University, Diss., 2001--München.

Thesis (M.S. in geology)--Washington State University, May 2010. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on May 21, 2010). "School of Earth and Environmental Sciences." Includes bibliographical references.

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2006. / Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 66 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

University, Diss., 2004--Bremen.

Reading of messenger RNA (mRNA) by aminoacyl-tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) on the ribosomes in the bacterial cell occurs with high accuracy. It follows from the physical chemistry of enzymatic reactions that there must be a trade-off between rate and accuracy of initial tRNA selection in protein synthesis: when the current accuracy, the A-value, approaches its maximal possible value, the d-value, the kinetic efficiency of the reaction approaches zero. We have used an in vitro system for mRNA translation with purified E. coli components to estimate the d- and A-values by which aa-tRNAs discriminate between their cognate and near cognate codons displayed in the ribosomal A site. In the case of tRNALys, we verified the prediction of a linear trade-off between kinetic efficiency of cognate codon reading and the accuracy of codon selection. These experiments have been extended to a larger set of tRNAs, including tRNAPhe, tRNAGlu, tRNAHis, tRNACys, tRNAAsp and tRNATyr, and linear efficiency-accuracy trade-off was observed in all cases. Similar to tRNALys, tRNAPhe discriminated with higher accuracy against a particular mismatch in the second than in the first codon position. Remarkably high d-values were observed for tRNAGlu discrimination against a C-C mismatch in the first codon position (70 000) and for tRNAPhe discrimination against an A-G mismatch in the second codon position (79 000). At the same time, we have found a remarkably small d-value (200) for tRNAGlu misreading G in the middle position of the codon (U-G mismatch). Aminoglycoside antibiotics induce large codon reading errors by tRNAs. We have studied the mechanism of aminoglycoside action and found that the drug stabilized aminoacyl-tRNA in a codon selective in relation to a codon non-selective state. This greatly enhanced the probability of near cognate aminoacyl-tRNAs to successfully transcend the initial selection step of the translating ribosome. We showed that Mg2+ ions, in contrast, favour codon non-selective states and thus induce errors in a principally different way than aminoglycosides.  We also designed experiments to estimate the overall accuracy of peptide bond formation with, including initial selection accuracy and proofreading of tRNAs after GTP hydrolysis on EF-Tu. Our experiments have now made it possible to calibrate the accuracy of tRNA selection in the test tube to that in the living cells. We will now also be able to investigate the degree to which the accuracy of tRNA selection has been optimized for maximal fitness.

This paper attemps to asses the current development in the relationship between Sweden and Nato and it´s implecations on the creation of a potential security community. Building on Adler & Barnetts conceptualisation of Security Communities, focusing heaveliy on the construction of a common identity, the papper concludes that there is a tendency of the actors moving closing to eachother, not only practicly but also in the security discourse. This development indicates a creation of a new security community between Nato and Sweden, a new development that is built upon a common threat perception and security discourse.

Atualmente o Projeto de Experimentos (DOE) vem sendo largamente utilizado para determinar os fatores de projetos e processos mais significativos afetando uma variável resposta e para estabelecer modelos empíricos entre os fatores, entretanto este método ainda é pouco utilizado e processo de forjamento a quente. O presente trabalho analisa a influência individual e cumulativa de alguns parâmetros controláveis de um processo de forjamento a quente em matriz fechada na força de prensagem necessária para sua realização. Esta análise foi realizada utilizando a técnica de Projeto de Experimentos (DOE). Para a determinação da influência dos parâmetros de processo selecionados na variável resposta do Projeto de Experimentos (DOE), uma série de ensaios variando o lubrificante utilizado, o diâmetro da geratriz e a temperatura de forjamento foram realizados. A variável resposta para o experimento foi definida como a força de prensagem exigida do equipamento para a realização do forjamento. Para este trabalho foi utilizado o material ABNT 4140 fornecido em barras trefiladas de 28,6mm (1.1/8″) posteriormente forjado a quente em matriz fechada. Os resultados mostraram que o fator que mais influencia na força de prensagem para a situação ensaiada é o lubrificante. Os demais fatores, mesmo combinados, não apresentaram uma influência significativa na variável resposta. O presente estudo demonstra que é possível a utilização de técnicas de ajuste e definição de parâmetros de processo de forjamento a quente de maneira confiável e sem a necesside da aplicação dos complexos programas de simulação computacional e os métodos de tentativa e erro ainda presentes na indústria. Finalmente este trabalho reforça a versatilidade do Projeto de Experimentos (DOE) ainda pouco aplicado em processos de forjamento. / Nowadays the Design of Experiments (DOE) has been widely used to determine the most significant project and process factors affecting a response variable and to establish empirical models among the factors, although this method is still little used and the process of hot forging. This work analyzes the individual and cumulative influence of some controllable parameters in a closed die hot forging process in the pressing force required for its realization. This analysis was performed using a Design of Experiments (DOE) method. To determine the influence of variable factors selected in response Design of Experiments (DOE), a several tests varying the lubricant, the diameter of the billet and the forging temperature was performed. The response variable for the experiment was defined as pressing force. For this study, it was used the ABNT 4140 steel provided in drawn bars of 28,6mm (1 1/8 ″). The fator that had more influence over the pressing force was the lubricant. Other factors, whether or not combined, did not show a significant influence on the response variable. This study demonstrates that it is possible use techniques to set hot forging process parameters reliably and without necesside the application of complex computer simulation programs or the trial and error system. Finally, this work reinforces the versatility of Design of Experiments (DOE) wich is still little used in forging processes.

Hot och våld är vanligt förekommande inom psykiatrisk vård och ger upphov till ett stort antal sjukskrivningar varje år. Samtidigt saknas det idag en vedertagen definition av begreppen hot och våld. Hot och/eller våld är en utmaning i dagens psykiatri som kräver att specialistsjuksköterskan har tillräckliga kunskaper. Studiens syfte är att undersöka psykiatrisjuksköterskors uppfattningar av att möta hotfulla och våldsamma patienter inom psykiatrisk vård. Nio stycken intervjuer genomfördes med specialistsjuksköterskor vid två psykiatriska enheter i västra Sverige. Intervjuerna analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Tre kategorier togs fram ur resultatet från intervjuerna. Att riskera att möta hot och våld med underkategorierna att vara förberedd, hot och våld är svårdefinierbart, arbetsgruppen påverkar samt att ligga steget före. Resurser med underkategorierna att arbeta tillsammans och inte bara samtidigt, att vara kompetent, att känna sig trygg samt regler som ett stöd. Hinder med underkategorierna resursbrist, rätt person på rätt plats, handling före tanke, att vara rädd samt att vara olika. I resultatet framkommer att samarbetet och det gemensamma förhållningssättet i arbetsgruppen visar sig ha en tydlig koppling till förekomsten av hot och våld. Det framkommer att personal erbjuds träning i fysiska tekniker, dock efterfrågas utbildning i bemötande och verbala tekniker. Sjuksköterskorna upplever att det finns för lite kunskap kring bemötande och hantering av hot och våld måste lyftas i verksamheten. Det finns arbetsmodeller att tillgå, ett exempel på en sådan är Bergenmodellen. Specialistsjuksköterskan behöver verktyg att arbeta med hot och våld, detta är en kvalificerad uppgift som kräver en vårdvetenskaplig insikt i hur sjuksköterskan skapar ett positivt möte i en hotfull och/eller våldsam situation.

Inom vuxen psykiatrisk slutenvård förekommer hot och våld. Det här påverkar arbetsmiljön och kulturen i verksamheten. Riktlinjer skapas för en bra och fungerande verksamhet som kan hantera och stötta medarbetare när hot och våld har förekommit inom vuxen psykiatrisk slutenvård. Det ska råda nolltolerans mot hot och våld från arbetsgivaren och medarbetarna. Studiens syfte var att undersöka sjuksköterskors upplevelse av stöd efter hot och våld. Det finns få studier kring ämnet och författaren valde att göra en empirisk studie enligt kvalitativ metod och som analysmetod användes induktiv innehållsanalys. Resultatet delades in i fyra kategorier; Känslan av trygghet är en form av förebyggande stöd, det saknade stödet, ökad medvetenhet och stöd efter hot och våld - en fråga om arbetsmiljö. Författaren diskuterar resultatet utifrån att främja arbetsmiljön för sjuksköterskor inom vuxen psykiatrisk slutenvård. Vad arbetsgivaren erbjuder täcker inte alltid det behovet som sjuksköterskor har efter en situation med hot och våld. Om brister kring stöd efter hot och våld ses över kan det här leda till att sjuksköterskor upplever ett högre välbefinnande i sin arbetsmiljö och väljer att stanna kvar på sin arbetsplats. Om det är svårt att motivera sjuksköterskor att stanna kvar och arbeta inom vuxenpsykiatrisk slutenvård på grund av risken för hot och våld samt svårigheter för att rekrytera nya sjuksköterskor så bör lönehöjning med eventuellt risktillägg ses som en investering för verksamheten.

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo experimental a respeito do fenômeno da biestabilidade em cilindros finitos com média razão de aspecto. Na biestabilidade, há uma esteira estreita a jusante de um dos cilindros e uma esteira larga a jusante do outro. Pode estar presente em muitas situações práticas da engenharia dependendo da distância entre os cilindros. Em cilindros finitos ainda é pouco compreendida e explorada. Para compreender o mecanismo do desprendimento de vórtices, são estudados o escoamento em torno de um único cilindro finito, com cilindros de diâmetros entre 25 e 60 mm e razão de aspecto entre 1 e 4 e após, o escoamento em torno de dois cilindros finitos dispostos lado a lado, com cilindros de diâmetros entre 25 e 32 mm e razão de aspecto entre 3 e 4. A técnica experimental aplicada consiste na medição das flutuações de velocidade em canal aerodinâmico, utilizando a técnica de anemometria de fio quente e na visualização do escoamento no mesmo canal, mantendo os parâmetros, utilizando gelo seco e laser. Além disso, foi realizada a visualização do escoamento em canal hidráulico com as mesmas dimensões do canal aerodinâmico, utilizando injeção de tinta através de agulhas. Para o estudo foram utilizados Re=2,00×104 para um cilindro finito e 3,86×103 ≤ Re ≤ 4,81×104 para cilindros finitos dispostos lado a lado. Os dados medidos em canal aerodinâmico são tratados através de ferramentas estatísticas, espectrais e de ondaletas, e os resultados das visualizações do escoamento são apresentados por meio de imagens obtidas das filmagens realizadas com uma câmera digital. Além disso, os vídeos são tratados com softwares de edição de vídeo e com ferramentas estatísticas. Os resultados confirmam a existência do fenômeno da biestabilidade para dois cilindros finitos dispostos lado a lado, que é um dos objetivos do estudo, nas três posições estudadas. A técnica de visualização de escoamento reforça a interpretação dos resultados obtidos através da técnica de anemometria de fio quente. Neste trabalho é considerada a existência de três escoamentos concomitantes: o escoamento ascendente, caracterizado pela estrutura de vórtices na base; o escoamento descendente, caracterizado pela estrutura de vórtices no topo; e o aqui chamado escoamento principal, caracterizado pelo desprendimento de vórtices a meia altura dos cilindros. / This work presents an experimental study on the bistability phenomenon in finite cylinders with a mid-aspect ratio. In the bistability phenomenon the flow to form two wakes behind the cylinders, a large wake behind a cylinder and a narrow wake after another. It can be present in many practical engineering situations depending on the distance between the cylinders. In finite cylinders, it is still poorly understood and explored. To understand the vortex shedding mechanism are studied the flow in a single finite cylinder with diameters between 25 and 60 mm and aspect ratio between 1 and 4 is studied. After that, the flow of two finite cylinders placed side by side with cylinders of diameters between 25 and 32 mm and aspect ratio between 3 and 4 was studied. The experimental technique of hot wire anemometry in aerodynamic channel is applied in the measurement of velocity fluctuations of the flow. The flow visualization was performed on the same aerodynamic channel, keeping the parameters, through using dry ice and laser. In addition, flow visualization is performed on the hydraulic channel with the same dimensions of the aerodynamic channel using ink injection through needles. All images are captured with a camera digital. For the study, Re=2.00×104 for a finite cylinder and 3.86×103 ≤ Re ≤ 4.81×104 for finite cylinders arranged side by side were used. The data measured in aerodynamic channel are treated through statistics, spectral and wavelet tools and the videos are treated through video editing software and with statistical tools. The results show the existence of two different levels of mean velocity in time series, corresponding to two flow modes confirming the phenomenon of bistability for two finite cylinders placed side by side, which is one of the objectives of the study. The flow visualization technique strengthens the interpretation of the results obtained through the hot wire anemometer technique. In this work the existence of three concomitant flows is considered: the upwash flow, characterized by the vortex structure in the base; the downwash flow, characterized by the vortex structure at the top; and the so-called main flow, characterized by the vortex shedding at half height of the cylinders.