par la variété des activités et des situations auxquelles ils sont confrontés. Ceci engendre des interactions induisant des situations imprévues liées à plusieurs risques.La gestion des risques apparaît donc comme une préoccupation importante pour les décideurs. Plus particulièrement, la gestion des risques dans les blocs opératoires est d’une grande importance étant donné que ces derniers présentent des lieux hautement stratégiques par rapport aux nombreuses activités qu’ils regroupent et des coûts qu’ils engendrent. Le risque zéro n’existe pas, il peut néanmoins être réduit.Ce travail de recherche a pour objectif de maîtriser la gestion des risques dans les blocs opératoires. Cette recherche s’intègre dans le cadre d’une collaboration entre l’Ecole Centrale de Lille et le CHU Sahloul de Sousse, terrain d’étude choisi pour mettre en œuvre l’approche proposée. Étant donné qu’aucun système de gestion des risques n’a été mis en place dans cet établissement, ce travail représenté un apport important et original pour le CHU Sahloul.Notre démarche se déroule en plusieurs étapes. Tout d’abord, suite à une comparaison entre les méthodes de gestion des risques existantes, nous avons choisi d’adapter la méthode de gestion des risques AMDEC (Analyse des Modes de Défaillances, de leurs Effets et de leurs Criticités) aux blocs opératoires du CHU Sahloul de Sousse.Nous proposons ensuite un système d’aide à la décision pour la gestion des risques GRAMA (Gestion des Risques par une Approche Multi - Agent) afin d’orienter les intervenants dans les blocs opératoires vers les meilleures décisions pour minimiser les risques pouvant survenir. Enfin, une simulation basée sur l’approche proposée est mise en œuvre au CHU Sahloul / The hospital systems are a place of health care distinguished by the variety of activities and situations with which they are confronted. This creates interactions leading into unexpected situations related to several risks.The risk management appears as an important concern for the decisions makers. More particularly, the risk management in the operating theatres has a major importance given that they are about a highly strategic in relation to the many activities they include and the costs they generate. The zero risk does not exist. Never theless, it can be reduced.This research aims to control risk management in operating rooms. This research gets in collaboration between l’Ecole Centrale de Lille and the University Hospital (UH) of Sousse Sahloul, field of study chosen to implement the proposed approach. Since non system of risk management has been implemented in this establishment, this work is significant and original for the UH Sahloul.Our approach is made up of several steps. First, following a comparison between the existing methods of risk management, we chose to adapt the method of risk management FMECA (Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis) in operating rooms of UH Sahloul, Sousse. We propose a decision support system for risk management based on multi-agent approach in order to guide contributors in the operating rooms making the best decisions to minimize risks which occur in UH Sahloul. Finally, a simulation based on the proposed approach is implemented in the UH Sahloul.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2015-07-20T17:28:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ernesto Stangueti.pdf: 896090 bytes, checksum: bf6900280e54b4847ee7b0f318f12749 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-20T17:28:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ernesto Stangueti.pdf: 896090 bytes, checksum: bf6900280e54b4847ee7b0f318f12749 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-28 / Government agencies, in Brazil and in developed countries, have established guidelines for water safety in the community, in particular in the health care of immunocompromised pacients, in this case environments hospitals that receive such patients should provide higher standards for water quality by taking immediate action to prevent waterborne infections. This paper aims to assess how hospitals that perform bone marrow transplantation (BMT) manage the critical success factors in the prevention of water contamination of their patients and extract from these assessments a model of management of hospital logistics in relation to administrative processes needed for effective control of such infection. To this end, it was chosen a case study. The interviews were conducted with professional members of Commissions Infection Control in four hospitals located in São Paulo who perform BMT. The data were analyzed using the methodology of the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD) described by Lefèvre & Lefèvre (2003). The main management practices related to water contamination were: cleaning and disinfection of water tanks and bacteriological control, installation of filters for high power filtering at the point of use (taps and showers), supply of mineral water industrialized for consumption of patients of BMT unit, institution management committee comprising representatives from all areas involved in the operations of the BMT unit. Thus, this work contributes to technological and social practice through the development of a model of hospital logistics management, collaborating in preventing Related Infections at Health Care (IRAS) in units of BMT. / As agências governamentais, no Brasil e nos países desenvolvidos, têm estabelecido diretrizes para a segurança da água na comunidade, em específico nos ambientes de atendimento à saúde de pessoas imunocomprometidas, no caso, os hospitais que cuidam de tais pacientes devem fornecer padrões mais elevados para a qualidade da água tomando medidas imediatas na prevenção de infecções transmitidas pela água. Este trabalho tem como objetivo, avaliar a forma como os hospitais que realizam transplante de medula óssea (TMO) gerenciam os fatores críticos de sucesso na prevenção da contaminação hídrica de seus pacientes e extrair dessas avaliações um modelo de gestão de logística hospitalar em relação aos processos administrativos, necessários ao efetivo controle desse tipo de contaminação. Para tanto, optou-se pela estratégia de pesquisa de estudo de caso, com a realização de entrevistas junto a profissionais membros de Comissões de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar em quatro hospitais localizados no Município de São Paulo e que realizam TMO. As informações coletadas foram analisadas através da metodologia do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC), baseado em Lefèvre & Lefèvre, (2003). Foram elencadas as principais práticas de gestão desses hospitais em relação à contaminação hídrica, sendo: limpeza e desinfecção de reservatórios de água e controle bacteriológico, instalação de filtros de alto poder de filtragem nos pontos de uso (torneiras e chuveiros), fornecimento de água mineral industrializada para consumo dos pacientes da unidade de TMO, instituição de comissão de gestão composta por representantes de todas as áreas envolvidas na manutenção das atividades da unidade de TMO. Dessa forma, este trabalho contribui com a prática tecnológica e social, através da estruturação de um modelo de gestão de logística hospitalar, colaborando na prevenção das Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (IRAS) em unidades de TMO.

Le service des urgences est un important service de soins qui représente le goulot d'étranglement de l'hôpital. Les urgences sont souvent confrontées à des problèmes de tension dans de nombreux pays à travers le monde. L'une des causes de la tension dans les urgences est l'interférence permanente entre trois types de patients : les patients déjà programmés, les patients non programmés et les patients non programmés urgents. Le but de cette thèse est de contribuer à l'étude et au développement d'un système d’aide à la décision pour améliorer la prise en charge des patients aussi bien en mode de fonctionnement normal qu’en mode tension. Deux principaux processus ont été développé. Un processus d’ordonnancement à horizon glissant en utilisant un algorithme mimétique avec l’intégration des opérateurs génétiques contrôlés pour déterminer un calendrier optimal de passage des patients. Le deuxième processus d’orchestration dynamique, à base d’agents communicants, tient compte de la nature dynamique et incertaine de l'environnement des urgences en actualisant continuellement ce calendrier. Cette orchestration pilote en temps réel le workflow du parcours patient, améliore pas à pas les indicateurs de performance durant l'exécution. Grâce aux comportements des agents et aux protocoles de communication, le système proposé a établi un lien direct en temps réel entre les performances requises sur le terrain et les actions afin de diminuer l'impact de la tension. Les résultats expérimentaux, mis en œuvre au CHRU de Lille, indiquent que l’application de nos approches permet d’améliorer les indicateurs de performance grâce aux pilotage par les agents du workflow en cours exécution. / The emergency department is an important care service that represents the hospital's bottleneck. Emergencies often face overcrowding problems in many countries worldwide. One of the causes of the emergency department overcrowding is the permanent interference between three types of arriving patients: already programmed patients, non-programmed patients and urgent non-programmed patients. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the study and development a decision support system to improve patient management in both normal and overcrowding situation. Two main processes have been developed. A rolling-horizon scheduling process using a memetic algorithm with the integration of controlled genetic operators to determine an optimal schedule for patient. The second dynamic orchestration process, based on communicating agents, takes into account the dynamic and uncertain nature of the emergency environment by continually updating this schedule for patient. This orchestration monitoring in real time the workflow of the patient pathway improves step by step the performance indicators during the execution. Through agent behaviors and communication protocols, the proposed system has established a direct real-time link between the required performances and the effective actions in order to decrease the overcrowding impact. The experimental results in this thesis, implemented at the Regional University Hospital Center (RUHC) of Lille, justify the interest of the application of our approaches to improve the performance indicators thanks to the agents driven patient pathway workflows during their execution.